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C1 noun /ˈseɪɑːns/

seance

Meaning
A meeting where people attempt to communicate with the spirits of the dead.
Example
They held a seance to contact their late grandmother.
C2 noun /ˌɪmbəˈsɪləti/

imbecility

Meaning
Extreme foolishness, stupidity, or weakness of mind.
Example
The plan was abandoned due to its sheer imbecility.
C2 adjective /ˌɛfləˈrɛsənt/

efflorescent

Meaning
in the process of blooming or flourishing
Example
The efflorescent trees made the park look beautiful.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈbʌstəbl/

incombustible

Meaning
Not capable of catching fire or burning.
Example
This material is incombustible and safe for construction.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊtəbl/

notable

Meaning
worthy of attention or notice; remarkable
Example
She made a notable contribution to the project.
A2 adjective /ˈɪn.dɔːr/

indoor

Meaning
situated, occurring, or used inside a building
Example
Indoor plants can improve air quality at home.
C2 noun, verb /ɡəˈrɒt/

garrote

Meaning
A method of execution by strangulation, or to strangle someone with a cord or wire.
Example
The assassin attempted to garrote his target in the alley.
C1 noun ˈdɛtrɪ.mənt

detriment

Meaning
Harm, damage, impairment.
Example
Smoking is a detriment to health.
C2 noun /ˈmoʊlər/

molar

Meaning
A large tooth at the back of the mouth used for grinding food.
Example
The dentist had to extract his wisdom molar.
B1 noun ˈtʊə.nə.mənt

tournament

Meaning
A series of contests between a number of competitors, competing for an overall prize.
Example
The tournament showcased exceptional talent.
B2 adverb /ˈlaɪk.waɪz/

Likewise

Meaning
in the same way; also; similarly
Example
She studied hard for the exam, and her brother did likewise.
A1 verb /bɪˈliːv/

believe

Meaning
to think that something is true; to have faith in
Example
I believe in hard work and dedication.
B1 verb /ʃuːt/

shoot

Meaning
to fire a bullet or arrow from a weapon; to take a photograph or film
Example
He learned how to shoot a bow and arrow.
C2 verb /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛs/

convalesce

Meaning
to recover health and strength after illness or medical treatment
Example
After the surgery, she spent several weeks convalescing at home.
C1 adjective /kəˈlæpsəbl̩/

collapsible

Meaning
able to be folded down or reduced in size
Example
She bought a collapsible chair for camping.
A1 interjection /hɑː/

ha

Meaning
used to express amusement, surprise, or triumph
Example
Ha! I knew you couldn’t resist joining us.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪnəri/

vinery

Meaning
A place where vines are cultivated, especially a vineyard or greenhouse for vines.
Example
The old vinery was filled with grapevines.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈfaɪnd/

unrefined

Meaning
not processed or purified; lacking polish or sophistication
Example
The unrefined oil must be processed before it can be used as fuel.
C2 adjective /dɪˈspjuːtəbl/

Disputable

Meaning
open to debate or argument; questionable
Example
The facts in the case are disputable and need further investigation.
C2 noun /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnʃən/

reprehension

Meaning
The act of rebuking or criticizing severely.
Example
The teacher’s reprehension of the student’s behavior was justified.
C1 noun /ˈpriː.tekst/

Pretext

Meaning
a reason given in justification of a course of action that is not the real reason
Example
He used illness as a pretext to avoid the meeting.
B2 verb /ˈæktɪveɪt/

activate

Meaning
to make something start or function
Example
She pressed the button to activate the machine.
B1 adjective /ˈfəʊkəst/

focused

Meaning
Directing a great deal of attention or effort toward a particular activity, situation, or person.
Example
Staying focused during work hours enhances productivity.
B2 noun /ˈkɒm.pɒ.stɪŋ/

composting

Meaning
The process of recycling organic waste into fertile fertilizer.
Example
Composting reduces waste and enhances soil fertility.
C2 adjective /səˈɡeɪ.ʃəs/

sagacious

Meaning
Having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment; wise.
Example
His sagacious leadership saved the company from failure.
C2 noun /əˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃən/

agglomeration

Meaning
A mass or collection of things, sometimes clustered together.
Example
The city is an agglomeration of diverse cultures and communities.
B1 adverb /ˈpɜː.mə.nənt.li/

permanently

Meaning
in a way that lasts or remains unchanged for a long time or forever
Example
She moved to the city permanently after finishing her studies.
C2 noun /kəˈdɛnzə/

cadenza

Meaning
An elaborate solo passage in a piece of music, usually near the end.
Example
The pianist performed a brilliant cadenza before the final movement.
C1 noun ˈæŋkərɪdʒ

anchorage

Meaning
A secure holding place; a place where ships can anchor safely.
Example
The boat was anchored near the shore for safety.
C2 adjective /əˈmɔːrfəs/

amorphous

Meaning
Lacking a clear shape or form; without a defined structure.
Example
The plan remained amorphous and lacked concrete details.
C2 noun /mɪˈsɑːdʒɪnɪst/

misogynist

Meaning
A person who dislikes, despises, or is strongly prejudiced against women.
Example
Many condemned his speech as the words of a misogynist.
B2 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn/

sideline

Meaning
An activity done in addition to one's main job or area of work.
Example
The sideline discussions led to mutual understanding.
C2 adjective /əˈɡɒɡ/

agog

Meaning
Highly excited by eagerness, curiosity, or anticipation.
Example
The children were agog with excitement as they waited for the magician to appear.
B2 adjective ˈræd.ɪ.kəl

radical

Meaning
Capable of bringing fundamental changes opposite to conventional beliefs or systems.
Example
The leader proposed radical economic reforms.
C2 adjective /ˌfoʊtoʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

photoelectric

Meaning
relating to the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a material
Example
The photoelectric effect is fundamental in solar panels.
B1 noun/verb /ˈmætərz/

matters

Meaning
important topics, concerns, or issues; as a verb, to be of importance or significance
Example
What she thinks really matters to me.
C2 noun /ˈbɛnɪsən/

benison

Meaning
A blessing or benefit.
Example
The rain was a benison for the drought-stricken farmers.
B2 noun /kwest/

Quest

Meaning
a journey or search for something; an adventure to achieve a goal
Example
The knight embarked on a quest to find the legendary treasure.
B1 verb /əˈtʃiːv/

achieve

Meaning
to successfully bring about or reach a desired goal or result
Example
She worked hard to achieve her dream of becoming a doctor.
B1 noun /ˈiː.tɪŋ ˈhæb.ɪts/

eating habits

Meaning
A person's usual pattern and preferences in food consumption.
Example
Developing good eating habits leads to better health.
C2 noun /ˌæs.əˈfet.ɪ.də/

Asafoetida

Meaning
a pungent spice derived from the resin of a plant, commonly used in Indian cooking
Example
A pinch of asafoetida adds a distinctive flavor to the lentil curry.
B2 noun /ˈmɔːr.nɪŋ/

Mourning

Meaning
the expression of deep sorrow for someone who has died
Example
The family is in mourning for their grandmother.
C1 verb /ʌnˈroʊl/

unroll

Meaning
to open something that is rolled up; to spread out gradually
Example
She unrolled the map on the table to find the route.
C2 noun /ˈhɒdʒ.pɒdʒ/

hodgepodge

Meaning
A confusing mixture of different things; a jumble.
Example
The essay was a hodgepodge of unrelated ideas.
B2 verb /siːz/

seize

Meaning
To take hold of suddenly and forcibly.
Example
The police managed to seize the stolen goods.
C2 noun /ˌdeɪnuːˈmɒ̃/

denouement

Meaning
The final resolution or conclusion of a story, drama, or complicated situation.
Example
The novel's denouement was both surprising and satisfying.
B2 noun /ˈtɪmbər/

timber

Meaning
wood prepared for use in building and carpentry
Example
The house was built entirely from local timber.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/

substantive

Meaning
Having a firm basis in reality; important, meaningful, or considerable.
Example
The company made substantive changes to its policy.
C1 adjective + noun ˈfeɪvərəbəl klaɪˈmætɪk kənˈdɪʃənz

favorable climatic conditions

Meaning
Weather conditions that are suitable and beneficial for growth or development
Example
Winter offers favorable climatic conditions for farming.
C2 noun /kəˈdʒoʊləri/

cajolery

Meaning
Flattering or coaxing talk intended to persuade someone.
Example
Through cajolery, he convinced his boss to grant him a raise.
C2 noun /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/

vicissitude

Meaning
A natural change or succession of one thing to another; the ups and downs of life.
Example
The vicissitude of life often teaches resilience.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛstɪˈlɛnʃəl/

pestilential

Meaning
Relating to or causing pestilence; very harmful, troublesome, or dangerous.
Example
The pestilential smell of the garbage filled the street.
B2 verb ɪˈmɜːdʒɪz

emerges

Meaning
To come forth, appear, or arise from something
Example
A major health crisis emerges from pollution.
B2 noun /ˈɑː.mənd/

Almond

Meaning
edible seed of the almond tree
Example
Almonds are a healthy snack rich in protein and good fats.
B2 noun ˈrɛstɪŋ pleɪs

resting place

Meaning
A place where someone or something rests, especially a burial site.
Example
The resting place of the martyrs is near the river.
C2 noun /leɪð/

lathe

Meaning
A machine for shaping wood, metal, or other material by rotating it against a cutting tool.
Example
The carpenter used a lathe to shape the wooden bowl.
C1 noun /ɪˈmɜː.ʃən/

immersion

Meaning
Complete engagement in an environment or experience.
Example
Immersion in VR games makes users feel like they are inside the virtual world.
A1 adjective /braʊn/

Brown

Meaning
having the color of earth or wood; dark colored
Example
She has beautiful brown eyes that sparkle in the sunlight.
B2 verb /ɪmˈbɑːrkɪŋ/

embarking

Meaning
Beginning a journey or enterprise.
Example
The group is embarking on a long journey.
C2 noun (plural) /maɪˈnjuːʃiiː/

minutiae

Meaning
the small, precise, or trivial details of something
Example
The lawyer focused on the minutiae of the contract.
A2 adjective /smuːð/

Smooth

Meaning
having an even surface; without difficulties; flowing easily
Example
The road was smooth and comfortable to drive on.
B1 noun /əˈtæʧmənt/

attachment

Meaning
a strong feeling of affection or connection
Example
The attachment he felt to his hometown was undeniable.
C2 adjective /haɪˈbɜːrnəl/

hibernal

Meaning
Relating to or occurring in winter.
Example
The hibernal season is often harsh in the mountains.
C2 noun /ˈluːkər/

lucre

Meaning
money, especially when regarded as sordid or gained dishonorably
Example
He was motivated more by lucre than by duty.
B2 adjective ˌpriːhɪˈstɒrɪk

prehistoric

Meaning
Belonging to the time before written records.
Example
The prehistoric era was marked by the rise of early humans.
C1 adjective ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl

inexhaustible

Meaning
Unable to be used up or worn out; limitless.
Example
His inexhaustible energy allowed him to work tirelessly on his projects.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛntəˈveɪlənt/

pentavalent

Meaning
Having a valence of five, especially in chemistry.
Example
Phosphorus can exist in a pentavalent state.
C2 noun /ɑːlˈfækʃən/

olfaction

Meaning
The sense of smell; the process of detecting and perceiving odors.
Example
Dogs have a highly developed sense of olfaction.
B2 noun /ˈter.ər/

Terror

Meaning
extreme fear; the use of violence and intimidation for political aims
Example
The loud explosion filled everyone with terror.
B2 noun /ˈeɪ.prɪ.kɒt/

Apricot

Meaning
a small orange-colored fruit with a soft skin and sweet flesh
Example
The apricot tree produces sweet fruit in summer.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒn.keɪv/

concave

Meaning
curved inward like the inside of a bowl
Example
The mirror had a concave surface that magnified her reflection.
B2 noun, verb /ˈɑːrkaɪv/

archive

Meaning
A collection of historical documents or records; to store or preserve information for future use.
Example
The library decided to archive all the old manuscripts.
C1 noun /ˈdʒækˌfruːt/

Jackfruit

Meaning
a large tropical fruit with a spiky exterior and sweet flesh inside
Example
The jackfruit is the largest tree fruit in the world.
B2 noun /sɪˈver.ə.ti/

Severity

Meaning
the quality of being extremely serious or harsh; intensity of something bad
Example
The severity of the storm caused widespread damage across the city.
C2 noun /ˈnæfθə/

naphtha

Meaning
A flammable oil containing hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum or coal tar, used as fuel or solvent.
Example
The factory stored barrels of naphtha for industrial use.
C2 verb /trænzˈmjuːt/

transmute

Meaning
to change in form, nature, or substance
Example
Alchemy aimed to transmute lead into gold.
C2 verb /ˌfɔːrɔːrˈdeɪn/

foreordain

Meaning
to determine or decree something in advance; to predestine
Example
Some believe that our lives are foreordained by fate.
C1 verb /ˈlɔːndər/

launder

Meaning
to wash clothes, linens, etc.; or to conceal the origins of money obtained illegally
Example
She laundered all the dirty clothes on Sunday.
C2 adjective /mɛnˈdeɪʃəs/

mendacious

Meaning
not telling the truth; lying
Example
The politician was known for his mendacious statements.
B1 noun/verb /ˌɡærənˈtiː/

guarantee

Meaning
a formal promise or assurance, especially about the quality or durability of a product
Example
The company guarantees a refund if the product is faulty.
C1 noun ɪɡˌzæs.pəˈreɪ.ʃən

exasperation

Meaning
Extreme irritation or frustration.
Example
He sighed in exasperation after hearing the same excuse again.
B1 verb /kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ/

continuing

Meaning
to keep doing something without stopping
Example
They are continuing their journey despite the rain.
B2 noun /ˈwɪd.oʊ.ər/

Widower

Meaning
a man whose wife has died and who has not married again
Example
The elderly widower lived alone but had regular visits from his children.
C2 verb /ˈtʃɔːrtl/

chortle

Meaning
to laugh in a breathy, gleeful way
Example
The audience chortled at the comedian's witty remarks.
C2 noun /ˈfetiʃ/

fetich

Meaning
an object believed to have magical powers or to be inhabited by a spirit
Example
The villagers treated the statue as a powerful fetich.
B2 noun ˈvaɪtəl rɪˈsɔːrsɪz

vital resources

Meaning
Essential assets or supplies that are crucial for survival and development.
Example
Water is one of Bangladesh's vital resources.
A1 numeral /θriː/

three

Meaning
the number equivalent to the sum of two and one
Example
She has three dogs at home.
A1 preposition, conjunction, adverb /ˈæftər/

after

Meaning
in the time following an event or another action
Example
We went for ice cream after the movie.
C2 adjective /ˈθrɛdˌbɛr/

threadbare

Meaning
Worn out and thin from too much use; shabby.
Example
His threadbare coat could not keep him warm in winter.
B2 verb /əˈmend/

amend

Meaning
to make changes or corrections to improve something; to modify
Example
They amended the contract to include new terms.
C1 noun /fiˈæs.koʊ/

fiasco

Meaning
a complete failure, especially a ludicrous or humiliating one
Example
The event turned into a complete fiasco due to poor planning.
C1 noun /fɪˈnɛs/

finesse

Meaning
Subtlety and skill; refinement and delicacy in performance or artistry.
Example
The artist painted with great finesse.
B1 preposition/adverb /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

according

Meaning
As stated by or in agreement with.
Example
According to the report, sales increased last quarter.
C2 noun /ɪnˈkʌmbrəns/

encumbrance

Meaning
a burden or obstacle that makes progress or movement difficult
Example
Debt can become a serious encumbrance in life.
B2 noun /haɪˈiː.nə/

Hyena

Meaning
a wild animal of Africa and Asia that looks like a dog and makes a sound like laughter
Example
The hyena laughed in the darkness of the night.
C1 noun /ˌæn.ɪˈmɒs.ə.ti/

Animosity

Meaning
strong hostility or dislike; active hatred or ill will
Example
There was clear animosity between the two rival teams.
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəˈnɪmɪti/

pseudonymity

Meaning
the practice or state of using a pseudonym
Example
The author maintained pseudonymity throughout her career.
A2 noun /ˈkær.ɪk.tər/

Character

Meaning
the mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual; a person in a novel, play, or film
Example
She showed great character by helping others during the crisis.
C2 adjective /kəˈnjuːbiəl/

connubial

Meaning
Relating to marriage or the relationship of a married couple.
Example
They celebrated their connubial bliss with a honeymoon trip.
B2 verb /kweɪk/

quake

Meaning
to shake or tremble, often due to fear or a natural event like an earthquake
Example
The ground began to quake during the earthquake.
C1 noun /ˈstaɪpend/

Stipend

Meaning
a fixed regular sum paid as a salary or allowance
Example
The research student receives a monthly stipend for living expenses.
B2 noun /rɪb/

Rib

Meaning
one of the curved bones that protect the chest and lungs
Example
He broke his rib in the accident.
B2 verb /ˌmɪsˈjuːz/

misuse

Meaning
To use something incorrectly or for the wrong purpose.
Example
Misusing social media profiles can harm relationships.
B1 noun /ˈhɛlθˌkɛər/

health-care

Meaning
the organized provision of medical services to maintain or improve health
Example
Access to quality health-care is essential for every citizen.
C2 adjective /ˈsɛpərəbəl/

separable

Meaning
Capable of being separated or divided.
Example
The two issues are separable and should be discussed independently.
B2 noun ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən

limitation

Meaning
A limiting rule or circumstance; a restriction on the size or amount of something permissible.
Example
Limitation in data affects policy-making decisions.
B1 noun /ˈbed ˌkʌv.ər/

Bed cover

Meaning
a protective covering for a bed, typically a bedspread or comforter
Example
She pulled the bed cover up to her chin to stay warm.
B2 noun /meɪz/

Maze

Meaning
A network of paths designed as a puzzle; a confusing situation
Example
The children got lost in the corn maze at the harvest festival.
B1 noun, verb /ˈɡrædʒuət/ (noun), /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ (verb)

graduate

Meaning
As a noun: a person who has completed a course of study; As a verb: to complete a course of study successfully.
Example
She will graduate from university next year.
A2 noun /ˈprəʊɡræm/

program

Meaning
a planned series of events or activities
Example
The program starts at 9 AM sharp.
B2 noun /ˈmɒdəreɪtər/

moderator

Meaning
A person who leads or oversees discussions, debates, or forums to maintain order.
Example
The moderator asked each panelist to share their views.
C1 verb /skwiːl/

squeal

Meaning
to make a high-pitched cry; to inform on someone
Example
The children squealed with delight when they saw the surprise.
C1 adjective /kənˈtraɪvd/

contrived

Meaning
artificial or forced; not natural or spontaneous
Example
The ending of the movie felt contrived and unrealistic.
A2 adjective, noun /ˈplæstɪk/

plastic

Meaning
a synthetic material that can be molded; flexible or easily shaped
Example
These containers are made of durable plastic.
C2 noun /kəˈbɑːdi/

kabadi

Meaning
a person who collects and sells scrap or recyclable materials, especially in South Asia
Example
The kabadi came every week to collect old newspapers and bottles.
B1 noun /ˈplʌm.ər/

plumber

Meaning
a person who installs or repairs water pipes
Example
The plumber fixed the leaking pipe in the kitchen.
C1 noun /bɑːrb/

barb

Meaning
a sharp projection such as on a fishhook; a cutting remark
Example
The fishhook has a small barb to keep the fish from escaping.
C1 noun /waɪld bɔːr/

Wild-Boar

Meaning
a wild pig that lives in forests and has long curved teeth
Example
The wild boar ran through the forest quickly.
B1 verb /rɪˈleɪt/

relate

Meaning
to connect or show a link between; to tell a story
Example
She relates her experience to the audience.
A2 adjective /ˈsʌðərn/

southern

Meaning
located in or facing the south; southern regions
Example
She moved to a southern city for work.
B1 adjective /ˈkriːmi/

creamy

Meaning
having a smooth, rich texture like cream
Example
She poured a creamy sauce over the pasta.