siren
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B2 noun /ˈsaɪrən/

siren

Meaning
A device that makes a loud prolonged sound as a signal or warning; in mythology, a creature that lures sailors with enchanting songs.
Example
The police car passed with its siren blaring.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈfeɪ.vər.ə.bəl/

Unfavourable

Meaning
not helpful or advantageous; adverse
Example
The weather conditions were unfavourable for our outdoor event.
C2 verb /kənˈvʌls/

convulse

Meaning
to shake violently; to suffer sudden involuntary contractions
Example
The patient convulsed during the seizure.
A1 noun /noʊz/

nose

Meaning
the part of the face that contains the nostrils and is used for breathing and smelling
Example
He has a sharp nose and can smell things from far away.
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡɒn/

polygon

Meaning
a flat shape with three or more straight sides
Example
The artist drew a colorful polygon on the canvas.
B1 noun /'pʌmp.kɪn/

Pumpkin

Meaning
a large round orange fruit with thick skin and edible flesh
Example
We carved a jack-o'-lantern from a big pumpkin.
B1 adjective /ˈteknɪkəl/

Technical

Meaning
relating to or involving special skills or knowledge; requiring specialized training
Example
The manual contains technical instructions for operating the machine.
A2 noun /ˈnefjuː/

nephew

Meaning
the son of one’s brother or sister
Example
My nephew is studying at the university.
B1 noun ˈsɪs.təmz

systems

Meaning
A set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole.
Example
Effective systems improve productivity.
B2 verb /skwɒʃ/

squash

Meaning
to crush or squeeze something with force so that it becomes flat or broken
Example
She accidentally squashed the bug with her shoe.
B2 adverb /aɪˈrɒnɪkli/

ironically

Meaning
in a way that is contrary to what is expected or intended
Example
Ironically, the fire station burned down.
C2 noun /ˈɪəri/

eyrie

Meaning
the nest of a bird of prey, such as an eagle, typically built high on a cliff or tree
Example
The eagle’s eyrie was perched high on the mountain cliff.
C2 adjective /ˈfɒksi/

foxy

Meaning
Clever, cunning, or attractive.
Example
He came up with a foxy plan to win the game.
A2 noun /ˈkʌm.fərt/

Comfort

Meaning
a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint; relief from distress or anxiety
Example
The soft sofa provided great comfort after a long day at work.
C2 adverb /ˈwɪtɪŋli/

wittingly

Meaning
Consciously and intentionally; on purpose.
Example
He wittingly withheld information from the police.
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈsɛl/

undersell

Meaning
to sell something at a lower price than competitors or to downplay the value of something
Example
The shop undersold its rivals by offering huge discounts.
A1 adverb /əˈweɪ/

Away

Meaning
to or at a distance; not present; absent
Example
He walked away from the noisy crowd.
A1 noun, verb /hɛd/

head

Meaning
The upper part of the human body or to lead or be in charge of something.
Example
She turned her head to look out the window.
B2 noun /ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃən/

imperfection

Meaning
a flaw, defect, or weakness; the state of being imperfect
Example
She accepted her imperfection as part of being human.
A2 noun/verb /ˈkɒntækt/

contact

Meaning
Communication or connection with someone.
Example
You should contact your doctor if symptoms persist.
B2 noun /broʊtʃ/

brooch

Meaning
a decorative jewelry pin that is attached to clothing
Example
She wore a beautiful silver brooch on her jacket.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃeɪn.dʒə.bəl/

Changeable

Meaning
able to be changed; likely to change frequently
Example
The weather is very changeable in spring.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈskɜːsɪv/

excursive

Meaning
Tending to digress or wander; moving away from the main subject.
Example
His excursive lecture left the students confused about the main topic.
A2 verb /triːt/

treat

Meaning
to behave toward someone or something in a particular way
Example
The doctor treated me with great care during my recovery.
C2 adverb /ˈdʒɪndʒərli/

gingerly

Meaning
in a very careful or cautious manner
Example
She walked gingerly on the icy path.
B1 adverb /ʌnˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

Unfortunately

Meaning
used to express regret or disappointment about something
Example
Unfortunately, the weather was bad for our picnic.
B2 verb /əˈstaʊnd/

astound

Meaning
to greatly surprise or amaze someone
Example
The magician's final trick astounded the audience.
B2 adverb /əˈtræktɪvli/

attractively

Meaning
in a pleasing or appealing way; in a manner that draws interest or admiration
Example
The room was attractively decorated with soft lights and plants.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌlməˌneri/

pulmonary

Meaning
relating to the lungs
Example
The patient suffered from a serious pulmonary infection.
C2 noun /ɪkˈsɪʒən/

excision

Meaning
the act of cutting something out, especially by surgical removal
Example
The excision of the infected tissue prevented further complications.
B2 noun /ˈpɜr.mə.nəns/

Permanence

Meaning
the state or quality of lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely; enduring nature
Example
The permanence of the stone monument impressed all visitors.
C2 adjective /juːˈnɪsənənt/

unisonant

Meaning
Sounding together or in harmony.
Example
The unisonant voices created a powerful effect.
B1 adjective /ˌstreɪt ˈfɔːr.wərd/

Straight forward

Meaning
honest and open; not complicated; easy to understand
Example
His explanation was very straightforward and easy to follow.
C1 noun /ˈdrʌdʒəri/

drudgery

Meaning
Hard, menial, or dull work.
Example
She wanted to escape the drudgery of her daily routine.
B2 noun /vɜːrs/

verse

Meaning
A line of writing in poetry; a section of a song or poem.
Example
She wrote a beautiful verse for the wedding ceremony.
C2 noun /dɪsˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

disjunction

Meaning
A lack of connection between things; separation or disunity.
Example
There is a clear disjunction between theory and practice.
A2 noun ˈrɛlətɪvz

Relatives

Meaning
A person connected by blood or marriage; a kinsman or kinswoman.
Example
Relatives can help you build a complete family tree.
C2 adjective /ˈneɪtl/

natal

Meaning
Relating to birth or the place of birth.
Example
She returned to her natal village after many years.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈtɛl/

foretell

Meaning
to predict or announce something before it happens
Example
The old man claimed he could foretell the future.
B1 adjective ˈkrɪtɪkəl

critical

Meaning
Extremely important; at a point of crisis or urgency.
Example
Addressing critical issues in education is imperative.
C1 noun /məˈtɜːrnəti/

Maternity

Meaning
The state of being a mother; motherhood
Example
The hospital has an excellent maternity ward for new mothers.
C2 noun /daɪn/

dyne

Meaning
A unit of force in the centimeter-gram-second (cgs) system equal to 10⁻⁵ newtons.
Example
The physicist measured the force in dynes.
C1 noun /kənˈtentmənt/

contentment

Meaning
a state of happiness and satisfaction with what one has
Example
She felt a deep sense of contentment after helping others.
C1 noun /ɪˈvændʒəlɪst/

evangelist

Meaning
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
Example
The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message.
C1 adverb /əˈtroʊʃəsli/

atrociously

Meaning
in a very cruel, shocking, or extremely bad manner
Example
The service at the restaurant was atrociously slow.
A2 noun /ˈfer.i.teɪl/

Fairy-tale

Meaning
a children's story about magical and imaginary beings and lands
Example
Children love listening to fairy-tales before bedtime.
C2 noun /ˈlɪɡ.ə.tʃər/

ligature

Meaning
A thing used for tying or binding tightly; in music/printing, two or more notes or letters joined together.
Example
The doctor used a ligature to stop the bleeding.
C1 verb /ˈæn.ɛks/

annex

Meaning
To take control of a territory and add it to one's own.
Example
The empire annexed the neighboring kingdom after the war.
C2 noun /ˈkærɪt/

caret

Meaning
A proofreading symbol (^) used to indicate where something should be inserted.
Example
The editor placed a caret to show where the missing word should go.
A2 noun /ˈpoʊɪt/

poet

Meaning
a person who writes poems
Example
The poet wrote about love and nature.
A2 noun /brænd/

brand

Meaning
a type of product manufactured by a company under a particular name
Example
Nike is a popular brand of sportswear.
C1 noun ˌtraɪ.bjuˈnæl əv ˈdʒʌs.tɪs

tribunal of justice

Meaning
A court of justice or judicial body that settles disputes or tries offenses.
Example
The Tribunal of Justice started the hearings promptly.
C1 adjective /ɪˈræʃənəl/

irrational

Meaning
not logical or reasonable; lacking clear thought
Example
His fear of the dark was completely irrational.
B1 noun, verb /ˈɛksˌreɪ/

x-ray

Meaning
a form of electromagnetic radiation used to see inside objects or the human body; to examine or scan using X-rays
Example
The doctor ordered an X-ray to check for a broken bone.
C2 noun /ˌpɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/

peculation

Meaning
The act of embezzling or stealing money, especially from public funds.
Example
The minister resigned after being accused of peculation.
B2 verb /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/

contemplate

Meaning
to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully
Example
She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.
A1 noun /ˈbʌt.ər/

Butter

Meaning
a pale yellow edible fatty substance made by churning cream
Example
He spread butter on his toast for breakfast.
C2 noun ˈɛn.ɡræm

Engram

Meaning
Physical signs or patterns in the brain for memory storage and retrieval
Example
Scientists study engrams to understand how memories are stored.
A1 verb /fiːl/

Feel

Meaning
to experience an emotion or physical sensation; to touch something
Example
I feel happy when I see my friends.
C1 noun /ˈælkəmi/

alchemy

Meaning
A medieval practice combining elements of chemistry and philosophy, aimed at transforming matter, especially turning base metals into gold.
Example
Medieval scientists devoted their lives to alchemy.
C2 noun /əbˈstrʌkʃənɪst/

obstructionist

Meaning
a person who deliberately delays or prevents progress by being uncooperative or oppositional
Example
The obstructionist in the committee kept delaying the decision-making process.
C1 noun /slæb/

slab

Meaning
a large, thick, flat piece of stone, concrete, or other hard material
Example
The workers laid a concrete slab for the foundation.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈækjərət/

Inaccurate

Meaning
not correct; containing errors; wrong
Example
The weather forecast was inaccurate yesterday.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.dɪˈsɪʒ.ən/

Indecision

Meaning
the inability to make decisions quickly; uncertainty about what to do
Example
Her indecision about which job offer to accept caused her to miss both opportunities.
C2 adjective /ˈflæs.ɪd/

Flaccid

Meaning
soft and limp; lacking firmness; drooping
Example
The plant's leaves became flaccid after days without water.
C1 verb /ˈnɛsəl/

nestle

Meaning
to settle or lie comfortably within or against something
Example
The child nestled into her mother's arms.
A1 noun /lɒt/

lot

Meaning
A large number or amount; a group or portion.
Example
She bought a lot of books at the fair.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

Meaning
shaped like a circle; round in form
Example
The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.
B1 noun /ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni/

ceremony

Meaning
A formal event or occasion, often with rituals and traditions.
Example
The graduation ceremony was held in the university hall.
C1 noun /təˈræntjʊlə/

tarantula

Meaning
A large hairy spider found in warm regions.
Example
The tarantula crawled across the desert floor.
B2 noun /kəmˈplek.ʃən/

Complexion

Meaning
the natural color, texture, and appearance of a person's skin, especially on the face
Example
Her fair complexion glowed beautifully in the morning sunlight.
B2 verb /ˈɔːθəraɪz/

authorize

Meaning
to give official permission or approval for something
Example
The manager will authorize the payment tomorrow.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

Meaning
a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group
Example
As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌθɛm/

apothegm

Meaning
A short, witty, and instructive saying or maxim.
Example
His speech was filled with apothegms about life and success.
B2 adjective ˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən.əl

operational

Meaning
In working order; ready for use.
Example
The space project will be operational by 2025.
B2 noun, verb /blæst/

blast

Meaning
a strong gust of wind, an explosion, or a loud sound; to destroy or shatter by explosion
Example
The explosion sent a powerful blast through the building.
C2 verb /beɪt/

bate

Meaning
to lessen or restrain; to diminish the force or intensity of something
Example
He spoke with bated breath as he waited for the result.
B1 adverb /ˈmeɪn.li/

Mainly

Meaning
for the most part; chiefly; primarily
Example
The conference was mainly about environmental protection and climate change.
B2 adjective /ˈfoʊni/

phony

Meaning
not genuine; fraudulent or insincere
Example
He gave a phony smile to hide his true feelings.
B2 verb /ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ/

simplify

Meaning
to make easier to understand or do; to reduce complexity
Example
The teacher simplified the complex equation for the students.
B2 noun /ˈep.ɪk/

Epic

Meaning
a long poem telling of heroic deeds; something heroic or grand in scale
Example
The Iliad is one of the most famous epics in world literature.
B2 adjective /ˈænɪmeɪtɪd/

animated

Meaning
Full of life or excitement; made using animation techniques.
Example
The animated film was loved by children and adults alike.
C2 noun /fiːf/

fief

Meaning
an estate of land held under the feudal system; a domain or area of control
Example
The knight was granted a fief by the lord for his service.
C2 noun /kɪln/

kiln

Meaning
a furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, especially one for firing pottery or bricks
Example
The potter placed the clay pots into the kiln for firing.
B1 noun /ˈbraɪd.ɡrʊm/

Bridegroom

Meaning
a man on his wedding day or just before and after the event
Example
The nervous bridegroom waited at the altar for his bride to arrive.
A1 interjection /baɪ/

bye

Meaning
used to say goodbye; a short and informal farewell
Example
I said bye to her before leaving.
B1 noun rɪˈflɛkʃən

reflection

Meaning
Serious thought or consideration about something.
Example
The reflection of the past filled his heart with sadness.
C1 noun /ˈwɪndfɔːl/

windfall

Meaning
an unexpected piece of good fortune, typically a large amount of money
Example
The startup received a windfall when a major client paid for a full year in advance.
B2 adjective /ˈpeɪ.ə.bəl/

Payable

Meaning
required to be paid; owed as a debt
Example
The amount is payable within thirty days of the invoice date.
C2 noun /laʊt/

lout

Meaning
An uncouth or aggressive man or boy.
Example
The drunken lout caused a scene at the party.
C1 verb /flaʊt/

flout

Meaning
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
Example
The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations.
C2 adjective /ˈtjuːmɪd/

tumid

Meaning
Swollen, enlarged, or pompous in style.
Example
His tumid prose was difficult to read.
A2 noun /wɜːrks/

works

Meaning
the physical or mental effort used to achieve something
Example
Her works have been exhibited in museums worldwide.
C2 noun /ˈlɪtɪɡənt/

litigant

Meaning
a person involved in a lawsuit
Example
The court summoned both litigants for the hearing.
B2 adjective ɪkˈsɛsɪv

excessive

Meaning
More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.
Example
Excessive population growth leads to resource depletion.
B1 adjective /ˈsʌm.wʌt/

Somewhat

Meaning
to some extent; rather; moderately
Example
The movie was somewhat interesting but not great.
B1 noun /kəmˈpɛtɪtər/

competitor

Meaning
a person, team, or company that competes with others
Example
The company lowered its prices to beat its main competitor.
B2 noun /spaʊs/

spouse

Meaning
a person's husband or wife
Example
Each employee may include their spouse in the health insurance plan.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
C2 adjective /kəˈrɛlətɪv/

correlative

Meaning
having a mutual relationship; corresponding
Example
The increase in temperature is correlative with the melting of glaciers.
C2 noun /ˈpɛdənt/

pedant

Meaning
A person who is excessively concerned with minor details or rules, often in a showy way.
Example
The professor was criticized as a pedant who focused too much on trivial details.
B2 noun /ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

organic farming

Meaning
Farming method that avoids synthetic chemicals and fertilizers, using natural methods instead.
Example
Organic farming improves soil health and reduces pollution.
C2 noun /dɪˈpɑːzɪtər/

depositor

Meaning
a person who places money in a bank or financial institution
Example
The bank provides insurance to protect depositors’ funds.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
A2 verb /tʊr/

Tour

Meaning
to travel around a place for pleasure or to perform
Example
The band will tour several cities this summer.
B2 adverb /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbli/

inevitably

Meaning
in a way that cannot be avoided or prevented
Example
Inevitably, the team faced challenges during the project.
B1 adjective /ˈhɑːrmfəl/

Harmful

Meaning
causing or likely to cause harm; damaging
Example
Smoking is harmful to your health.
C1 verb /pɜːrtʃ/

perch

Meaning
To sit or rest on something high or narrow.
Example
The bird perched on the fence.
C1 adjective /dɪˈʃɛvəld/

disheveled

Meaning
Untidy, messy, or in disorder, especially of hair or clothing.
Example
He arrived with disheveled hair and wrinkled clothes.
B1 noun /piːtʃ/

Peach

Meaning
a soft round fruit with fuzzy skin, sweet flesh, and a large pit in the center
Example
The peach was perfectly ripe and juicy when I bit into it.
B2 noun /ˈfriː.kwən.si/

Frequency

Meaning
the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time
Example
The frequency of earthquakes in this region has increased dramatically over the past decade.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːr.i liːvz/

Curry Leaves

Meaning
aromatic leaves from the curry tree used in South Asian cooking
Example
Fresh curry leaves add authentic flavor to Indian dishes.
C2 adjective /ˈəʊ.dər.əs/

Odorous

Meaning
having a strong smell; fragrant; aromatic
Example
The garden was filled with odorous flowers.
C1 noun /ˈpreɪsiː/

precis

Meaning
A concise summary of a text or speech.
Example
The student submitted a précis of the long article.
B1 noun /kruː/

crew

Meaning
A group of people working together, especially on a ship, aircraft, or project.
Example
The ship's crew worked tirelessly during the storm.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʌn.dəns/

Redundance

Meaning
the state of being not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous repetition of information
Example
The document contained redundance that made it unnecessarily long.
A2 noun /ˈdɒŋ.ki/

Donkey

Meaning
a domesticated animal related to the horse, with long ears and a braying call
Example
The donkey carried heavy bags up the mountain.
C1 adjective /bɪˈnaɪn/

benign

Meaning
Gentle, kind, or not harmful (especially of a disease or tumor).
Example
The doctor assured her that the tumor was benign.
B1 verb /fəʊld/

fold

Meaning
to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part covers another
Example
She folded the letter neatly before placing it in the envelope.
A2 noun/verb /ˈsɜːrkəl/

circle

Meaning
a round shape; to move all the way around something
Example
The children sat in a circle.
C1 adjective /ˈbækˌhændɪd/

backhanded

Meaning
Indirect or sarcastic, often appearing as praise but actually insulting.
Example
She gave him a backhanded compliment about his work.