runner
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B1 noun /ˈrʌnər/

runner

Meaning
a person who runs, especially in races or for exercise
Example
The runner crossed the finish line with a big smile.
A1 adverb /ʌp/

up

Meaning
towards a higher position or level
Example
He climbed up the ladder quickly.
C2 adjective /kəˈdævərəs/

cadaverous

Meaning
Resembling a corpse; very pale, thin, or bony.
Example
His cadaverous appearance shocked everyone at the party.
C2 noun /ˈsætræp/

satrap

Meaning
a governor of a province in ancient Persia; also used figuratively for a subordinate ruler
Example
The king appointed a satrap to oversee the distant province.
C2 adjective /ˈɪm.pi.əs/

Impious

Meaning
irreligious; lacking reverence for religion; blasphemous
Example
The impious act shocked the religious community.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪtəlmənt/

entitlement

Meaning
the belief that one is inherently deserving of privileges or special treatment; a right to benefits
Example
The program provides entitlement to health care.
A2 noun /niːs/

niece

Meaning
the daughter of one's brother or sister
Example
My niece is studying at the university this year.
B2 noun /ˈkæʒ.u.əl.ti/

Casualty

Meaning
a person killed or injured in a war or accident; a victim of circumstances
Example
The hospital treated many casualties from the car accident.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪkwɛri/

antiquary

Meaning
A person who studies, collects, or deals in antiques or ancient objects.
Example
The antiquary spent years collecting rare manuscripts from the medieval period.
B2 noun /oʊˈbiː.di.əns/

Obedience

Meaning
compliance with an order, request, or law; submission to authority
Example
Children should show obedience to their parents.
B2 adverb /ˈbɪt.ə.li/

Bitterly

Meaning
in an angry, hurt, or resentful way; extremely; severely
Example
She complained bitterly about the unfair treatment.
B2 verb /fɔːrdʒ/

forge

Meaning
to create or shape something, often with effort or skill; also to counterfeit or fake something
Example
The blacksmith forged a strong sword from the iron.
B2 noun/verb /sɪˈmɛnt/

cement

Meaning
a powdery substance that binds materials together; to make something strong or permanent
Example
The treaty helped cement the relationship between the two countries.
B2 adjective /ˈθret.ən.ɪŋ/

Threatening

Meaning
expressing a threat; menacing; intimidating
Example
The dark clouds looked threatening before the storm.
B2 verb /əˈkweɪnt/

acquaint

Meaning
to make someone familiar with something; to inform or introduce
Example
Please acquaint yourself with the safety guidelines before operating the machine.
B2 adjective /ˈspaɪ.rəl/

Spiral

Meaning
winding in a continuous curve; helical
Example
The spiral staircase led to the top floor.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒɛkt/

eject

Meaning
to force someone or something out, usually from a place or position
Example
The referee had to eject the player for unsportsmanlike behavior.
C1 verb /dɪˈzɪst/

desist

Meaning
to stop doing something, especially an action considered wrong or undesirable
Example
The judge ordered the company to desist from unfair practices.
C1 noun /luːm/

Loom

Meaning
a machine for weaving cloth; to appear threatening or menacing
Example
The weaver worked at the loom to create beautiful fabrics.
B1 noun /ˈpeɪvmənt/

pavement

Meaning
a hard paved surface such as a road or sidewalk; the act or result of paving
Example
She walked along the pavement to reach the bus stop.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

Meaning
A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.
Example
He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.
B1 noun ˈstrʌk.tʃər

structure

Meaning
The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.
Example
The structure is designed for safety and functionality.
C1 noun ˌdɪm.ɪˈnjuː.ʃən

diminution

Meaning
A reduction in the size, extent, or importance of something; decrease.
Example
There has been a diminution in air pollution.
C1 noun /ˈdɒɡmə/

dogma

Meaning
A principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.
Example
The religious leader strictly adhered to traditional dogma.
B2 verb /ɪnˈlɑːrdʒ/

enlarge

Meaning
to make something bigger or increase in size
Example
They decided to enlarge their house.
C1 noun /brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/

bronchitis

Meaning
inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with acute bronchitis.
B1 noun ˈɔːdioʊ ˈlɛsənz

audio lessons

Meaning
Educational content delivered through sound recordings, typically used for language learning and skill development.
Example
Audio lessons are useful for listening skills.
B2 noun ˌɪm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

implication

Meaning
A conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated; a likely consequence.
Example
The implication of climate change is severe.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.fən.tri/

Infantry

Meaning
soldiers marching or fighting on foot; foot soldiers collectively
Example
The infantry advanced across the battlefield on foot.
C1 noun ˌɪn.toʊˈneɪ.ʃən

intonation

Meaning
The rise and fall of tone in speech and pronunciation.
Example
Proper intonation enhances the clarity of a speech.
C1 noun /ˈbaɪoʊˌsfɪr/

Biosphere

Meaning
the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms
Example
Climate change is affecting the entire biosphere.
C2 noun /ˈfɪɡmənt/

figment

Meaning
something invented or imaginary; a fabrication of the mind
Example
The story of the haunted house is just a figment of her imagination.
C1 verb /ˈdɪs.ɪ.peɪt/

dissipate

Meaning
To disappear or cause to disappear gradually.
Example
The tension in the room slowly dissipated.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnbɔːrn/

Inborn

Meaning
existing from birth; natural; inherent
Example
She has an inborn talent for music.
A2 noun /ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsɪti/

electricity

Meaning
A form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles.
Example
The storm caused a power cut and we had no electricity.
C1 noun /ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/

aptitude

Meaning
a natural ability or talent to do something well
Example
She has a strong aptitude for learning new languages.
A2 noun /ˈɛndʒɪn/

engine

Meaning
A machine designed to convert energy into mechanical power.
Example
The car's engine failed on the highway.
B1 noun ˈkeɪ.bəl

cable

Meaning
A thick rope of wire or nonmetallic fiber, typically used for construction, mooring ships, or transmitting electricity or telecommunication signals.
Example
The cable connects countries across continents.
C2 verb /læmˈpuːn/

lampoon

Meaning
to publicly criticize or ridicule someone or something with humor, irony, or sarcasm
Example
The cartoonist lampooned the politician for his contradictory statements.
B2 adjective dɪˈlɪbəreɪt

deliberate

Meaning
Done consciously and intentionally; carefully considered.
Example
His deliberate actions showed great care and thoughtfulness.
A2 adjective /ˈsəʊʃəl/

social

Meaning
relating to society or its organization
Example
She has a very social personality and enjoys meeting new people.
B2 noun /ˌæljuˈmɪniəm/

aluminium

Meaning
a lightweight, silvery-white metal used widely in manufacturing and packaging
Example
Aluminium is commonly used to make cans and aircraft parts.
A1 noun /flɔːr/

floor

Meaning
the lower surface of a room, on which one may walk
Example
The floor was covered with a soft carpet.
C1 noun/verb /ˈræfəl/

raffle

Meaning
A means of raising money by selling numbered tickets, one or more of which are drawn at random for a prize; to sell something in such a lottery.
Example
The charity decided to raffle a bicycle to raise funds.
A2 noun /ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/

possibility

Meaning
something that may happen or be the case; a chance that something exists or might occur
Example
There is a strong possibility of rain tomorrow.
B1 verb /əˈmeɪz/

amaze

Meaning
to fill someone with great surprise or wonder
Example
The magician’s final trick amazed the audience.
B1 noun /səˈdʒes.tʃən/

Suggestion

Meaning
an idea or plan put forward for consideration; advice or recommendation
Example
Do you have any suggestions for improving our team's productivity?
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊˈiː.koʊˌsɪs.təm

agroecosystem

Meaning
An ecological system centered on agricultural activities and processes.
Example
A healthy agroecosystem improves soil fertility.
C1 noun /ˈælɔɪ/

alloy

Meaning
A mixture of metals or a metal combined with another element.
Example
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
C1 adjective /ˈlaɪf.laɪk/

lifelike

Meaning
Very similar to a real person, object, or scene; realistic.
Example
The wax figure was so lifelike that people thought it was a real person.
A2 noun /ˈvedʒtəbəl ɔɪl/

Vegetable oil

Meaning
Oil extracted from plants, seeds, or nuts used for cooking
Example
She heated vegetable oil in the pan before adding the vegetables.
B1 noun ˈbæl.ənst daɪ.ət

balanced diet

Meaning
A diet consisting of the proper quantities and proportions of foods needed to maintain health or growth.
Example
A balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health.
C2 adjective /ˈmiːzli/

measly

Meaning
contemptibly small or insignificant
Example
He was paid a measly sum for the hard work.
C2 noun /ˌɡrɛnəˈdɪə/

grenadier

Meaning
A soldier who specialized in throwing grenades; later used to describe an elite infantryman.
Example
The grenadier stood proudly at the front of the regiment.
C2 verb /ˈnuːkliˌeɪt/

nucleate

Meaning
to form into a nucleus or bring together into a central part
Example
The droplets began to nucleate around tiny particles in the air.
C1 noun /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk dɪˈspær.ɪ.ti/

Economic Disparity

Meaning
The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.
Example
Addressing economic disparity is crucial for social stability.
B1 noun /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/

lighting

Meaning
the arrangement or use of light in a place; the act of providing light
Example
The lighting in the restaurant created a warm and cozy atmosphere.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/

Mischievous

Meaning
playfully naughty; causing minor trouble; impish
Example
The mischievous child hid his sister's favorite toy.
C1 noun /pərˈkʌʃən/

percussion

Meaning
Musical instruments that are played by striking, shaking, or scraping, such as drums or cymbals.
Example
The percussion section added rhythm and energy to the orchestra.
A1 noun /plæn/

plan

Meaning
A detailed proposal for doing or achieving something.
Example
A good plan keeps you focused.
C1 adjective /frɔːt/

fraught

Meaning
Filled with or likely to result in something undesirable.
Example
The negotiations were fraught with tension and uncertainty.
B1 noun /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti taɪm/

quality time

Meaning
Time spent giving someone your full attention in order to strengthen your relationship with them.
Example
Spending quality time with family enhances relationships.
C1 noun /ˈsɛntrɪˌfjuːdʒ/

centrifuge

Meaning
A machine that spins substances at high speed to separate different components.
Example
The lab technician used a centrifuge to separate the blood cells from the plasma.
B2 adjective /spɒnˈteɪniəs/

Spontaneous

Meaning
done without planning; natural and unforced
Example
Their spontaneous dance in the rain was beautiful.
B1 noun ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃən

inspiration

Meaning
The process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.
Example
His journey to success became an inspiration for many.
C2 verb /ˈæsəneɪt/

assonate

Meaning
To correspond or agree in sound, especially by vowel sounds; to rhyme approximately.
Example
The lines assonate beautifully, giving the song a unique flow.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrɪmɪˌneɪt/

incriminate

Meaning
to make someone appear guilty of a crime or wrongdoing
Example
The new evidence could incriminate the suspect in the robbery case.
A2 noun /ˈspiːkər/

speaker

Meaning
a person who speaks or talks, especially as an occupation
Example
The speaker delivered an inspiring speech at the conference.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
C2 adjective /dɪsˈkɜrsɪv/

discursive

Meaning
Tending to digress or move from topic to topic; lengthy and rambling.
Example
His discursive style made the lecture hard to follow.
A1 noun

Kind

B2 verb /ɪnˈkwaɪər/

inquire

Meaning
to ask; to investigate
Example
She inquired about the job opening.
B2 verb əˈteɪnd

attained

Meaning
Succeeded in achieving (something that one desires and has worked for); reached a specified age, size, or amount.
Example
The region attained remarkable progress.
A1 noun ˈræbɪt

rabbit

Meaning
A small mammal with long ears, long hind legs, and a short tail
Example
The rabbit ran quickly into the forest.
B2 noun ˈflaɪ.ɪŋ kɑːrz

flying cars

Meaning
Vehicles that can travel both on roads and in the air.
Example
Flying cars could soon solve urban traffic congestion.
B1 noun, verb /dʒeɪl/

jail

Meaning
A place for the confinement of people accused or convicted of a crime; to imprison.
Example
The thief was sent to jail for stealing.
C2 verb /ɪˈspaɪ/

espy

Meaning
To catch sight of or notice something, especially from a distance.
Example
From the hilltop, she espied a small village in the valley.
C2 noun /hɜːrs/

Hearse

Meaning
a vehicle for conveying the coffin at a funeral; a funeral car
Example
The black hearse slowly made its way to the cemetery, followed by a procession of mourners.
C1 adverb /maɪˈnjuːtli/

Minutely

Meaning
in very small detail; extremely carefully
Example
The detective examined the evidence minutely.
B2 noun /soʊl/

Sole

Meaning
the bottom part of the foot; the bottom part of a shoe
Example
I have a blister on the sole of my foot.
C2 noun /riːm/

ream

Meaning
A large quantity of paper (typically 500 sheets); informally, a large amount of something.
Example
The office ordered ten reams of paper.
B2 verb /daɪˈvɜːrt/

divert

Meaning
to turn aside from a course; to redirect or entertain
Example
The police diverted traffic to a side road.
C2 verb /əˈbreɪd/

abrade

Meaning
to scrape or wear away the surface by friction or erosion
Example
The rough cloth can easily abrade the skin.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪ.nər.i

interdisciplinary

Meaning
Relating to more than one branch of knowledge.
Example
The interdisciplinary approach in education enhances problem-solving skills.
C2 noun /ˈɪnsələns/

insolence

Meaning
rude or disrespectful behavior
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's insolence.
A1 noun /pəˈteɪ.toʊ/

Potato

Meaning
a round white vegetable with a brown or red skin that grows underground
Example
She boiled potatoes for dinner.
C1 adjective /ˈvɑːlətl/

volatile

Meaning
likely to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse
Example
The stock market is extremely volatile these days.
C2 noun /maɪˈkrɑː.skə.pi/

microscopy

Meaning
The use of a microscope to observe small objects or organisms.
Example
Microscopy revealed the structure of the cells.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrəriz/

contraries

Meaning
things that are completely different or opposite to each other
Example
Freedom and slavery are contraries in every sense.
B2 verb /ˈæləkeɪt/

allocate

Meaning
to distribute or assign resources, duties, or responsibilities for a specific purpose
Example
The manager allocated funds for the new project.
C2 noun /ˈbʌɡəˌbuː/

bugaboo

Meaning
An object of fear or worry; an imagined cause of anxiety.
Example
The threat of inflation became a political bugaboo.
C2 noun /ˈɒksɪdənt/

occident

Meaning
The countries of the West, especially Europe and America.
Example
The Occident has a long history of philosophical thought.
B1 noun /məˈskiː.toʊ/

Mosquito

Meaning
a small flying insect that bites people and animals to feed on their blood
Example
The mosquito bit me on the arm last night.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdem.nə.ti/

Indemnity

Meaning
security or protection against a loss or other financial burden; compensation for damage or loss
Example
The insurance company provided full indemnity for the damages caused by the flood.
C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrnkiː/

turnkey

Meaning
ready for immediate use; a complete product or solution
Example
The company provides turnkey solutions for small businesses.
C2 noun /ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃən/

divination

Meaning
the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means
Example
Ancient people often relied on divination to guide important decisions.
A2 verb /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue

Meaning
To keep happening, existing, or doing something without stopping.
Example
The rain will continue throughout the night.
C1 noun /ˈkleɪmənt/

claimant

Meaning
a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context
Example
The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.
C2 noun /klɛərˈvɔɪəns/

clairvoyance

Meaning
the supposed ability to perceive events beyond normal sensory contact; psychic insight
Example
She claimed to have clairvoyance and predicted the future.
B2 adverb /səbˈstænʃəli/

substantially

Meaning
to a great extent or degree
Example
The new policy has substantially improved working conditions.
B1 noun /twiːt/

Tweet

Meaning
a short high-pitched sound made by a small bird; a post on Twitter
Example
I heard the sweet tweet of a sparrow this morning.
B2 adjective ˌtek.nəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

technological

Meaning
Relating to or involving technology, especially scientific technology.
Example
Technological advancements enable futuristic projects.
C2 noun /ˌkɔːrnjuˈkoʊpiə/

cornucopia

Meaning
an abundance or overflowing supply of something
Example
The festival offered a cornucopia of fruits and sweets.
A1 title /mɪz/

ms

Meaning
a title used before a woman's name, regardless of marital status
Example
Ms. Akter will give a speech at the seminar.
A2 verb /ʌpˈset/

upset

Meaning
to make someone worried, sad, or angry; to disturb
Example
The bad news upset everyone.
C2 verb /ˈbraʊˌbiːt/

browbeat

Meaning
To intimidate or bully someone into doing something
Example
The lawyer tried to browbeat the witness.
C2 adjective/noun /ɪnˈkɑːrnədiːn/

incarnadine

Meaning
a bright crimson or pinkish-red color
Example
The sky turned incarnadine at sunset.
B1 noun, verb /ˈbʊli/

bully

Meaning
A person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those weaker; to intimidate or mistreat someone weaker.
Example
The teacher stopped the older boy from trying to bully his classmates.
B1 noun /ˈbaɪbəl/

bible

Meaning
the Christian scriptures consisting of the Old and New Testaments; also used for any authoritative book
Example
She reads the Bible every morning.
A2 adjective /ruːd/

Rude

Meaning
impolite; discourteous; lacking civility; rough or harsh in manner
Example
It was rude of him to interrupt the meeting.
C2 noun /bɜːrˈlɛsk/

burlesque

Meaning
A humorous and exaggerated imitation of a serious work; a type of theatrical entertainment involving comedy and parody.
Example
The play was a clever burlesque of traditional opera.
C2 noun /ˈtɛsteɪtər/

testator

Meaning
a person who has made a will
Example
The lawyer read the will of the deceased testator.
C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənt

phytonutrient

Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by plants that are beneficial to human health but not essential nutrients.
Example
Broccoli is rich in phytonutrients that enhance immunity.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈbaɪəst/

unbiased

Meaning
Not showing prejudice; impartial and fair.
Example
The report gave an unbiased view of the situation.
C1 noun /aɪ/

aye

Meaning
an affirmative vote or expression of agreement
Example
The committee voted aye on the proposal.
B1 noun /ˈseɪ.ɪŋ/

Saying

Meaning
a well-known phrase that expresses something true about life; a proverb
Example
There's an old saying that practice makes perfect.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪn.tɪ.leɪ.tɪŋ/

scintillating

Meaning
brilliantly clever, exciting, or sparkling
Example
Her scintillating conversation kept everyone entertained.
C2 noun /ˈɔːrɪkl̩/

auricle

Meaning
The external part of the ear; also an upper chamber of the heart in anatomy.
Example
The doctor examined the patient’s auricle for signs of infection.
A1 verb /let/

let

Meaning
to allow someone to do something; to give permission
Example
Please let me help you with that task.
B2 noun /ˈædvərtaɪzər/

advertiser

Meaning
a person or company that advertises a product, service, or event
Example
The advertiser paid millions for a Super Bowl commercial spot.
A1 adjective /eɪtθ/

eighth

Meaning
coming after the seventh position in a sequence; one of eight equal parts
Example
She finished in eighth place in the race.