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B2 noun /ˈsnoʊ.fɔːl/

Snowfall

Meaning
the process of snow falling from the sky; the amount of snow that falls
Example
The heavy snowfall blocked all the roads yesterday.
B2 adjective /ˌɑːrkɪˈtɛktʃərəl/

architectural

Meaning
relating to the design and style of buildings and structures
Example
The city is known for its beautiful architectural designs.
B2 verb /dæʃ/

dash

Meaning
to move quickly and suddenly; to strike or break something violently
Example
She dashed across the street to catch the bus.
B2 noun ˈbʌtərflaɪ ˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃən

Butterfly Population

Meaning
The total number of butterflies in a particular area or ecosystem.
Example
The butterfly population is declining due to habitat loss.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpætəbl/

compatible

Meaning
Able to exist or work together without conflict; harmonious.
Example
This software is compatible with both Windows and Mac systems.
B2 verb /ˈpɒndər/

ponder

Meaning
to think about something carefully
Example
She pondered over the meaning of the poem.
B2 noun /ˈkænjən/

canyon

Meaning
A deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
Example
The Colorado River carved the Grand Canyon over millions of years.
B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

Meaning
to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge
Example
He confessed his mistake to his teacher.
B2 verb /riːˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

reorganize

Meaning
to arrange something again in a different way for greater efficiency or order
Example
The manager decided to reorganize the team structure.
B2 adjective ˈmɒn.ɪ.tri

monetary

Meaning
Relating to money or currency.
Example
The monetary implications are significant for investors.
B2 noun prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti

prosperity

Meaning
The state of being prosperous; success or wealth.
Example
The country achieved great prosperity during the last decade.
B2 noun /ˈbæŋ.ɡəl/

Bangle

Meaning
a rigid bracelet or anklet worn as jewelry
Example
She wore beautiful gold bangles on her wrists.
B2 noun /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndənt/

superintendent

Meaning
a person who oversees, manages, or directs an organization, building, or project
Example
The superintendent visited the classrooms to check on progress.
B2 noun /krɑk pɑt/

Crock pot

Meaning
an electric cooking pot that cooks food slowly at low temperatures
Example
I put the chicken and vegetables in the crock pot before going to work.
B2 adjective /njuːˈmɛrɪkəl/

numerical

Meaning
relating to or expressed in numbers
Example
The report provides numerical data on population growth.
B2 verb /əˈpɔɪnt/

appoint

Meaning
to choose someone for a job or position
Example
The board will appoint a new director.
B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd

integrated

Meaning
Combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole.
Example
Integrated systems optimize efficiency.
B2 verb /ɪnˈherɪt/

inherit

Meaning
to receive money, property, or characteristics from someone when they die; to acquire from predecessors
Example
She inherited her grandmother's house.
B2 noun /ˈsɛsəmi sidz/

Sesame Seeds

Meaning
small edible seeds from the sesame plant used in cooking and baking
Example
Sprinkle sesame seeds on top of the bread before baking.
B2 adjective /ˈlɪb.ər.əl/

Liberal

Meaning
open-minded; tolerant; generous; progressive in thinking
Example
She has a liberal attitude towards different cultures and beliefs.
B2 noun ˌkɒm.prɪˈhɛn.ʃən

comprehension

Meaning
The ability to understand something; understanding or grasp of knowledge.
Example
Reading improves vocabulary and comprehension skills.
B2 noun /ˈsɪr.i.əs.nəs/

Seriousness

Meaning
the quality of being serious; gravity; importance
Example
The seriousness of the situation became clear when the doctor spoke.
B2 adjective /ˈles.ər/

Lesser

Meaning
smaller in amount; of lower importance; inferior
Example
He chose the lesser of two evils when making his decision.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/

competence

Meaning
the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
Example
Her competence as a manager impressed the board.
B2 adjective /ˈpaʊərləs/

powerless

Meaning
without ability, influence, or strength
Example
She felt powerless against the unfair system.
B2 noun, verb /stɛm/

stem

Meaning
Noun: The main stalk of a plant. Verb: To stop or restrict the flow or development of something.
Example
The gardener cut the stem of the rose; New policies aim to stem the flow of pollution.
B2 noun /stɑːr fɪʃ/

Star fish

Meaning
a marine echinoderm with five or more radiating arms, typically found on the sea floor
Example
The starfish slowly moved across the ocean floor searching for food.
B2 adjective /ˈθʌroʊ/

thorough

Meaning
complete with regard to every detail; not superficial or partial
Example
The report was thorough and well-researched.
B2 adjective /ˈɡrædʒuˌeɪtɪd/

graduated

Meaning
Arranged in steps, levels, or stages; having completed a course of study and received a degree
Example
The scientist used a graduated cylinder to measure the liquid precisely.
B2 verb /səbˈskraɪb/

subscribe

Meaning
to pay to receive a service regularly; to agree with or support something
Example
I subscribe to several online magazines.
B2 adjective /ˈlɔɪ.əl/

Loyal

Meaning
faithful; devoted; trustworthy
Example
He remained loyal to his friends through difficult times.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈsiːn/

Unseen

Meaning
not previously seen or noticed; invisible; hidden
Example
The unseen forces of nature can be very powerful.
B2 adverb /ˈmæn.ju.ə.li/

Manually

Meaning
by hand; using physical effort rather than machines
Example
The data was entered manually into the system.
B2 noun /ˈfæntəsi/

fantasy

Meaning
a creation of the imagination, especially something improbable or impossible
Example
She has a vivid fantasy about traveling to space.
B2 verb /pərˈsiːvd/

perceived

Meaning
to become aware of something through the senses or the mind; to understand or interpret
Example
She perceived a hint of sadness in his voice.
B2 noun /ˈsɜːr.tən.ti/

Certainty

Meaning
firm conviction that something is the case; the quality of being reliably true
Example
We can say with certainty that the project will be completed on time.
B2 verb /ˈʃætər/

shatter

Meaning
To break suddenly into many small pieces.
Example
The glass will shatter if you drop it.
B2 noun, verb /ˈriːteɪl/

retail

Meaning
the sale of goods to the public in small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale
Example
The company specializes in the retail of clothing and accessories.
B2 noun ˈhɑːrvɪstɪŋ

harvesting

Meaning
The process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields or collecting natural resources.
Example
Unregulated harvesting affects the biodiversity of oceans.
B2 noun /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/

migration

Meaning
the movement of people or animals from one place to another, often for better living conditions or seasonal reasons
Example
The annual migration of birds is a fascinating natural event.
B2 verb /briːd/

breed

Meaning
to produce young animals; to reproduce; to keep animals for producing young
Example
They breed horses on their farm.
B2 adjective ˈpeɪn.ləs

painless

Meaning
Not causing pain; involving little effort or stress.
Example
Modern methods ensure painless treatment.
B2 noun /kriːk/

creek

Meaning
a small stream or narrow river
Example
We went fishing by the creek near our house.
B2 adverb /ˌðɛərˈbaɪ/

Thereby

Meaning
as a result of that; by that means
Example
He worked hard and thereby achieved success.
B2 noun /ˈkɒnsənənt/

consonant

Meaning
A speech sound produced by blocking air flow, or a letter representing such a sound.
Example
The word 'cat' has two consonants and one vowel.
B2 noun /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə/

Peninsula

Meaning
a piece of land that is almost completely surrounded by water but connected to the mainland
Example
The Korean Peninsula is located in East Asia.
B2 verb /ɪɡˈzædʒəˌreɪt/

exaggerate

Meaning
to describe something as better, worse, or more important than it really is
Example
He tends to exaggerate his achievements.
B2 verb /ˈdɛzɪɡneɪt/

designate

Meaning
to officially assign, appoint, or indicate something or someone
Example
The committee will designate a new chairperson next week.
B2 adverb /fɔːrθ/

forth

Meaning
forward in place, time, or order
Example
The leader stepped forth to address the crowd.
B2 noun /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs.mənt/

reinforcement

Meaning
Strengthening or supporting something, especially behavior or learning.
Example
Positive reinforcement helps in learning.
B2 noun /ˈbælət/

ballot

Meaning
a process of voting, usually in secret; the paper used to record a vote
Example
Voters cast their ballot in the election.
B2 noun (plural) /skræps/

scraps

Meaning
Small pieces left over from something; also small fights or quarrels.
Example
The dog ate the scraps from the table.
B2 verb /ˈraɪpən/

ripen

Meaning
to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed
Example
The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather.
B2 noun /dwɔːrf/

dwarf

Meaning
a person, animal, or plant much smaller than average
Example
Snow White lived with seven dwarfs.
B2 noun /ˈʃʌv.əl/

Shovel

Meaning
a tool with a broad flat blade and long handle used for digging and moving earth, snow, or other materials
Example
He grabbed a shovel to clear the snow from the driveway.
B2 verb /ɪˈrʌpt/

erupt

Meaning
to burst forth suddenly and violently
Example
The volcano erupted after centuries of dormancy.
B2 noun /ˈpraɪ.vət ˈtuː.tər/

Private tutor

Meaning
a teacher who gives individual instruction to a student outside of regular school
Example
The private tutor helped the student improve his math skills.
B2 adjective + noun ˈɒptɪməl ˈtempərətʃər

optimal temperature

Meaning
The best or most favorable temperature for a particular purpose
Example
Winter provides optimal temperature for farming.
B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl riˈæl.ɪ.ti/

virtual reality

Meaning
Computer technology that creates an artificial three-dimensional environment where users can feel like they are in a real environment.
Example
Virtual reality (VR) is widely used in gaming and training simulations.
B2 noun /ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Dignity

Meaning
the state of being worthy of honor or respect; composure and self-respect
Example
Despite facing hardships, she maintained her dignity throughout the ordeal.
B2 noun /ɡloʊb/

Globe

Meaning
a spherical or rounded object; the earth; a spherical model of the earth
Example
The teacher used a globe to show the students the locations of different countries.
B2 noun /ˈblɒkˌtʃeɪn/

blockchain

Meaning
A system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system
Example
Blockchain technology ensures transparency in financial transactions.
B2 noun /ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm/

activism

Meaning
The policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change.
Example
Her environmental activism inspired many young people to take action.
B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

Meaning
verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute
Example
She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.
B2 noun

Loop

B2 noun /əˈsʌmpʃən/

Assumption

Meaning
a thing that is accepted as true without proof; a supposition
Example
His assumption about the weather proved to be wrong.
B2 adjective /ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/

presidential

Meaning
relating to a president or presidency
Example
The presidential election is scheduled for next month.
B2 noun ˈzɪpərz

zippers

Meaning
A device consisting of two flexible strips of metal or plastic with interlocking projections closed or opened by pulling a slide along them.
Example
Zippers are used to fasten the opening of the jacket.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈɡreɪt.fəl/

Ungrateful

Meaning
not feeling or showing thanks for something done or given; not appreciating kindness
Example
She felt he was ungrateful for all the help she had given him.
B2 adverb /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/

efficiently

Meaning
in a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense
Example
She managed to complete the task efficiently within the deadline.
B2 verb /ˈlaɪtən/

lighten

Meaning
to make something brighter or less dark; to make something less heavy or serious
Example
A joke can lighten the mood during a tense meeting.
B2 noun /sɜːˈveɪ.ləns/

surveillance

Meaning
Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal; continuous watching of a place, person, or situation.
Example
Government agencies conduct surveillance on cyber threats.
B2 noun /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒi/

archaeology

Meaning
the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts, monuments, and other physical remains
Example
She studied archaeology to learn about ancient civilizations.
B2 noun /daɪˈnæmɪks/

dynamics

Meaning
the forces or properties that stimulate growth, development, or change within a system or process
Example
The dynamics of the team changed after the new manager joined.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈækjərət/

Inaccurate

Meaning
not correct; containing errors; wrong
Example
The weather forecast was inaccurate yesterday.
B2 noun /ˈɪntərfeɪs/

interface

Meaning
a point where two systems, subjects, or organizations meet and interact
Example
The user interface is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly.
B2 noun /ˈsiːkər/

seeker

Meaning
a person who is looking for something, especially knowledge or truth
Example
The seeker traveled far to find the answers to his questions.
B2 noun /mɒsk/

mosque

Meaning
A Muslim place of worship.
Example
They gathered at the mosque for the Friday prayer.
B2 adjective /ˈwɪt.i/

Witty

Meaning
having or showing quick intelligence; amusing in a clever way
Example
Her witty response to the critic's question impressed the entire audience.
B2 verb /rɪˈstreɪn/

restrain

Meaning
to hold back or control; to limit or restrict
Example
Please restrain your dog.
B2 noun /ˈkɔːr.əs/

Chorus

Meaning
a large organized group of singers; a part of a song that is repeated after each verse
Example
The school chorus performed beautifully at the annual concert.
B2 noun/verb /bʌk/

buck

Meaning
A male deer; also to resist or oppose strongly.
Example
The horse began to buck wildly as the rider tried to hold on.
B2 verb /piːp/

peep

Meaning
to look quickly or secretly; to make a short high sound
Example
The child tried to peep through the keyhole.
B2 noun /ˈpeɪtrən/

patron

Meaning
a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, or cause
Example
The library is supported by generous patrons.
B2 noun /məˈstɑːʃ/

Moustache

Meaning
hair that grows on the upper lip of men
Example
He grew a thick moustache for the play.
B2 verb /roʊm/

roam

Meaning
to walk or travel without a specific destination; to wander
Example
Wild animals roam freely in the forest.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊloʊ/

solo

Meaning
performed by one person alone; a single performance
Example
She decided to perform a solo dance at the talent show.
B2 noun /ˈɡaɪd.laɪn/

guideline

Meaning
a rule, instruction, or principle that provides direction
Example
The company issued new guidelines for employee safety.
B2 noun /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

willingness

Meaning
the quality of being prepared or ready to do something
Example
Her willingness to help others made her very popular.
B2 noun, verb /bəˈfeɪ/ (noun), /ˈbʌfɪt/ (verb)

buffet

Meaning
A meal where guests serve themselves from a variety of dishes arranged on a table; also means to strike repeatedly (as a verb).
Example
We enjoyed a large buffet at the wedding reception.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuːzi/

choosy

Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective
Example
She is very choosy about the clothes she wears.
B2 noun /ˈæd.və.kət/

Advocate

Meaning
a lawyer who represents clients in court; a person who supports or argues for a cause or policy
Example
The advocate presented strong evidence to defend his client in court.
B2 adverb juːˈnæn.ɪ.məs.li

unanimously

Meaning
With the agreement of all people involved; without opposition.
Example
The proposal was unanimously accepted.
B2 noun /doʊs/

dose

Meaning
a measured amount of a medicine or drug taken at one time
Example
The doctor prescribed one dose of the medicine every six hours.
B2 noun /ˈfjʊr.i/

Fury

Meaning
wild or violent anger; extreme intensity of emotion or activity
Example
His fury was evident when he discovered someone had stolen his bicycle.
B2 noun ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃn

reconstruction

Meaning
The action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed.
Example
The reconstruction project took years.
B2 noun daɪˈlem.ə

dilemma

Meaning
A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives.
Example
She faced a moral dilemma at work.
B2 noun /iːz/

Ease

Meaning
absence of difficulty or effort; comfort and relaxation
Example
After years of practice, she played the piano with great ease.
B2 verb /pliːd/

plead

Meaning
to make an emotional appeal; to present a case in court
Example
She pleaded for mercy.
B2 noun kjuːz

cues

Meaning
Signals or hints from conversation or environment that help understanding
Example
Facial expressions provide cues about a person's emotions.
B2 noun helθ ˈhæzərdz

health hazards

Meaning
Risks or dangers to physical health and well-being that can cause illness or injury.
Example
Plastic usage leads to significant health hazards.
B2 noun əˈbʌndəns

abundance

Meaning
A very large quantity of something; plenty
Example
The abundance of vegetables in winter is remarkable.
B2 noun /ˈdiːlər/

dealer

Meaning
a person or business that buys and sells goods; someone who distributes
Example
The car dealer offered a discount to attract customers.
B2 noun /ˌhɑː.spɪˈtæl.ə.ti/

Hospitality

Meaning
the friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests or strangers
Example
The hotel staff's exceptional hospitality made our vacation truly memorable and enjoyable.
B2 noun steɪks

stakes

Meaning
A strong wooden or metal post with a point at one end, driven into the ground.
Example
The stakes were high for the success of the project.
B2 adjective /dæmp/

damp

Meaning
slightly wet, often in an unpleasant way
Example
The room felt cold and damp after the rain.
B2 noun ˈæsɪd reɪn

acid rain

Meaning
Rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution, especially from industrial emissions.
Example
Acid rain damages crops and buildings.
B2 noun /ˈθɪk.nəs/

thickness

Meaning
The measure of how thick or dense something is
Example
The thickness of the book made it hard to carry.
B2 noun /ˌoʊ.vɚˈkraʊ.dɪŋ/

overcrowding

Meaning
Excessive crowd or packed condition, having more people or vehicles in a place than the approved capacity.
Example
The subway system suffers from severe overcrowding during peak hours.
B2 noun rɪˈpʌb.lɪk

republic

Meaning
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, with an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
Example
A republic is governed by representatives of the people.
B2 noun /ˈpeə.rən.tɪŋ/

parenting

Meaning
The care and training a child receives while growing up, involving the development of their mental, physical, and social aspects.
Example
Effective parenting helps children develop confidence and independence.
B2 noun /iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/

ecology

Meaning
the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment
Example
Ecology helps us understand how pollution affects animals and plants.
B2 noun/verb /ɔːˈdɪʃən/

audition

Meaning
A trial performance by an actor, singer, or musician to demonstrate suitability for a role.
Example
She auditioned for the lead role in the school play.
B2 noun ˈsiːzənəl ˈvedʒtəbəlz

seasonal vegetables

Meaning
Vegetables that grow during specific seasons or times of the year
Example
Seasonal vegetables grow abundantly in winter.
B2 adverb /ʌnˈsɜːrtənli/

uncertainly

Meaning
in a way that shows doubt or lack of certainty
Example
She glanced uncertainly at the complicated instructions.
B2 verb /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/

navigate

Meaning
To plan and direct the route or course of a ship, aircraft, or other form of transport.
Example
The GPS helps navigate complex routes.
B2 verb /dwel/

dwell

Meaning
to live in a place; to think about something for a long time
Example
They dwell in a small cottage by the lake.
B2 noun /ˈbjʊəroʊ/

bureau

Meaning
An office or agency that provides services or manages specific duties.
Example
The travel bureau helped them plan their vacation.
B2 verb /ɪkˈsɛl/

excel

Meaning
to be exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject
Example
She always tries to excel in her studies.
B2 adjective /ˈθɔːtfəl/

thoughtful

Meaning
showing careful consideration or attention
Example
She gave a thoughtful response to every question asked.
B2 adjective/noun /ɪˈrɑːki/

iraqi

Meaning
relating to Iraq or its people
Example
The Iraqi culture is rich and diverse.