temporary settlements
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B2 noun ˈtempəreri ˈsetlmənts

temporary settlements

Meaning
Short-term or provisional housing or living arrangements.
Example
Temporary settlements will aid lunar exploration.
C2 verb /trænsˈfɪɡjʊər/

transfigure

Meaning
To transform the outward appearance or form, often in a way that elevates or glorifies.
Example
The artist managed to transfigure simple clay into a beautiful sculpture.
B1 verb ˈtrænsfər

transfer

Meaning
To move from one place to another; to hand over.
Example
Power transfer was necessary.
C1 noun /ˌtrænsˈpɪəreɪʃən/

transpiration

Meaning
The process by which plants lose water through their leaves, which plays a crucial role in plant cooling, nutrient transport, and the water cycle.
Example
Transpiration plays a key role in the water cycle and plant growth.
B2 noun /ˈteɪkˌɔːf/

takeoff

Meaning
The moment an aircraft leaves the ground and begins to fly; also a sudden rise or start in activity or success.
Example
The plane's takeoff was delayed due to bad weather.
A2 adjective /tʌf/

tough

Meaning
strong, durable, and difficult to break or deal with
Example
He had a tough day at work.
A2 noun /ˈtoʊstər/

Toaster

Meaning
an electric appliance used for toasting bread slices
Example
I put two slices of bread in the toaster for breakfast.
C1 adjective /ˈtæti/

tatty

Meaning
Worn out, shabby, or in poor condition.
Example
The sofa looked old and tatty after years of use.
C1 noun /ˈtreɪ.ki.ə/

Trachea

Meaning
the tube that carries air from the throat to the lungs; windpipe
Example
The trachea is protected by cartilage rings that keep it open.
B2 adjective /ˈθɜːrməl/

thermal

Meaning
Related to heat or temperature.
Example
She wore a thermal jacket to stay warm in winter.
A2 noun /teɪst/

Taste

Meaning
the sensation produced when food touches the tongue; personal preference or liking
Example
This cake has a sweet taste that I really enjoy.
B2 noun /tɒŋz/

Tongs

Meaning
a tool consisting of two movable arms that are joined at one end, used for picking up and holding things
Example
Use the tongs to pick up the hot pieces of meat from the grill.
A2 noun /tuːl/

tool

Meaning
a device or implement used to carry out a particular function
Example
He used a hammer as a tool to fix the chair.
B1 adjective /ˈtrɪki/

Tricky

Meaning
requiring skill or careful handling; difficult to deal with
Example
This math problem is quite tricky to solve.
C1 adjective /trænsˈluːsənt/

translucent

Meaning
allowing light to pass through, but not clearly enough to see detailed images
Example
She placed the flower in a translucent vase.
C2 noun /tækˈsɒnəmɪst/

taxonomist

Meaning
A scientist who classifies organisms into groups based on their characteristics.
Example
The taxonomist discovered a new species of insect.
A1 noun /taʊn/

town

Meaning
a human settlement smaller than a city
Example
The town was quiet on Sundays.
B1 noun /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

trading

Meaning
the act or business of buying and selling goods or services
Example
She made a fortune through online trading.
B2 noun /ˈtʌndrə/

tundra

Meaning
A vast, flat, treeless Arctic region where the subsoil is permanently frozen.
Example
Polar bears roam across the icy tundra.
A2 noun /ˈtaɪ.ɡər/

Tiger

Meaning
a very large solitary cat with a yellow-brown coat striped with black, native to the forests of Asia
Example
The tiger hunted silently through the jungle.
A2 noun /tʌŋ/

Tongue

Meaning
the muscular organ in the mouth used for tasting, speaking, and swallowing; a language
Example
The doctor asked him to stick out his tongue for examination.
A2 noun /ˈtɒpɪk/

topic

Meaning
a subject of conversation, discussion, or writing
Example
The topic of the meeting was company expansion.
B2 adjective /ˈtɒlərənt/

tolerant

Meaning
Showing willingness to allow the existence of opinions or behaviors that one dislikes or disagrees with.
Example
He is very tolerant of other people's beliefs.
C1 verb /ˈtɑːtər/

totter

Meaning
To move unsteadily, as if about to fall; to be on the point of collapse.
Example
The old man tottered across the street with a cane.
B2 noun, verb /tæɡ/

tag

Meaning
a label attached to something for identification or information; or to attach such a label
Example
She tagged her luggage before boarding the plane.
C2 adjective /tɒnˈsɔːriəl/

tonsorial

Meaning
relating to barbers or hairdressing
Example
The town's new barber offered a wide range of tonsorial services.
C1 noun /tækt/

tact

Meaning
Adroitness and sensitivity in dealing with others or with difficult issues.
Example
He handled the situation with tact and professionalism.
B2 noun /ˈtɛkstʃər/

texture

Meaning
the way something feels when you touch it; the quality of a surface or substance
Example
The fabric has a soft and smooth texture.
C1 noun /ˈtæbloʊ/

tableau

Meaning
a striking or artistic scene or arrangement of people or objects, often presented on stage or in art
Example
The actors froze in a tableau that captured the final moment of the play.
C1 noun /ˈtrɪlədʒi/

trilogy

Meaning
a set of three related works, usually books or films, that form a connected story
Example
The director finally released the third film to complete the sci-fi trilogy.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊɡə/

toga

Meaning
A loose outer garment worn in ancient Rome, typically draped over the shoulders and body.
Example
The senator wore a white toga during the ceremony.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛlˌteɪl/

telltale

Meaning
Revealing something that is usually hidden; giving away a secret or clue.
Example
The telltale signs of fatigue were visible on his face.
C2 noun /ˈtrɛsəl/

trestle

Meaning
a frame or support consisting of a horizontal beam held up by two pairs of sloping legs, used especially for supporting a bridge or table
Example
The workers built a wooden trestle to support the temporary bridge.
B2 noun /ˈtɪmbər/

timber

Meaning
wood prepared for use in building and carpentry
Example
The house was built entirely from local timber.
B2 noun /ˈtɜːr.naʊt/

turnout

Meaning
the number of people who attend or participate in an event or activity
Example
The turnout at the rally was impressive, with thousands showing up.
C2 noun /traɪst/

tryst

Meaning
a private romantic meeting between lovers
Example
They arranged a secret tryst in the park.
B1 noun /trʌŋk/

Trunk

Meaning
a large box or chest, typically used for storage or travel
Example
She packed her clothes in the trunk.
B1 noun /ˈtiː.pɒt/

Tea-pot

Meaning
a container with a lid, handle, and spout for brewing and serving tea
Example
She poured hot water into the tea-pot to make tea.
B1 noun /θiːm/

theme

Meaning
A subject or topic of discourse or artistic representation.
Example
The theme highlighted resilience and sustainability.
C1 adjective ˈtæktɪkəl

tactical

Meaning
Relating to or constituting actions carefully planned to gain a specific military or political end.
Example
Tactical thinking is crucial in business negotiations.
C2 adjective /ˈtriːzənəbl/

treasonable

Meaning
Relating to or involving the crime of treason.
Example
The general was accused of treasonable conduct.
C2 noun /ˌθɜː.məʊˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

thermogenesis

Meaning
The process of heat production in living organisms, often associated with burning calories and energy expenditure.
Example
Spicy foods can enhance thermogenesis and calorie burning.
C1 verb /θræʃ/

thrash

Meaning
to beat someone or something violently; to move wildly or violently
Example
The angry man threatened to thrash his opponent.
A2 preposition /tɪl/

till

Meaning
up to the time of; until
Example
She waited till midnight for his call.
C1 noun /ˈtæntrəm/

tantrum

Meaning
An uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration, typically in a young child.
Example
The child threw a tantrum when he didn’t get the toy.
C1 noun /təˈræntjʊlə/

tarantula

Meaning
A large hairy spider found in warm regions.
Example
The tarantula crawled across the desert floor.
B2 noun /ˈtwaɪ.laɪt/

Twilight

Meaning
the soft glowing light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon; a period of decline
Example
We walked along the beach at twilight.
A2 noun /ˈtɜːrtl/

turtle

Meaning
A slow-moving reptile with a hard shell that lives in water or on land
Example
The turtle slowly crossed the sandy beach.
A2 noun /toʊ/

Toe

Meaning
any of the five digits at the end of the human foot
Example
She stubbed her toe on the chair leg.
C1 noun /ˈtɛstəmənt/

testament

Meaning
a person's will; or strong evidence of something
Example
His success is a testament to his hard work and dedication.
A2 noun tuːlz

Tools

Meaning
A device or implement used to carry out a particular function.
Example
You can use online tools like FamilySearch to create a family tree.
B2 adjective /trænˈspærənt/

Transparent

Meaning
allowing light to pass through; clear and obvious; honest and open
Example
The company maintains transparent business practices.
B2 adjective /ˈtaɪə.səm/

Tiresome

Meaning
causing weariness or boredom; tedious
Example
The long lecture was tiresome and repetitive.
B2 adjective /ˈtɔː.kə.tɪv/

Talkative

Meaning
fond of talking; speaking freely and at length
Example
My talkative neighbor loves to chat about everything.
B2 adjective /trɔːˈmætɪk/

traumatic

Meaning
Deeply distressing or disturbing, often related to emotional or physical injury.
Example
The accident was a traumatic experience for the entire family.
B2 noun /taɪm/

thyme

Meaning
A small aromatic herb used in cooking and medicine.
Example
She sprinkled thyme on the roasted chicken.
B2 noun /trænzˈmɪʃən/

transmission

Meaning
the act of sending, passing, or spreading something such as information, energy, or disease
Example
The transmission of data over the internet is very fast.
C2 noun /ˌθiːəˈloʊdʒən/

theologian

Meaning
A person who studies or is an expert in theology.
Example
Theologians often debate complex questions of faith and morality.
C1 noun /ˈtæm.ər.ɪnd/

Tamarind

Meaning
a brown tropical fruit with a tangy, sour taste used in cooking and beverages
Example
Tamarind is commonly used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisines for its sour flavor.
C2 verb /trænˈspoʊz/

transpose

Meaning
to change the order or position of something
Example
The editor transposed two paragraphs in the article.
B2 noun /ˈtɒnɪk/

tonic

Meaning
a medicine or drink that restores or refreshes health and energy
Example
A glass of lemonade was the perfect tonic on a hot day.
C1 noun /tɔːrk/

torque

Meaning
A twisting force that causes rotation.
Example
The mechanic measured the torque of the engine.
C1 adjective /ˈtʌtʃi/

Touchy

Meaning
easily upset or offended; overly sensitive
Example
He's very touchy about his height.
C1 adjective, noun, verb /ˈtrɛbəl/

treble

Meaning
triple; consisting of three parts; high-pitched sound in music
Example
The company's profits trebled in just two years.
B1 verb /ˈθretən/

threaten

Meaning
to express an intention to harm or punish someone; to be likely to cause harm
Example
The storm clouds threaten to bring heavy rain tonight.
A2 noun /trɪk/

Trick

Meaning
a cunning act intended to deceive; a skillful action performed for entertainment
Example
The magician performed an amazing card trick that fooled everyone.
C2 noun /ˈtɔːrpər/

torpor

Meaning
A state of physical or mental inactivity; lethargy.
Example
The heat induced a state of torpor in the workers.
B1 noun, verb /toʊn/

tone

Meaning
the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.
Example
The tone of the letter was very formal.
C2 noun /traɪˈʌmvɪrət/

triumvirate

Meaning
A political regime ruled or dominated by three powerful individuals.
Example
The Roman Republic was once governed by a triumvirate.
B2 adjective /ˌθɛr.əˈpjuː.tɪk/

therapeutic

Meaning
Having a healing or beneficial effect on the body or mind.
Example
Meditation is highly therapeutic for mental well-being.
C1 adjective /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

typographical

Meaning
relating to the style, arrangement, or appearance of printed text
Example
There was a typographical error in the book.
C1 noun /ˈtiːdiəm/

tedium

Meaning
the state of being tedious; monotony or boredom
Example
The tedium of long meetings often drains motivation.
A2 adjective /ˈtaɪ.ni/

Tiny

Meaning
extremely small in size or amount
Example
The baby bird was tiny and helpless.
C2 adjective /ˈtrɛmjələs/

tremulous

Meaning
shaking or quivering slightly, often from nervousness or weakness
Example
Her voice was tremulous as she gave her speech.
B2 noun /truːp/

Troop

Meaning
a group of soldiers; military personnel organized as a unit
Example
The troop marched in formation across the parade ground.
B1 noun /ˈθʌn.dər/

Thunder

Meaning
the loud rumbling sound that follows lightning; to make a loud deep sound
Example
We heard thunder rolling across the sky.
B2 adjective /ˈtrædʒɪk/

Tragic

Meaning
very sad; involving death or extreme suffering
Example
The plane crash was a tragic accident.
B2 noun /toʊl/

toll

Meaning
A charge payable for using a road or bridge; also the extent of damage or suffering caused by something.
Example
The flood took a heavy toll on the village.
C1 noun /tækˈsɒnəmi/

taxonomy

Meaning
The science or practice of classifying things, especially organisms.
Example
Modern taxonomy helps scientists organize and study biodiversity.
B2 noun /ˈten.ənt/

Tenant

Meaning
a person who rents and occupies property owned by someone else
Example
The landlord met with the new tenant to sign the lease agreement.
A2 adjective /ˈteɪ.sti/

Tasty

Meaning
having a pleasant flavor; delicious
Example
The pizza was really tasty with fresh ingredients.
B2 noun /ˈtroʊfi/

trophy

Meaning
An object awarded as a prize for a victory or achievement.
Example
She proudly displayed the trophy she won in the competition.
B1 noun /təˈbækoʊ/

tobacco

Meaning
a plant grown for its leaves, which are used in making cigarettes and cigars
Example
He stopped smoking tobacco after his health scare.
C1 noun /ˈtraɪ.fəl/

Trifle

Meaning
something of little importance or value; a small amount
Example
Don't worry about such a trifle; it's not worth your time.
C1 adjective /tɔːt/

taut

Meaning
stretched or pulled tight; tense
Example
The rope was pulled taut between the two poles.
C2 adjective /ˈtɔːni/

tawny

Meaning
A warm, sandy or golden-brown color.
Example
The owl's tawny feathers blended with the tree bark.
B1 adjective /ˈtɪpɪkəl/

typical

Meaning
having the usual qualities of a particular type of person or thing
Example
It was a typical summer day, hot and humid.
C1 noun /ˈtændʒənt/

tangent

Meaning
a straight line or plane that touches a curve or curved surface at a point but does not cross it
Example
The teacher drew a tangent to the circle on the board.
C2 verb /ˈtɪtər/

titter

Meaning
to laugh in a quiet, nervous, or restrained way
Example
The students began to titter when the projector froze.
C2 adjective /ˈtɪtjələr/

titular

Meaning
holding a title or position in name only without real power; relating to the title of a work
Example
She is the titular head of the committee, but decisions are made by the coordinator.
B2 adjective trænsˈfɔːr.mə.tɪv

transformative

Meaning
Something that has a profound impact and creates something new.
Example
The new education system is highly transformative.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊ.pæz/

Topaz

Meaning
a precious stone, typically colorless, yellow, or blue, used in jewelry
Example
The queen's crown was adorned with a magnificent blue topaz.
B2 noun /ˈtoʊ.kən/

token

Meaning
A symbol or object that represents something, often given as a sign of appreciation or as a substitute for money.
Example
She gave him a small gift as a token of gratitude.
B2 noun /tækˈseɪʃən/

taxation

Meaning
The system of imposing and collecting taxes.
Example
Taxation is necessary for funding public services.
C1 noun /ˈtraɪæd/

triad

Meaning
a group of three closely related people or things
Example
The project was managed by a triad of experts.
B1 noun /tʃuˈɪʃ.ən/

tuition

Meaning
the fee for instruction or teaching, typically at a school or university
Example
The tuition for the college has increased this year.
A2 noun /tiːm/

team

Meaning
a group of people working together towards a common goal
Example
Our team won the match after a great effort.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnər/

tenor

Meaning
the general meaning, drift, or character of something; a male singing voice between baritone and alto
Example
The overall tenor of his speech was hopeful and reassuring.
A1 adjective /twɛlv/

twelve

Meaning
the number equivalent to 12
Example
There are twelve months in a year.
B1 noun /taɪl/

tile

Meaning
a flat piece of baked clay or other material used for covering roofs, floors, or walls
Example
The kitchen floor is covered with ceramic tiles.
B1 noun ˈtʊə.nə.mənt

tournament

Meaning
A series of contests between a number of competitors, competing for an overall prize.
Example
The tournament showcased exceptional talent.
B2 adjective /ˈtrʌblsəm/

Troublesome

Meaning
causing difficulty or annoyance; problematic
Example
The troublesome student disrupted the class again.
C2 noun /taɪð/

tithe

Meaning
A tenth part of one’s income or produce, often given as a religious offering.
Example
He gave a tithe of his earnings to the church.
C1 verb /ˈtræmpəl/

trample

Meaning
to tread heavily on something and cause damage or injury
Example
The crowd trampled the flowers in the park.
C2 noun /tiːˈtoʊtəlɪzəm/

teetotalism

Meaning
the practice or principle of abstaining completely from alcoholic drinks
Example
He practiced teetotalism throughout his life.
A2 noun /θɔːt/

thought

Meaning
an idea or opinion produced by thinking or considering something
Example
She had a sudden thought about the future.
B1 noun /teɪl/

tale

Meaning
a narrative of imaginary events, especially one that is presented as true
Example
The old man told a tale of his adventures.
B2 adjective /θiˈætrɪkl/

theatrical

Meaning
Relating to the theater or exaggerated and dramatic in behavior or style.
Example
Her theatrical performance won the audience's applause.
A1 noun /ˈteɪbəl/

table

Meaning
A piece of furniture with a flat top and legs, used for working at or placing items on.
Example
They placed the documents on the table.
C1 verb /trænsˈɡrɛs/

transgress

Meaning
to go beyond the limits of a moral law, command, or boundary; to sin
Example
He apologized after realizing he had transgressed the community's rules.
C2 adjective /ˈtɔːrpɪd/

torpid

Meaning
Mentally or physically inactive; sluggish or lethargic.
Example
After the long hike, he felt torpid and unmotivated.
B2 verb /tæn/

tan

Meaning
to make skin or a hide brown by exposure to the sun or by using chemicals
Example
She tanned her skin after spending the summer at the beach.
C2 noun ˈtɛlɪˌmɛtri

telemetry

Meaning
The process of recording and transmitting the readings of an instrument.
Example
The spacecraft transmitted telemetry data back to Earth.
C1 noun /ˈtriːzən/

Treason

Meaning
the crime of betraying one's country, especially by attempting to kill or overthrow the sovereign or government
Example
He was accused of treason against the state.
B2 noun /ˈtɒl.ər.əns/

Tolerance

Meaning
the ability to accept different opinions or behavior; willingness to allow something to exist
Example
Religious tolerance is important in a diverse society.
B2 adjective /ˈθɔːtˌproʊvɪkɪŋ/

thought-provoking

Meaning
stimulating careful consideration or thought
Example
The movie was deeply thought-provoking and left a lasting impression.
C1 noun /təˈlɛfəni/

telephony

Meaning
the technology and systems for transmitting voice over distances by telephone
Example
Modern telephony has evolved to include internet-based calls.
A2 noun /taɪər/

tire

Meaning
a rubber covering around a wheel
Example
The car’s tire burst on the highway.
C1 verb /ˈtrɛspəs/

trespass

Meaning
to enter someone's land or property without permission
Example
He was fined for trespassing on private land.
C1 adverb /ˌðɛərˈʌv/

Thereof

Meaning
of that; from that
Example
The contract and all amendments thereof must be signed.
A2 adjective /θɪn/

Thin

Meaning
having little thickness; not thick; slender
Example
She wore a thin jacket in the cold weather.