C1 verb /sɪft/

sift

Meaning

to separate or sort through carefully, often using a sieve or by examining closely

Example

She sifted the flour before adding it to the cake mixture.

C2 noun /ˌɑːbdʒərˈɡeɪʃən/

objurgation

Meaning

a harsh scolding or strong rebuke

Example

His misconduct earned him a severe objurgation from the manager.

B2 verb /əkˈsɛləreɪt/

accelerate

Meaning

to increase speed or make something happen sooner

Example

The driver accelerated to overtake the truck.

C1 verb /daɪˈvɜːrdʒ/

diverge

Meaning

to separate and go in different directions; to differ

Example

The two paths diverge at the fork in the road.

C2 noun /ˈrɛtɪnjuː/

retinue

Meaning

A group of attendants or followers accompanying an important person.

Example

The king entered the hall followed by his retinue.

B2 noun /ˈɔːrnəmənt/

ornament

Meaning

A decorative object that adds beauty to something.

Example

The Christmas tree was decorated with colorful ornaments.

B1 noun ˈbreɪvəri

bravery

Meaning

Courageous behavior or character; the quality of being brave.

Example

The bravery of our soldiers is unforgettable.

B2 noun /raɪˈnɒs.ər.əs/

Rhinoceros

Meaning

a large, heavy animal with thick skin and one or two horns on its nose

Example

The rhinoceros charged through the grassland.

C2 noun /vɜːrv/

verve

Meaning

Great enthusiasm, spirit, or energy in expression or performance.

Example

The actor performed his role with remarkable verve.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃiːzi/

cheesy

Meaning

tacky, overly sentimental, or cheap in quality

Example

The movie was funny but a bit too cheesy.

A2 noun breɪn

brain

Meaning

The organ inside the head that controls thought, memory, feelings, and activity

Example

The brain can only focus on one thing at a time.

B1 noun prɪˈven.ʃən

prevention

Meaning

The action of stopping something from happening or arising.

Example

Prevention of fascism ensures democracy.

C2 noun /ɡɜːrθ/

girth

Meaning

the measurement around the middle of something, especially a person's waist or a tree trunk

Example

The tree's girth measured nearly five feet.

C2 adjective /ˌpluːˈpɜːrfɪkt/

pluperfect

Meaning

a verb tense expressing an action completed before another past action

Example

By the time she arrived, he had finished his homework, showing the pluperfect tense.

C1 verb /ˈprɒfər/

proffer

Meaning

to offer something for acceptance; to present

Example

She proffered her hand as a sign of friendship.

C1 noun ˌnɒn.kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən

non-cooperation

Meaning

The practice of refusing to cooperate, especially as a form of protest.

Example

The non-cooperation movement gained momentum.

B1 adjective /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbəl/

Unbelievable

Meaning

impossible to believe; extremely surprising or remarkable

Example

The magician's performance was absolutely unbelievable.

C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

Meaning

A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.

Example

She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.

B2 noun /əbˈzɜːvər/

observer

Meaning

a person who watches or notices something

Example

The observer took notes during the meeting.

B2 adjective /æpt/

apt

Meaning

Appropriate or suitable; having a natural tendency or quick to learn.

Example

She is an apt student who quickly understands new concepts.

A2 adverb /ˈsʌm.taɪm/

sometime

Meaning

at a time that is not known or stated; occasionally

Example

Let's meet for coffee sometime next week.

A2 noun /maɪl/

mile

Meaning

a unit of distance equal to 1,609.34 meters; a long distance figuratively

Example

She walked a mile to reach the bus stop.

C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

Meaning

dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization

Example

Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.

B2 adjective /ˈsel.jə.lər/

Cellular

Meaning

relating to cells; consisting of cells; relating to mobile phone technology

Example

Cellular technology has revolutionized communication.

B2 noun /ˈɡleɪʃər/

glacier

Meaning

a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land

Example

The glacier is slowly melting due to climate change.

A1 adjective/noun /fɔːrθ/

fourth

Meaning

Constituting number four in a sequence; coming after the third in position.

Example

He finished in fourth place in the race.

B2 noun ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti

sensitivity

Meaning

The quality or condition of being sensitive; responsiveness to stimuli.

Example

Bose proved plant sensitivity through experiments.

C2 verb /ˈdʌmfaʊnd/

dumbfound

Meaning

to greatly astonish or shock someone so they are temporarily speechless

Example

The magician's trick dumbfounded the audience.

C2 adjective /bɪˈhoʊldən/

beholden

Meaning

indebted or obliged to someone for a service or help

Example

He felt beholden to his mentor for all the guidance.

B1 adverb /ˈpɑrtli/

Partly

Meaning

to some extent; not completely; in part

Example

The weather was partly cloudy today.

C2 adjective /ˈæpəzɪt/

apposite

Meaning

highly appropriate or relevant to what is being discussed

Example

Her remark was particularly apposite to the situation.

C1 verb /aɪˈdiː.ə.laɪz/

idealize

Meaning

To regard or represent something as perfect or better than it really is.

Example

Children often idealize their parents.

C2 noun brəˈvɑː.dəʊ

bravado

Meaning

Show of courage or confidence that is not real.

Example

His bravado masked his nervousness before the performance.

B2 verb /rɪˈtriːt/

retreat

Meaning

to move back or withdraw from a position or situation

Example

The soldiers had to retreat after losing the battle.

B1 noun, verb /ˈlaɪsəns/

license

Meaning

A legal permission to do something (noun); to grant such permission (verb).

Example

You must have a driving license to operate a car legally.

C1 noun /ˈɑn.set/

Onset

Meaning

the beginning or early stages of something; the start of a medical condition

Example

The onset of winter brought heavy snowfall.

C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

Meaning

Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.

Example

The soil is very porous and drains quickly.

C1 noun /ˈsiːskeɪp/

seascape

Meaning

A view or painting of the sea.

Example

The artist painted a beautiful seascape at sunset.

C1 noun /səˈbraɪəti/

sobriety

Meaning

the state of being sober; self-restraint and seriousness

Example

He has maintained his sobriety for five years.

B1 noun /dɪˈmænd/

Demand

Meaning

an urgent request; the desire of consumers for goods or services

Example

The demand for organic food has increased significantly in recent years.

C1 adjective /ˈɒptɪk/

optic

Meaning

Relating to the eye or vision.

Example

The optic nerve carries signals from the eye to the brain.

B2 adjective /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

Distinguished

Meaning

notable; honored; famous; having a dignified appearance or manner

Example

He is a distinguished professor at the university.

B1 verb /stæmp/

stamp

Meaning

To bring down (one's foot) heavily on the ground; to imprint a mark or seal.

Example

She stamped her foot in frustration.

C2 noun /ˈrɛk.tɪ.tjuːd/

rectitude

Meaning

Morally correct behavior or thinking; righteousness and integrity.

Example

His rectitude earned him respect in society.

C2 adjective /ˈdʌktaɪl/

ductile

Meaning

capable of being stretched into a thin wire without breaking; easily influenced

Example

Gold is a very ductile metal.

C1 noun /ˈæntənɪm/

antonym

Meaning

A word opposite in meaning to another.

Example

‘Hot’ is the antonym of ‘cold’.

C2 noun /ˈkoʊ.tə.ri/

coterie

Meaning

a small, exclusive group of people with shared interests

Example

He belonged to a coterie of artists who met every Friday.

C2 noun /ˈkwɪzlɪŋ/

quisling

Meaning

A traitor who collaborates with an enemy force occupying their country.

Example

During the war, he was branded a quisling for aiding the invaders.

C2 noun /əˈreɪ.bi.ən ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Arabian Jasmine

Meaning

A fragrant white flower native to South and Southeast Asia, commonly used in perfumes and religious ceremonies

Example

The Arabian jasmine filled the garden with its sweet fragrance.

A2 noun /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/

challenges

Meaning

Difficult tasks or situations that test someone's abilities or resources.

Example

Overcoming challenges is the key to personal growth.

B2 verb /ɪmˈpaʊər/

empower

Meaning

To give someone the power or authority to do something; to make someone stronger or more confident.

Example

Education can empower people to improve their lives.

C2 noun /luːn/

lune

Meaning

A crescent-shaped figure formed by two intersecting arcs; also means 'moon' in French.

Example

The mathematician studied the properties of the lune.

A2 noun /ˈbʊkstɔːr/

bookstore

Meaning

a shop where books are sold

Example

She spent an entire afternoon browsing in the bookstore.

A2 noun, verb /ʃɒt/

shot

Meaning

a single attempt to hit something, usually with a weapon or a ball

Example

He took a shot at the goal.

C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvərənt/

irreverent

Meaning

showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected

Example

The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience.

C1 adjective /koʊˈɪnsɪdənt/

coincident

Meaning

Occurring at the same time; occupying the same position in space or time.

Example

The festival was coincident with the national holiday.

C1 verb /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/

solidify

Meaning

To make something firm, strong, or more certain.

Example

The company solidified its position in the market.

B2 noun ɪˈmjuː.nɪ.ti

immunity

Meaning

The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies.

Example

A strong immunity protects against infections.

C2 adjective /ˈhæriːd/

harried

Meaning

feeling strained or stressed due to being overworked or constantly bothered

Example

The harried teacher struggled to calm the noisy classroom.

A2 noun /ˈɛləˌveɪtər/

elevator

Meaning

a machine that carries people or goods up and down between floors in a building

Example

We took the elevator to the tenth floor.

C1 noun /frɪˈvɒləti/

frivolity

Meaning

Lack of seriousness; silly or trivial behavior.

Example

The teacher discouraged frivolity during the exam.

C2 noun/verb /ˈkɜːrtsi/

curtsy

Meaning

a respectful bow made by women by bending the knees with one foot in front of the other

Example

She gave a quick curtsy before leaving the stage.

B2 noun /ˈaʊt.laɪn/

Outline

Meaning

a general description or plan showing the essential features of something; the main points

Example

The teacher provided an outline of the course syllabus.

C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

Meaning

to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change

Example

The protesters agitated for better working conditions.

A2 verb /bɪˈlɒŋ/

belong

Meaning

to be in the right place or to be a member of a group

Example

She felt she truly belonged to the team.

A2 noun /ˈkɒmədi/

comedy

Meaning

A type of entertainment that is intended to make people laugh.

Example

We watched a hilarious comedy at the theater.

B2 noun /ˈnoʊ.ʃən/

Notion

Meaning

a conception or belief about something; an idea or opinion

Example

She had a strange notion that someone was following her.

C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪstɪv/

resistive

Meaning

tending to resist or oppose; in physics, relating to electrical resistance

Example

The material has resistive properties that slow down current flow.

C1 noun /ˌænəsˈθetɪk/

anesthetic

Meaning

A substance that causes loss of sensation or consciousness, especially used during surgery.

Example

The doctor administered a local anesthetic before stitching the wound.

A2 verb /oʊˈbeɪ/

obey

Meaning

to follow orders or instructions; to comply with rules

Example

Children should obey their parents and teachers.

C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

Meaning

Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.

Example

She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.

A2 adjective /ˈfɔːrməl/

formal

Meaning

done in accordance with rules of convention or etiquette; official or serious in nature

Example

He wore a formal suit to the wedding.

B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

Meaning

combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other

Example

The two partners have complementary skills.

B2 verb /dɪˈtætʃ/

detach

Meaning

to separate or remove something from something else

Example

She detached the page from the notebook.

B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

Meaning

incomplete; showing bias or prejudice

Example

The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.

C2 noun /ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

Irruption

Meaning

a sudden violent entry; an invasion or raid; a sudden outburst or eruption

Example

The army's irruption into enemy territory caught the opposing forces completely off guard.

B2 noun /ˈrɪə.lɪ.zəm/

realism

Meaning

The quality of representing things as they are; a practical or factual view.

Example

Her paintings are admired for their realism.

C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

Meaning

To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.

Example

Years of hard work culminated in his success.

C2 noun /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndrɪæk/

hypochondriac

Meaning

a person who is excessively worried about having a serious illness

Example

She is a hypochondriac who visits the doctor every week.

C2 verb /ˈpɜːrdʒər/

perjure

Meaning

To knowingly tell a lie in a court of law after swearing to tell the truth.

Example

He was accused of trying to perjure himself during the trial.

B2 adjective /ˈsiː.z ə n.əl/

Seasonal

Meaning

relating to or occurring in a particular season; changing according to the seasons

Example

Many businesses hire seasonal workers during the holidays.

B2 noun /ˈkɒŋɡrɛs/

congress

Meaning

a formal meeting or assembly, especially of representatives for discussion

Example

The international congress on climate change will be held next year.

B2 verb /prɪˈzjuːm/

presume

Meaning

To suppose something is true without proof; to take for granted.

Example

I presume she has already left for the meeting.

C1 noun /fɔːn/

Fawn

Meaning

a young deer; a light yellowish-brown color

Example

The mother deer protects her fawn from predators.

B1 noun hoʊm əˈplaɪ.ənsɪz

home appliances

Meaning

Electrical devices and machines used in households for daily tasks and convenience.

Example

Modern home appliances enhance convenience.

B2 verb, noun, adjective /ˈtɛndər/

tender

Meaning

to offer formally; soft and delicate in texture or character; a formal offer or proposal

Example

The company tendered its resignation to the board.

A1 noun ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ

language

Meaning

A method of communication used by humans, consisting of spoken and written words structured in specific ways.

Example

Learning a new language can be exciting.

C1 verb /ɪnˈkɜːr/

incur

Meaning

To bring upon oneself something undesirable, usually as a result of actions.

Example

He incurred a fine for parking in the wrong place.

C1 verb /rɪˈbjuːk/

rebuke

Meaning

to criticize or scold sharply; to express disapproval

Example

The teacher had to rebuke the student for cheating.

B2 noun /ˈfrɛʃnəs/

freshness

Meaning

The quality of being new, clean, and full of energy.

Example

The freshness of the morning air made everyone feel alive.

C2 verb /ˈwɔːbəl/

warble

Meaning

To sing or whistle with a quavering voice or with trills.

Example

The bird warbled a sweet tune in the morning.

C2 verb /ɪnˈkæmp/

encamp

Meaning

to set up or establish a camp

Example

The soldiers encamped near the river for the night.

C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

Meaning

Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.

Example

The child grew peevish when denied candy.

C2 noun /ˈfɔːrkɔːrt/

forecourt

Meaning

an open area in front of a large building, especially a petrol station or hotel

Example

The car was parked in the hotel forecourt.

C1 adjective ˈtæktɪkəl

tactical

Meaning

Relating to or constituting actions carefully planned to gain a specific military or political end.

Example

Tactical thinking is crucial in business negotiations.

C2 adjective /ɔːˈrɪfərəs/

auriferous

Meaning

Containing or producing gold.

Example

The miners discovered an auriferous vein in the mountains.

C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

Meaning

neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized

Example

Everything was shipshape before the inspection.

C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

Meaning

using too many words; tediously lengthy

Example

The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.

B1 verb /bʌmp/

bump

Meaning

To hit something or someone by accident; to knock against something.

Example

He accidentally bumped into the door.

C1 verb ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt

eradicate

Meaning

To destroy completely; to put an end to something undesirable.

Example

Vaccination programs help eradicate infectious diseases.

C1 adverb /ˈnoʊɪŋli/

knowingly

Meaning

in a way that shows you are aware of something; intentionally

Example

She knowingly kept the secret from her friends.

B1 noun /əˈsɛmbli/

assembly

Meaning

a group of people gathered together for a common purpose or the act of putting parts together to form something

Example

The school held an assembly to discuss the new rules.

C1 adjective /ˈpraɪ.məl/

primal

Meaning

Relating to the earliest stage of development; essential or fundamental.

Example

Fear is one of the most primal emotions humans experience.

B2 adjective /ˈskɛptɪkəl/

skeptical

Meaning

not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations

Example

She was skeptical about the new plan.

B1 noun /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ or /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪks/

economics

Meaning

The study of production, consumption, and transfer of wealth.

Example

He is studying economics at university.

B2 noun /ˈʃɔːrt.kʌm.ɪŋ/

Shortcoming

Meaning

a fault or failure to meet a certain standard; a deficiency

Example

Despite his many talents, he has some shortcomings.

C1 adjective /ˈskeɪ.li/

Scaly

Meaning

covered with scales; having a rough surface like scales

Example

The fish has scaly skin.

C1 noun /ˈleɪ.dəl/

Ladle

Meaning

a large deep spoon with a long handle, used for serving soup or other liquids

Example

Use the ladle to serve the hot soup into bowls.

C2 verb /rɪˈvaɪl/

revile

Meaning

to criticize in an abusive or angrily insulting manner

Example

The politician was reviled by the public for his corruption.

C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

Meaning

pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities

Example

They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.

B2 adjective æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs

ambiguous

Meaning

Having more than one possible meaning; unclear or vague.

Example

His statement was too ambiguous to understand.

C1 verb /skwɪnt/

squint

Meaning

to look with partly closed eyes

Example

She squinted at the bright sunlight.

C2 adjective /ɔːˈɡʌst/

august

Meaning

Respected and impressive; inspiring reverence or admiration.

Example

The king entered the hall with an august presence.

B2 adjective/noun /ɪˈrɑːki/

iraqi

Meaning

relating to Iraq or its people

Example

The Iraqi culture is rich and diverse.

C2 noun /ˈkaʊntɪŋˌhaʊs/

counting-house

Meaning

a business office where accounts are kept and financial transactions are managed

Example

The merchant spent most of his day in the counting-house reviewing ledgers.

C2 noun ˈnjʊə.rəʊ ˌfiːd.bæk

neurofeedback

Meaning

A technique that uses real-time displays of brain activity to teach self-regulation of brain function.

Example

Neurofeedback enhances cognitive performance and relaxation.

B2 adjective /ˈɡɪf.tɪd/

Gifted

Meaning

having exceptional talent or ability; talented;

Example

She is a gifted musician who plays multiple instruments.

B2 noun /ˈɡeɪt.weɪ/

Gateway

Meaning

an entrance or opening that provides access to a place; a means of achieving a particular state or condition

Example

The ancient stone gateway served as the entrance to the magnificent palace.

C1 verb /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

supersede

Meaning

To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.

Example

This new law will supersede the old regulations.

B1 adverb /ˈdiːp.li/

Deeply

Meaning

to a great depth; intensely; profoundly

Example

She breathed deeply before making her decision.

B1 verb /dɪˈpɛndɪŋ/

depending

Meaning

Being contingent on or influenced by something.

Example

The success of the plan is depending on the team's effort.