standards
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Spanish FR French DE German RU Russian ZH Chinese JA Japanese
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B1 noun ˈstæn.dədz

standards

Meaning
A level of quality or attainment; a required or agreed level of quality or attainment.
Example
High standards inspire competitors.
B2 verb /ˈɪr.ɪ.teɪt/

irritate

Meaning
To make someone annoyed or angry; to cause discomfort or inflammation.
Example
Rubbing your eyes can irritate them.
C2 adjective /ˈfæsaɪl/

Facile

Meaning
easily achieved; superficial; lacking depth
Example
His facile explanation didn't address the real problem.
A2 noun /ˈɑːrmi/

army

Meaning
a large organized military force trained for war
Example
The army protected the border from attack.
C2 noun /ɒmˈnɪpətəns/

omnipotence

Meaning
The quality of having unlimited power or authority.
Example
Many religions describe God’s omnipotence as absolute.
C1 noun /ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

rehabilitation

Meaning
the process of restoring someone or something to health or normal life through training or therapy
Example
After the accident, he went through months of rehabilitation to walk again.
B1 adverb /sɪnˈsɪrli/

sincerely

Meaning
with genuine feelings; honestly and truly
Example
I sincerely hope you recover soon.
C2 noun /prɪˈpɒndərəns/

preponderance

Meaning
The quality or fact of being greater in number, quantity, or importance.
Example
There was a preponderance of evidence against the defendant.
C1 noun /tɑːrˈpɔːlɪn/

tarpaulin

Meaning
A large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant material used for covering or protecting things.
Example
The workers used a tarpaulin to cover the construction materials from rain.
B2 adjective /ˈrɪɡ.ər.əs/

rigorous

Meaning
Extremely thorough and demanding in analysis or practice.
Example
A rigorous study plan helps students achieve better results.
C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

Meaning
The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.
Example
Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.
C1 noun /kɪˈməʊnoʊ/

kimono

Meaning
a traditional Japanese robe with wide sleeves, tied with a sash
Example
She wore a beautiful silk kimono at the ceremony.
C1 verb /ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/

outstrip

Meaning
To go faster or do better than someone or something; to surpass.
Example
The company outstripped its competitors in sales last year.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈperɪʃəbəl/

Imperishable

Meaning
not subject to decay; lasting forever; eternal
Example
The imperishable beauty of classical art continues to inspire generations.
B1 noun /ˈproʊɡræmɪŋ/

programing

Meaning
the process of writing computer code to create software or applications
Example
He spends most of his time learning computer programming.
B2 noun /ˈbiː.təl/

Beetle

Meaning
a hard-bodied insect with wing covers
Example
The black beetle scurried across the garden path.
A2 noun /ˈpoʊstər/

poster

Meaning
a large printed picture or notice that is put on a wall for decoration or to advertise something
Example
They put up a movie poster outside the theater.
A2 verb /ʃeɪk/

shake

Meaning
to move quickly back and forth; to tremble
Example
The earthquake made the building shake.
B2 noun /əˈriːnə/

arena

Meaning
a large area surrounded by seats for sports, entertainment, or other events
Example
The basketball game will be held in the new arena downtown.
B2 noun /ˈtɛrərɪst/

terrorist

Meaning
a person who uses violence or threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes
Example
The terrorist was arrested by the police after the attack.
C2 noun /ˈper.ɪ.dʒiː/

perigee

Meaning
the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the Earth
Example
The moon appeared much larger during its perigee.
A2 adverb /ˈwiːkli/

Weekly

Meaning
happening or done once every week; every week
Example
I visit my grandmother weekly on Sundays.
C2 verb /ˈhʊdwɪŋk/

hoodwink

Meaning
To deceive or trick someone.
Example
The scammer hoodwinked many people with false promises.
C2 adverb /əˈsʌndər/

asunder

Meaning
into separate parts; apart
Example
The ancient empire was torn asunder by war.
C2 noun /ˈbɜːrsər/

bursar

Meaning
An official in a school or college responsible for financial affairs.
Example
The bursar approved the budget for the new library.
B2 noun /dɪˈsper/

Despair

Meaning
the complete loss or absence of hope; a state of feeling hopeless
Example
After losing his job, he fell into despair and couldn't see any way forward.
A2 noun /drʌm/

Drum

Meaning
a percussion instrument typically made of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched over one or both ends
Example
The drummer kept perfect time on his drum kit.
A2 noun /ˈmembər/

member

Meaning
a person or thing that belongs to a group or organization
Example
She is a member of the local sports club.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈlæps/

relapse

Meaning
to return to a worse condition, especially after improvement; a deterioration after recovery
Example
After months of progress, he suffered a relapse.
B2 noun /ˈdɔː.weɪ/

doorway

Meaning
the space where a door opens into a room or building
Example
She stood in the doorway waiting for him to arrive.
C1 noun /ˈnɛm.ə.sɪs/

nemesis

Meaning
A long-standing rival or an inescapable agent of downfall.
Example
For years, he considered his colleague to be his nemesis.
C1 verb /bɪˈhoʊld/

behold

Meaning
to see or observe something, especially something remarkable or impressive
Example
She stood quietly to behold the sunrise over the hills.
C1 verb /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪt/

incubate

Meaning
to keep eggs, cells, or organisms at the right conditions for development
Example
The hen will incubate the eggs until they hatch.
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
B2 verb /səˈsteɪn/

sustain

Meaning
To support, maintain, or keep something going over time.
Example
The team worked hard to sustain their success.
B2 verb /dɪˈspaɪz/

despise

Meaning
to regard with contempt; to hate strongly
Example
She despises dishonesty in all its forms.
C1 adjective /dæft/

daft

Meaning
Silly or foolish.
Example
It was a daft idea to go hiking without water.
C1 noun /trænsˈɡrɛʃən/

transgression

Meaning
an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; a violation or sin
Example
The court forgave his first transgression but warned him not to repeat it.
B2 adjective /ˈdɛntəl/

dental

Meaning
relating to teeth or dentistry
Example
She goes for a dental checkup every six months.
C2 noun /tiːˈtoʊtəlɪzəm/

teetotalism

Meaning
the practice or principle of abstaining completely from alcoholic drinks
Example
He practiced teetotalism throughout his life.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈɡreɪt.fəl/

Ungrateful

Meaning
not feeling or showing thanks for something done or given; not appreciating kindness
Example
She felt he was ungrateful for all the help she had given him.
A2 noun /ɡluː/

Glue

Meaning
a sticky substance used for sticking objects or materials together; an adhesive
Example
The children used white glue to attach the colorful paper pieces to their art project.
C1 noun /ˈaʊtriːtʃ/

outreach

Meaning
The act of providing services or support to people who might not otherwise have access to them.
Example
The charity launched a new outreach program for the homeless.
C1 adjective /daɪˈvɜːrsɪfaɪd/

diversified

Meaning
Made or having variety in form, nature, or content.
Example
The company adopted a diversified business strategy to reduce risks.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
B2 adjective /dɪˈvaɪn/

Divine

Meaning
heavenly; sacred; godlike; relating to God or a deity
Example
The divine beauty of the sunset took their breath away.
C2 adjective /ˌpriːtərˈnætʃərəl/

preternatural

Meaning
Beyond what is normal or natural; extraordinary or supernatural.
Example
She had a preternatural ability to remain calm in any crisis.
B2 noun/verb /ˈwɒf.əl/

waffle

Meaning
as noun: a crisp cake with a pattern of deep squares; as verb: to speak or write vaguely without making a clear decision
Example
He kept waffling instead of making a decision.
C2 adjective /daɪˈæfənəs/

diaphanous

Meaning
Light, delicate, and translucent.
Example
She wore a diaphanous dress that shimmered in the sunlight.
C1 noun /ˈaʊtpoʊst/

outpost

Meaning
A small military camp or position at some distance from the main force, used especially as a guard.
Example
The soldiers were stationed at a remote outpost.
C2 adjective /əˈbɔːrtɪv/

abortive

Meaning
Failing to produce the intended result; unsuccessful.
Example
Their abortive attempt to climb the mountain ended in retreat.
C1 verb /spɜːrn/

spurn

Meaning
To reject something or someone with disdain or contempt.
Example
She spurned his offer of help.
C2 noun /ˈpɪnəs/

pinnace

Meaning
a small boat, often carried by a larger ship
Example
The sailors used a pinnace to reach the shore.
C1 verb /aʊtˈlæst/

outlast

Meaning
to continue longer than; to endure beyond someone or something else
Example
The old castle has outlasted many generations.
B1 noun /ˈæŋkəl/

ankle

Meaning
the joint connecting the foot with the leg
Example
He twisted his ankle while playing football.
C2 adjective /ˈboʊvaɪn/

bovine

Meaning
relating to cattle; showing a dull or sluggish nature
Example
Her bovine expression revealed no emotions.
C2 adjective /ˌɒbsəˈlɛsnt/

obsolescent

Meaning
Becoming outdated or on the way to becoming obsolete.
Example
The obsolescent technology could not compete with modern devices.
A2 adverb /ˈmoʊstli/

Mostly

Meaning
mainly; for the most part; usually
Example
The students are mostly from local schools.
C1 noun ˌmek.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

mechanization

Meaning
The process of introducing machines or replacing manual labor with machines.
Example
Mechanization has revolutionized agriculture.
A2 noun sɔːŋz

songs

Meaning
A short poem or other set of words set to music or meant to be sung.
Example
Listen to songs to learn pronunciation.
B1 verb /kəˈmænd/

command

Meaning
to give an order authoritatively; to control or direct
Example
The general commanded the soldiers to move forward.
B2 noun /meɪz/

Maze

Meaning
A network of paths designed as a puzzle; a confusing situation
Example
The children got lost in the corn maze at the harvest festival.
B2 noun /ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən/

Repetition

Meaning
the action of repeating something that has already been said or written
Example
Constant repetition helps students memorize vocabulary effectively.
B2 verb /ɪnˈfɔːrs/

enforce

Meaning
to make sure that a rule, law, or policy is obeyed
Example
The police are responsible for enforcing the law.
C1 adjective /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.ʃəl/

exponential

Meaning
Rapid growth or expansion at an increasing rate
Example
Technology is advancing at an exponential rate.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmuː.və.bəl/

immovable

Meaning
Not able to be moved; fixed in position.
Example
Immovable barriers prevent change.
C2 verb /əbˈhɔːr/

abhor

Meaning
to regard with disgust and hatred
Example
She abhors cruelty to animals.
C2 noun /hɜːrˈbɛəriəm/

herbarium

Meaning
A collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study.
Example
The university maintains a large herbarium for research and education.
A2 noun /ɪˈfekt/

Effect

Meaning
a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause
Example
The new medicine had a positive effect on the patient's recovery.
B2 noun kjuːz

cues

Meaning
Signals or hints from conversation or environment that help understanding
Example
Facial expressions provide cues about a person's emotions.
B2 adjective /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bəl/

renewable

Meaning
Able to be renewed or replaced naturally; not depleted when used.
Example
Renewable resources minimize environmental damage.
B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

Meaning
relating to the period after a war has ended
Example
The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.
A1 verb /kʊk/

cook

Meaning
to prepare food by heating; to make food ready to eat
Example
My mother loves to cook traditional dishes.
B2 noun /ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm/

activism

Meaning
The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.
Example
Her environmental activism inspired many young people to take action.
B2 adjective ˈɡraʊndˌbreɪ.kɪŋ

groundbreaking

Meaning
Introducing new ideas or methods; innovative or pioneering.
Example
Groundbreaking advancements redefine innovation.
C2 adjective /aɪˈsɒ.krə.nəs/

isochronous

Meaning
Occurring at equal time intervals; in unison or synchrony.
Example
The pendulum swings are isochronous, repeating at equal intervals.
B2 verb /əˈsɜːrt/

assert

Meaning
to state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully; to insist upon rights or claims
Example
She decided to assert her authority in the meeting.
B1 verb /əˈweɪk/

awake

Meaning
to stop sleeping; to become conscious or alert
Example
I awake every morning at six o'clock.
B2 noun /ˈroʊstɪd miːt/

Roasted meat

Meaning
meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over fire
Example
The roasted meat was perfectly seasoned and tender.
C2 verb /bɪˈɡaɪl/

beguile

Meaning
to charm or enchant someone, often in a deceptive way
Example
She beguiled the audience with her storytelling.
B2 adjective /ˌærəˈmætɪk/

aromatic

Meaning
Having a pleasant and distinctive smell.
Example
The chef used aromatic herbs to flavor the dish.
C1 adjective /ˈbloʊtɪd/

bloated

Meaning
swollen or puffed up, often unpleasantly
Example
After the big meal, he felt bloated and uncomfortable.
A2 noun /ˈtaɪm.teɪ.bəl/

Timetable

Meaning
a schedule showing planned activities or events at particular times
Example
Please check the train timetable for departure times.
C2 noun, adjective /ˌtætərdɪˈmeɪliən/

tatterdemalion

Meaning
A person dressed in ragged clothes; ragged or dilapidated in appearance.
Example
A tatterdemalion wandered the streets in search of food.
B2 noun /kʌb/

Cub

Meaning
a young bear, lion, tiger, or other large carnivorous mammal
Example
The bear cub stayed close to its mother for protection.
B1 noun /bɪərd/

Beard

Meaning
hair that grows on the chin and lower cheeks of a man's face
Example
He grew a long beard during the winter months.
C1 noun /dɪˈmiːnər/

demeanor

Meaning
a person's outward behavior or appearance
Example
Her calm demeanor impressed everyone at the meeting.
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
B2 noun /əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

accessibility

Meaning
Accessibility or availability, easy availability of any place or service.
Example
Improved accessibility helps people with disabilities.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

Meaning
deserving pity; arousing compassion
Example
The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.
B1 verb /əˈsoʊsiˌeɪt/

associate

Meaning
to connect or link things together; to spend time with someone
Example
I associate this song with summer.
B2 verb /snæp/

snap

Meaning
to break suddenly; to speak angrily; to take a photograph quickly
Example
The rope snapped under the weight.
C1 noun /dɪˈfjuːʒən/

diffusion

Meaning
the spreading of something more widely or the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Example
The diffusion of information on social media is rapid.
B2 adverb /ˈfɜ:rst hænd/

First-hand

Meaning
directly experienced or obtained; from the original source
Example
I experienced the earthquake first-hand.
C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

Meaning
A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.
Example
The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.
C1 noun /ˈɛdɪfɪs/

edifice

Meaning
A large, impressive building or structure.
Example
The museum is an impressive edifice in the city center.
C2 verb /diːˈpɒpjʊˌleɪt/

depopulate

Meaning
To reduce the number of people living in a place.
Example
The war threatened to depopulate the once-thriving town.
C1 noun /dɪˈmaɪz/

demise

Meaning
Death or end of something, especially the end of an institution or system.
Example
The sudden demise of the company shocked investors.
C1 verb /ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt/

authenticate

Meaning
To prove or show that something is genuine or true.
Example
The bank uses advanced technology to authenticate online transactions.
B2 verb /əˈlaɪn/

align

Meaning
To arrange things in a straight line; to adjust or bring into proper relation or agreement.
Example
The manager asked the team to align their goals with the company's mission.
C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

Meaning
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example
Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.
B1 noun /ˈɛpɪsoʊd/

episode

Meaning
An event or part of a story, or one installment in a series.
Example
The last episode of the drama was watched by millions.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪmpɪd/

limpid

Meaning
Clear and transparent, easily understood.
Example
The limpid water of the lake reflected the sky perfectly.
A2 adjective/noun /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

irish

Meaning
relating to Ireland, its people, or its language
Example
The Irish countryside is very beautiful.
C2 adjective /rɪˈmɪs/

remiss

Meaning
Negligent in performing a duty or responsibility.
Example
The manager was remiss in not checking the financial reports carefully.
C1 verb /vaʊtʃ/

vouch

Meaning
to confirm or assert the truth or reliability of something
Example
I can vouch for his honesty.
A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪtɪd/

invited

Meaning
asked someone formally or politely to go somewhere or do something
Example
She was invited to the party.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
B2 noun /ˈhæn.di.krɑːft/

Handicraft

Meaning
an activity involving the making of decorative domestic or other objects with the hands; handmade artistic work
Example
The local market featured beautiful handicrafts made by skilled artisans from the region.
A1 verb /tel/

tell

Meaning
to say something to someone; to give information or instructions
Example
Can you tell me the time?
C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
C2 noun /ˈhʌm.ək/

hummock

Meaning
A small hill, mound, or ridge of earth or ice.
Example
The hikers rested on a grassy hummock by the river.
B2 noun ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛn.ʃən

comprehension

Meaning
The ability to understand something; understanding or grasp of knowledge.
Example
Reading improves vocabulary and comprehension skills.
B2 adverb /ˈsiː.mɪŋ.li/

seemingly

Meaning
appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
Example
He was seemingly calm despite the chaos around him.
B2 verb, noun /ɡrɪn/

grin

Meaning
to smile broadly, often showing teeth
Example
She grinned happily at the good news.
C2 verb /dɪˈkæmp/

decamp

Meaning
To depart suddenly or secretly, often to avoid trouble or escape.
Example
The thief decamped before the police arrived.
A1 adjective /hɑːrd/

hard

Meaning
solid, firm, or difficult to do or endure
Example
The exam was very hard for most students.
C1 noun ˈdɪskɔrd

discord

Meaning
Disagreement or conflict between people or ideas.
Example
Discord among people disrupts societal stability.
C2 noun /ɪˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

enunciation

Meaning
The act of saying or pronouncing words clearly and distinctly.
Example
His enunciation was clear during the presentation.
B2 noun /ˈpɑː.tər/

Potter

Meaning
a person who makes pottery
Example
The potter shaped clay on the spinning wheel.
B1 noun /ˈpʊl.oʊ.vər/

Pullover

Meaning
a knitted garment worn on the upper body, typically pulled on over the head
Example
She wore a warm pullover during the cold winter evening.