runner
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B1 noun /ˈrʌnər/

runner

Meaning
a person who runs, especially in races or for exercise
Example
The runner crossed the finish line with a big smile.
B1 verb /stretʃ/

stretch

Meaning
to extend or expand; to make or become longer or wider
Example
Athletes stretch their muscles before exercising.
B1 verb /ɪnˈfɔ:m/

inform

Meaning
to tell someone about something; to give information
Example
Please inform me when you arrive at the airport.
B1 noun ˈstrʌɡ.əl

struggle

Meaning
A forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack; a determined effort under difficult circumstances.
Example
The struggle for independence united the nation.
B1 noun /ˈkɒtɪdʒ/

cottage

Meaning
a small simple house, typically in the countryside
Example
They spent their vacation in a cozy cottage by the lake.
B1 noun /flæʃ/

Flash

Meaning
a sudden brief burst of bright light; a very brief moment
Example
There was a bright flash of lightning followed by thunder.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈjuzd/

Unused

Meaning
not being used; not having been used before
Example
There are many unused rooms in this old mansion.
B1 adjective /ˈprɛʃəs/

precious

Meaning
of great value; highly esteemed or cherished
Example
This ring is very precious to my grandmother.
B1 verb /beɪð/

bathe

Meaning
to wash oneself; to clean the body with water
Example
I bathe every morning before going to work.
B1 noun /əˈpɪn.jən/

Opinion

Meaning
a view or judgment formed about something; a belief or assessment based on grounds short of proof
Example
In my opinion, this is the best solution.
B1 noun /swiːt pəˈteɪtoʊ/

Sweet potato

Meaning
A root vegetable with sweet flesh, typically orange or purple in color
Example
Roasted sweet potato makes a healthy and delicious side dish.
B1 adjective /blɒnd/

blond

Meaning
having light-colored hair, typically pale yellow or golden.
Example
She has long blond hair that shines in the sunlight.
B1 noun /rɪˈkwɛst/

request

Meaning
a formal or polite demand for something
Example
She made a request for additional time to complete the project.
B1 noun /əˈmjuːzmənt/

Amusement

Meaning
the state or experience of finding something funny; entertainment or recreational activities
Example
The children's laughter showed their amusement at the clown's performance.
B1 noun/verb /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/

document

Meaning
Noun: A written, printed, or electronic record that provides information or evidence. Verb: To record information in written or electronic form.
Example
She carefully documented all the expenses of the trip.
B1 verb /mɛlt/

melt

Meaning
to change from solid to liquid due to heat; to disappear gradually
Example
The ice melted in the sun.
B1 adjective /ɪkˈspɛktɪd/

expected

Meaning
Regarded as likely to happen; anticipated or predicted.
Example
The unemployment rate is expected to decline further.
B1 adjective /ˈsæt.ɪs.fæk.tər.i/

Satisfactory

Meaning
acceptable; meeting requirements; adequate
Example
The test results were satisfactory.
B1 verb /ˌɪntərˈækt/

interact

Meaning
to communicate or work together with someone or something
Example
Students interact with teachers during class discussions.
B1 verb /dɪˈfaɪn/

define

Meaning
to explain the meaning of a word, phrase, or concept clearly
Example
The teacher asked the student to define the word 'democracy'.
B1 noun /ˈeər fɔːrs/

Air force

Meaning
the military organization of a country that uses aircraft for fighting
Example
The air force conducted a training exercise over the mountains.
B1 noun /ˈtʌnəl/

tunnel

Meaning
an underground passage or shaft
Example
They dug a tunnel under the river.
B1 noun /stoʊv/

Stove

Meaning
a kitchen appliance used for cooking food by applying heat
Example
She cooked dinner on the gas stove.
B1 noun /ˈpʌb.lɪ.ʃər/

Publisher

Meaning
a person or company that produces and distributes books, magazines, or newspapers
Example
The publisher decided to print 10,000 copies of the new novel.
B1 verb /ɪnˈvɑːlv/

involve

Meaning
to include as a necessary part, or to engage someone in an activity
Example
The project will involve several departments working together.
B1 noun /ˈkɔːlɪˌflaʊər/

Cauliflower

Meaning
white vegetable with a compact head of undeveloped flower buds
Example
Roasted cauliflower makes a delicious and healthy side dish.
B1 adjective /kəmˈpetətɪv/

competitive

Meaning
relating to or characterized by competition; having a strong desire to win or be more successful
Example
She has a competitive spirit that drives her to excel.
B1 noun /dɪˈmænd/

Demand

Meaning
an urgent request; the desire of consumers for goods or services
Example
The demand for organic food has increased significantly in recent years.
B1 noun /keɪv/

Cave

Meaning
a large underground chamber in a hill or cliff; a hollow space in rock
Example
The explorers discovered ancient paintings on the cave walls.
B1 noun ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl

Taj Mahal

Meaning
A famous mausoleum in India, considered one of the most beautiful structures ever built and a symbol of love.
Example
The Taj Mahal is considered one of the most beautiful structures ever built.
B1 adverb /ˈspeʃ.əl.i/

Specially

Meaning
for a particular purpose; especially; specifically
Example
This gift was specially made for you.
B1 noun /ˈæŋkəl/

ankle

Meaning
the joint connecting the foot with the leg
Example
He twisted his ankle while playing football.
B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

Meaning
to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings
Example
They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.
B1 noun /tɜːm/

term

Meaning
a word or phrase used to describe a thing or to express a concept
Example
The term 'machine learning' is commonly used in technology.
B1 noun /ˈker.ləs.nəs/

Carelessness

Meaning
failure to give sufficient attention to avoiding harm or errors
Example
His carelessness with money led to serious financial problems.
B1 noun /əˈtendəns/

Attendance

Meaning
the action or state of going regularly to or being present at a place or event
Example
The teacher takes attendance at the beginning of each class.
B1 noun /tʃiːk/

Cheek

Meaning
either side of the face below the eye; impudent or disrespectful behavior
Example
The baby's rosy cheeks showed she was healthy and happy.
B1 adjective rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl

reliable

Meaning
Consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.
Example
Reliable systems ensure efficiency.
B1 noun /dəˈrɛktər/ or /daɪˈrɛktər/

director

Meaning
a person who manages or oversees a company, department, or film
Example
The director gave final approval for the new movie script.
B1 verb /kwoʊt/

quote

Meaning
to repeat someone else's words; to give a price or estimate
Example
The teacher asked students to quote the famous author in their essays.
B1 noun prəˈsiː.dʒər

procedure

Meaning
An established or official way of doing something.
Example
Follow the procedure for accuracy.
B1 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət/

climate

Meaning
The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general.
Example
Climate change impacts all regions globally.
B1 noun, verb /dʒeɪl/

jail

Meaning
A place for the confinement of people accused or convicted of a crime; to imprison.
Example
The thief was sent to jail for stealing.
B1 phrase bɛst ˈɛf.ərt

best effort

Meaning
The maximum amount of effort or energy that someone can give.
Example
He gave his best effort to complete the task on time.
B1 adjective /kəˈlɛktɪd/

collected

Meaning
calm and in control of oneself
Example
She remained calm and collected during the crisis.
B1 noun /ˈnɜːrsɪŋ/

nursing

Meaning
the profession or practice of caring for the sick or injured
Example
She is studying nursing to become a healthcare professional.
B1 noun /ˈwiːltʃeər/

wheelchair

Meaning
a chair with wheels, used by people who cannot walk easily or at all
Example
The hospital provided a wheelchair for the injured patient.
B1 verb rɪˈdjuːst

reduced

Meaning
Make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
Example
Singapore has reduced plastic usage significantly.
B1 noun /pɒnd/

Pond

Meaning
a small body of still water formed naturally or by artificial means
Example
The children fed the ducks at the pond in the park.
B1 noun /bɪˈheɪvjər/

behavior

Meaning
The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.
Example
The teacher praised her good behavior in class.
B1 noun ˌkriː.eɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

creativity

Meaning
The ability to use imagination to produce original ideas or to make something new or imaginative.
Example
His creativity was evident in his artwork.
B1 noun ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns

consequence

Meaning
A result or effect of an action or condition.
Example
Every action has a consequence.
B1 noun /ˈvæk.juːm/

vacuum

Meaning
A space entirely devoid of matter; an absence of atmosphere or content.
Example
The scientist created a vacuum chamber for the experiment.
B1 noun /ˈprəʊsesɪŋ/

processing

Meaning
the series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end, especially in data or food handling
Example
Data processing takes place in the server.
B1 adjective ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt

established

Meaning
Having been in existence for a long time and therefore recognized and generally accepted; set up on a firm or permanent basis.
Example
Democracy was established under strong leadership.
B1 noun ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtiz

opportunities

Meaning
A set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something; chances for advancement or success.
Example
Opportunities for jobs decreased.
B1 adjective /ˈɛnd.ləs/

Endless

Meaning
having no end; infinite; limitless
Example
The ocean seemed endless from the shore.
B1 noun /ˈlɔː.jər/

Lawyer

Meaning
a person who practices or studies law; an attorney or a counselor
Example
She hired a lawyer to handle her case.
B1 verb ˈtrænsfər

transfer

Meaning
To move from one place to another; to hand over.
Example
Power transfer was necessary.
B1 adjective /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/

determined

Meaning
Having firmly decided to do something and not letting anything stop you.
Example
She was determined to finish her studies despite many obstacles.
B1 noun, adjective, gerund /ˈæk.tɪŋ/

acting

Meaning
the art or profession of performing in plays, films, or television; temporary performance of duties; the process of performing an action
Example
She is studying acting to become a professional actress.
B1 noun /pɑːrˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

participation

Meaning
the action of taking part in something
Example
Her participation in the competition was commendable.
B1 noun /ˈsæm.ən/

salmon

Meaning
A large fish with pink flesh, often eaten as food.
Example
They served grilled salmon for dinner.
B1 adjective /ˈfæbjələs/

Fabulous

Meaning
extremely good; wonderful; extraordinary
Example
She wore a fabulous dress to the party.
B1 noun /ˈmɑː.kɪ.tɪŋ/

Marketing

Meaning
The activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.
Example
Digital marketing has transformed business strategies.
B1 noun /tʃɪl/

Chill

Meaning
an unpleasant feeling of coldness; a feeling of fear or anxiety; to relax
Example
There was a chill in the air as autumn approached.
B1 noun /weɪdʒ/

Wage

Meaning
money paid to someone for work, especially for work done by the hour or day
Example
The company increased the minimum wage for all workers.
B1 noun /ˈprɒp.ə.ti/

Property

Meaning
a building or land; something owned; a characteristic or quality
Example
They bought a beautiful property in the countryside.
B1 noun prɪˈven.ʃən

prevention

Meaning
The action of stopping something from happening or arising.
Example
Prevention of fascism ensures democracy.
B1 noun /bɑːn/

barn

Meaning
a large building used for storing grain or housing farm animals
Example
The farmer keeps his cows in the barn.
B1 adverb /spəˈsɪfɪkli/

specifically

Meaning
in a clear and exact way
Example
He was specifically asked to handle the finances.
B1 verb /ʌnˈlɒk/

unlock

Meaning
to open something that is locked; to make something accessible or available
Example
She used the key to unlock the door.
B1 adjective /əˈtætʃt/

attached

Meaning
joined or fastened to something; emotionally connected or fond of someone or something
Example
The file is attached to the email.
B1 verb /ɪnˈkriːst/

increased

Meaning
became greater in size, amount, or degree
Example
The company's revenue increased last year.
B1 noun ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪə.rɪŋ

engineering

Meaning
The application of scientific and mathematical principles to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, or systems.
Example
Genetic engineering transforms agricultural practices.
B1 adjective /ʃeɪpt/

shaped

Meaning
having a particular form or appearance
Example
The sculpture was shaped like a human figure.
B1 noun /ˈrɛzɪdəns/

residence

Meaning
a place where someone lives; a home or dwelling
Example
He recently moved to a new residence near the city center.
B1 adjective ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt

efficient

Meaning
Working in a well-organized way; competent and effective in performance.
Example
Efficient farming methods improve yields.
B1 adjective /eɪdʒd/

aged

Meaning
having lived for a specified number of years; old
Example
The aged man sat in the park, watching the children play.
B1 noun /ˈel.boʊ/

Elbow

Meaning
the joint between the forearm and the upper arm
Example
He hurt his elbow while playing tennis.
B1 noun /braɪd/

Bride

Meaning
a woman on her wedding day or just before and after the event
Example
The beautiful bride walked down the aisle in her white wedding dress.
B1 verb /rɪˈper/

repair

Meaning
to fix something that is broken or damaged
Example
The mechanic will repair the car's engine tomorrow.
B1 noun /ɛr pəˈluːʃən/

air pollution

Meaning
The presence of harmful or poisonous substances in the air, typically caused by industrial processes, vehicle emissions, or other human activities.
Example
Air pollution from factories led to the first environmental movement.
B1 noun /ˈvaɪtəmɪn/

vitamin

Meaning
a natural substance needed by the body to stay healthy
Example
Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of vitamins.
B1 adjective /ˈmʌl.tɪ.pl̩/

Multiple

Meaning
having many parts, elements, or members; numerous
Example
She suffered multiple injuries in the accident.
B1 noun /lenz/

lens

Meaning
a curved piece of glass or plastic that makes things look clearer or larger when you look through it
Example
He cleaned the camera lens before taking the picture.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈɪnstənt/

instant

Meaning
A very short period of time; happening immediately.
Example
He replied in an instant without hesitation.
B1 adverb /ˈtɪpɪkli/

typically

Meaning
in a way that is typical of a particular person, thing, or group
Example
She typically arrives at work at 9 AM.
B1 noun /dɪsk/

disk

Meaning
a flat, circular object, often used to store data electronically
Example
All the data is saved on a hard disk.
B1 noun /mʌɡ/

Mug

Meaning
a large cup, typically cylindrical and having a handle and used without a saucer
Example
She drank her morning coffee from a ceramic mug.
B1 noun ˈsɪs.təmz

systems

Meaning
A set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole.
Example
Effective systems improve productivity.
B1 adverb /əˈperəntli/

Apparently

Meaning
seemingly; as far as one knows or can see; clearly; evidently
Example
Apparently, the meeting has been postponed to next week.
B1 adjective /ˈklæsɪk/

classic

Meaning
Judged over a period of time to be of the highest quality and outstanding of its kind.
Example
That movie is a classic example of 90s comedy.
B1 noun /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk ɡrəʊθ/

Economic Growth

Meaning
The increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over time, measured by the expansion of economic output, income, and investment.
Example
The country's economic growth has been remarkable over the past decade.
B1 adjective /rʌf/

Rough

Meaning
having an uneven surface; not smooth; harsh
Example
The rough surface of the rock hurt my hands.
B1 noun /ˈkær.ə.væn/

Caravan

Meaning
a group of people traveling together, especially through desert areas
Example
The merchant caravan crossed the desert with camels carrying precious goods.
B1 noun /ˈpæsɪdʒ/

passage

Meaning
a narrow way through or between; a section of text or music; the process of moving from one state or place to another
Example
The narrow passage led from the courtyard to the library.
B1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tər/

Alligator

Meaning
a large reptile similar to a crocodile but with a shorter, wider head
Example
The alligator basked in the sun on the riverbank.
B1 adjective /ˈsɒlɪd/

solid

Meaning
firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid
Example
The ground was solid underfoot.
B1 verb /əˈpriːʃieɪt/

appreciate

Meaning
to recognize the value or significance of; to be grateful for
Example
I really appreciate your help with this project.
B1 noun /ˈbed ˌkʌv.ər/

Bed cover

Meaning
a protective covering for a bed, typically a bedspread or comforter
Example
She pulled the bed cover up to her chin to stay warm.
B1 noun /ˈslɪpər/

Slipper

Meaning
light, comfortable shoe without a back, worn indoors
Example
She put on her slippers before walking around the house.
B1 adjective /ˈmæsɪv/

Massive

Meaning
extremely large; huge in size or amount
Example
The company made a massive profit this year.
B1 noun /ˌvedʒəˈteəriən/

Vegetarian

Meaning
a person who does not eat meat or fish; relating to vegetarians or vegetarianism
Example
She became a vegetarian for health and environmental reasons.
B1 noun, verb /ˈɛksˌreɪ/

x-ray

Meaning
a form of electromagnetic radiation used to see inside objects or the human body; to examine or scan using X-rays
Example
The doctor ordered an X-ray to check for a broken bone.
B1 noun ˈplænɪŋ

planning

Meaning
The process of making plans for something; the control of urban development by a local government authority.
Example
Effective planning ensures better waste management.
B1 adjective /prɪˈsaɪs/

precise

Meaning
Marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail.
Example
She gave precise instructions for the experiment.
B1 noun /ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

Generation

Meaning
all the people born and living at about the same time; the production or creation of something
Example
Each generation faces unique challenges that shape their worldview and values.
B1 noun /ˈboʊ.nəs/

Bonus

Meaning
an amount of money added to wages on a seasonal basis, especially as a reward for good performance
Example
She received a year-end bonus for her excellent work performance.
B1 noun /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti taɪm/

quality time

Meaning
Time spent giving someone your full attention in order to strengthen your relationship with them.
Example
Spending quality time with family enhances relationships.
B1 verb /ˈberi/

bury

Meaning
to put in the ground; to hide; to cover completely
Example
The dog buries its bone in the yard.
B1 noun /ˈɡæl.ər.i/

Gallery

Meaning
a room or building for the display or sale of works of art; an area for spectators
Example
The art gallery featured paintings by famous local and international artists.
B1 noun /kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/

communication

Meaning
The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc.
Example
Effective communication is crucial for any successful project.
B1 noun /ˈspɛndɪŋ/

spending

Meaning
the act of paying money for goods or services
Example
Her spending on clothes was higher than expected.
B1 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl/

council

Meaning
an assembly of people chosen or elected to make decisions or advise on matters
Example
The city council voted to improve public transportation.
B1 noun /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃən/

Accommodation

Meaning
a room, group of rooms, or building in which someone may live or stay
Example
The hotel provides comfortable accommodation for tourists.
B1 noun /rɪˈkʌvəri/

recovery

Meaning
the process of recovering or returning to a normal state
Example
The patient is in recovery after the surgery.
B1 noun /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

lightning

Meaning
a flash of light in the sky caused by electricity during a storm
Example
The lightning struck a tree near our house.
B1 adjective ˈkʌltʃərəl

cultural

Meaning
Relating to the arts and to intellectual achievements.
Example
Schools organize cultural programs to honor Victory Day.
B1 adjective /ˈsuːtəbl/

suitable

Meaning
appropriate or right for a particular person, purpose, or situation
Example
This dress is suitable for the wedding.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.set/

Sunset

Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun disappears below the horizon
Example
The romantic sunset painted the sky in golden colors.