rigmarole
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C2 noun /ˈrɪɡməˌroʊl/

rigmarole

Meaning
a long, complicated, and confusing process or story
Example
Getting a visa was such a rigmarole of paperwork and interviews.
B1 adverb /ˈruːdli/

Rudely

Meaning
in an impolite or discourteous manner
Example
He rudely interrupted the speaker during the presentation.
C2 noun /ˈrɛd.ə.ləns/

redolence

Meaning
a pleasant smell or the quality of suggesting something strongly
Example
The redolence of jasmine filled the evening air.
C1 verb /rɪˈprɛs/

repress

Meaning
To restrain, suppress, or keep under control, especially emotions or desires.
Example
He tried to repress his anger during the meeting.
C2 verb /rɪˈmɒnstreɪt/

remonstrate

Meaning
To make a forceful protest or objection.
Example
Citizens remonstrated against the new tax policy.
C1 phrase ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈfɔː.rəm

regional forum

Meaning
A meeting or conference where representatives from countries or organizations in a specific geographical area discuss issues of common interest.
Example
The Regional Forum discussed deforestation impacts.
C1 verb /ræsp/

rasp

Meaning
to speak in a rough, harsh voice or to scrape with a coarse sound
Example
He rasped out a warning before collapsing.
C2 verb /rɪˈpruːv/

reprove

Meaning
to criticize or correct someone gently or disapprove of their actions
Example
The teacher reproved the student for being late.
B2 noun /rɛlm/

realm

Meaning
A kingdom or domain; a field or area of activity or interest.
Example
He is well known in the realm of science.
B2 noun /rɪˈsɛs/

recess

Meaning
A short break from work or school; also a small space set back in a wall.
Example
The children played outside during recess.
C2 noun /ˈræp.aɪn/

rapine

Meaning
the violent seizure of someone's property
Example
The war was marked by rapine and destruction.
A2 adjective /ruːd/

Rude

Meaning
impolite; discourteous; lacking civility; rough or harsh in manner
Example
It was rude of him to interrupt the meeting.
C1 noun /rɪˈbʌtəl/

rebuttal

Meaning
a statement or argument made to oppose or disprove another
Example
Her rebuttal was clear and convincing.
C2 noun /rɪˈpæst/

repast

Meaning
A meal or the food eaten during a meal.
Example
They enjoyed a delicious repast by the riverside.
A2 verb /rɪˈsiːv/

receive

Meaning
to get or accept something given; to welcome
Example
She receives a gift from her friend.
A2 verb /riːˈsaɪ.kəl/

recycle

Meaning
to process used materials so they can be used again instead of being thrown away
Example
We should recycle paper and plastic to reduce waste.
C1 verb /rɪˈɡrɛs/

regress

Meaning
To return to a former or less developed state.
Example
Without proper guidance, the child's progress began to regress.
C1 noun /ˈroʊdənt/

rodent

Meaning
a small mammal such as a mouse, rat, or squirrel, characterized by constantly growing incisors
Example
The farmer set traps to catch the rodents in his barn.
C2 noun /ˈrɒndoʊ/

rondo

Meaning
a musical composition with a recurring leading theme
Example
The pianist ended the recital with a lively rondo.
C1 noun ˈrɔɪəl ˈbɛŋɡəl ˈtaɪɡər

Royal Bengal Tiger

Meaning
A subspecies of tiger found primarily in India and Bangladesh, known for its distinctive orange coat with black stripes.
Example
The Royal Bengal Tiger is an iconic species of the Sundarbans.
B1 verb /rɪˈliːs/

release

Meaning
to set free; to allow something to escape or go away
Example
The prisoner was released after ten years.
C2 adjective /ˈrʌdi/

ruddy

Meaning
Having a healthy red color in the face.
Example
She had a ruddy complexion from working outdoors.
B2 adjective /rɪˈlʌktənt/

Reluctant

Meaning
unwilling; hesitant; disinclined to do something;
Example
She was reluctant to share her personal information.
B2 noun /ˈrɛnəˌsɑːns/

renaissance

Meaning
a revival of art, culture, or learning; a period of renewed interest and growth
Example
The city experienced a cultural renaissance during the 1990s.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɑlv/

resolve

Meaning
to solve a problem; to decide firmly
Example
The manager resolves the conflict between employees.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛsɪv/

recessive

Meaning
In genetics, relating to a trait that is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present.
Example
Blue eye color is often a recessive trait.
B1 noun /rɪˈpɔːrtər/

reporter

Meaning
a person who reports news or information
Example
The reporter interviewed several people at the scene.
C1 noun /rɪˈflɛktər/

reflector

Meaning
A surface or device that reflects light, heat, or sound, often used to direct beams or improve visibility.
Example
The cyclist attached a red reflector to the back of his bike for safety.
A2 verb /rɪŋ/

ring

Meaning
to make a clear sound like a bell; to call by telephone
Example
The bell rings every hour.
A2 verb /ˈriːəlaɪz/

realize

Meaning
to become aware of; to understand clearly; to achieve or make real
Example
I didn't realize how late it was until I checked the clock.
B2 noun /rɪˈvendʒ/

Revenge

Meaning
the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their hands
Example
She sought revenge against those who betrayed her trust.
C1 adjective /ˈræɡ.ɪd/

Ragged

Meaning
torn; tattered; frayed; shabby
Example
The homeless man wore ragged clothes.
C1 noun /rɪˈvɒl.vər/

Revolver

Meaning
a pistol with revolving chambers enabling several shots to be fired without reloading
Example
The detective drew his revolver from its holster.
C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

Meaning
To bring back to life or revive something from the past.
Example
The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtrəsˌpɛkt/

retrospect

Meaning
the act of looking back on or reviewing past events
Example
In retrospect, the decision seemed unwise.
B2 noun /ræɡ/

Rag

Meaning
a piece of old cloth used for cleaning; worn-out clothing
Example
She used an old rag to clean the dusty table.
A2 verb /rɪˈpiːt/

repeat

Meaning
to say or do something again
Example
Could you please repeat what you just said?
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʒɛn.ə.rə.tɪv/

regenerative

Meaning
Able to restore or renew damaged environments, soil, or resources.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil health and biodiversity.
B2 adjective /rɪˈzɪstənt/

resistant

Meaning
not affected by something; able to oppose or withstand
Example
This fabric is resistant to water and stains.
B2 adjective /ˈrɒt.ən/

Rotten

Meaning
decayed; spoiled; bad
Example
The apple is rotten and should be thrown away.
B2 noun /ˌrɛfəˈriː/

referee

Meaning
a person who oversees a game or match to ensure the rules are followed
Example
The referee stopped the game after a foul.
B1 adjective /rɪˈpiː.tɪd/

Repeated

Meaning
done again; happening again; occurring multiple times
Example
He made repeated attempts to contact her.
C2 noun /rɪˈpoʊst/

riposte

Meaning
a quick and clever reply to criticism or an insult
Example
Her sharp riposte left everyone in silence.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɒnɪsəns/

reconnaissance

Meaning
A survey or exploration, especially for military or strategic purposes.
Example
The soldiers conducted a reconnaissance of the enemy camp.
A2 noun /ˈriːdər/

reader

Meaning
a person who reads or who is capable of reading
Example
She is a fast reader, finishing books in a day.
B2 noun /ˈraɪfəl/

Rifle

Meaning
a gun with a long barrel that is fired from the shoulder
Example
The soldier carried a rifle during the mission.
A2 verb riˈsaɪklɪŋ

recycling

Meaning
The process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects to prevent waste.
Example
Recycling plastic helps in reducing waste.
C1 verb /rɪˈmɪt/

remit

Meaning
To send money in payment or as a gift; to cancel or refrain from exacting a debt or punishment.
Example
He promised to remit the payment by the end of the week.
C1 noun /ˈrɛnɪˌɡeɪd/

renegade

Meaning
a person who deserts or betrays an organization, country, or principles
Example
He was labeled a renegade after leaving the party and criticizing its policies.
C1 noun /ræmˈbuːtən/

Rambutan

Meaning
a tropical fruit with red spiky skin and white translucent sweet flesh similar to litchi
Example
The rambutan looks scary with its hairy skin but tastes very sweet inside.
B1 noun /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/

researcher

Meaning
a person who conducts research
Example
The researcher published her findings in a scientific journal.
B2 noun /ˌref.jʊˈdʒiː/

Refugee

Meaning
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Example
The refugee camp provided temporary shelter for thousands of displaced families.
A2 noun /ˈroʊbɒt/

robot

Meaning
a machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically
Example
The factory uses robots to assemble cars efficiently.
B2 noun /ræk/

Rack

Meaning
a framework or structure for holding or storing things
Example
She hung her coat on the rack by the door.
C1 noun /ˈrɪɡər/

rigor

Meaning
strictness, severity, or demanding conditions
Example
The training was carried out with great rigor.
C2 adjective /ˈrɛkənˌdaɪt/ or /ˈrɛkəndaɪt/

recondite

Meaning
Little known or difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was full of recondite theories.
C1 verb /rɪˈpiːl/

repeal

Meaning
To officially cancel or revoke a law or decision.
Example
The government decided to repeal the outdated law.
B1 noun /ˈrʌbɪʃ/

Rubbish

Meaning
waste material; refuse or litter; nonsense or worthless things
Example
Please throw the rubbish in the bin.
B2 adjective /ˈræp.ɪd/

Rapid

Meaning
happening in a short time or at a fast pace
Example
The rapid growth of technology has changed our daily lives.
B2 noun /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

reasoning

Meaning
the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgment
Example
Her reasoning for leaving was clear and logical.
C1 verb /rɪˈdiːm/

redeem

Meaning
to compensate for faults or mistakes; to exchange something for value
Example
He managed to redeem his reputation after the scandal.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊ.ɡɪʃ/

Roguish

Meaning
mischievous; playfully dishonest
Example
His roguish smile suggested he was up to some mischief.
C1 verb /riːˈfɜːrbɪʃ/

refurbish

Meaning
To renovate or redecorate something, especially a building.
Example
The company decided to refurbish its old office.
B1 noun /roʊˈmæns/

Romance

Meaning
a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love; a love affair or relationship
Example
Their romance began when they met at the university library.
B1 noun /ˌrek.ə.menˈdeɪ.ʃən/

Recommendation

Meaning
a suggestion that someone or something would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose
Example
I got this job based on a recommendation from my professor.
B2 verb /rɪˈkɜːr/

recur

Meaning
to happen again, especially repeatedly or at regular intervals
Example
The headache tends to recur every few weeks.
A2 noun /rɪˈfrɪdʒ.ər.eɪ.tər/

Refrigerator

Meaning
an appliance for keeping food and drinks cold
Example
Please put the milk in the refrigerator to keep it fresh.
C1 noun rɪˈdʒɛn.ər.ə.tɪv ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ

regenerative farming

Meaning
Agricultural practices that improve soil health and biodiversity.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil fertility and biodiversity.
C1 noun /ˈræp.tʃər/

rapture

Meaning
A feeling of intense joy, delight, or ecstasy.
Example
She listened to the music in rapture.
B1 noun /rɪˈsep.ʃən/

Reception

Meaning
the action of receiving something or someone; a formal social occasion held to welcome someone
Example
The wedding reception was held at a beautiful hotel.
B2 verb /ˌriːəˈʃʊr/

reassure

Meaning
to say or do something to remove someone's doubts or fears
Example
The teacher reassured the students before the exam.
C1 verb rɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ

replenish

Meaning
Fill something up again.
Example
Drinking water helps replenish lost fluids in the body.
C1 noun /ˈriːkɔːrs/

recourse

Meaning
a source of help or protection in a difficult situation
Example
The students had no recourse but to appeal to the principal.
C2 verb /ˌriː.kəˈnɔɪ.tər/

reconnoiter

Meaning
to make a preliminary inspection or survey, especially of an area for military or strategic purposes
Example
The soldiers reconnoitered the area before advancing.
B1 verb /ˈrɛdʒɪstər/

register

Meaning
To enter or record officially on a list or in a book.
Example
You must register for the conference before the deadline.
B2 adjective /rɪˈmuːvəbəl/

removable

Meaning
able to be removed or taken away
Example
This phone has a removable battery.
B1 noun /ˌrep.rɪˈzen.tə.tɪv/

representative

Meaning
A person chosen or appointed to act or speak for another or others.
Example
The representative addressed critical issues.
B2 noun/adjective /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

republican

Meaning
a member or supporter of a republican political party or system
Example
The republican candidate won the election.
C1 noun rɪˈdʌndənsi

redundancy

Meaning
The state of being not or no longer needed or useful; superfluousness.
Example
The redundancy in the company's workforce led to many layoffs.
C1 noun /rɪˈvɜːrʒən/

reversion

Meaning
the act of returning to a previous state or condition
Example
The new policy marked a reversion to traditional methods.
C1 noun /rɪˈmɛmbrəns/

remembrance

Meaning
the act of remembering or honoring someone or something
Example
A service was held in remembrance of the fallen soldiers.
A2 verb /rɪˈlæks/

relax

Meaning
to make or become less tense or anxious; to rest
Example
After a long day, she likes to relax with a good book.
B1 verb /rɪˈvjuː/

review

Meaning
to examine or assess something again; to write a critical evaluation
Example
I need to review my notes before the exam.
C1 verb /ˈræn.də.maɪz/

randomize

Meaning
To make something happen in a random order or manner.
Example
The software can randomize the order of questions.
B1 noun ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn

recognition

Meaning
Acknowledgment of the existence, validity, or legality of something; appreciation or acclaim for an achievement, service, or ability.
Example
He earned recognition after years of struggle.
A2 adjective /ˈreɪ.ni/

Rainy

Meaning
characterized by rain; wet from rain; having much rain
Example
It was a rainy day, so we stayed indoors.
B2 adjective /ˈrɑː.ki/

Rocky

Meaning
full of rocks; unsteady; difficult
Example
The rocky path made hiking difficult for the tourists.
C1 noun /ˈraɪtʃəsnəs/

righteousness

Meaning
the quality of being morally right or justifiable
Example
His life was dedicated to righteousness and truth.
B1 adjective /ˈrel.ə.tɪv/

Relative

Meaning
considered in comparison to something else; not absolute; comparative
Example
The cost of living is relative to your income level.
B2 verb /riːˈɔːrɡənaɪz/

reorganize

Meaning
to arrange something again in a different way for greater efficiency or order
Example
The manager decided to reorganize the team structure.
A2 verb /reɪz/

raise

Meaning
To lift or move something to a higher position; to increase; to bring up.
Example
She raised her hand to ask a question.
B2 noun ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən

restoration

Meaning
The process of returning something to its former condition.
Example
The restoration of the forest began after decades of neglect.
B2 noun /roʊst/

Roast

Meaning
Meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over an open fire
Example
The Sunday roast was perfectly cooked and very tender.
C1 adjective, noun /rɪˈsiːvəbl/

receivable

Meaning
Money that is owed to a company and is expected to be paid.
Example
The company's receivables increased significantly this quarter.
C1 noun ˈremnənts

remnants

Meaning
A small remaining quantity of something; a surviving trace.
Example
The remnants of the wall are still visible.
B2 noun /ˈrɒbəɹi/

robbery

Meaning
the crime of stealing from someone or somewhere using force or threat
Example
The police are investigating the robbery at the local store.
B1 verb /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

regard

Meaning
to consider or think of in a particular way; to look at
Example
She regards him as her best friend.
B1 verb /rɑːb/

rob

Meaning
to steal money or property from a person or place; to commit robbery
Example
The thief tried to rob the bank last night.
C2 noun /rʌmp/

Rump

Meaning
the hindquarters or buttocks; the lower back area
Example
The horse injured its rump during the fall.
B2 verb /reɪp/

rape

Meaning
to force someone to have sexual intercourse without their consent
Example
The law strictly punishes those who commit rape.
A1 noun ˈræbɪt

rabbit

Meaning
A small mammal with long ears, long hind legs, and a short tail
Example
The rabbit ran quickly into the forest.
C1 adjective rɪsk-ədˈʤɛstɪd

risk-adjusted

Meaning
Modified or calibrated to account for risk factors in investment returns.
Example
Risk-adjusted returns consider both potential profit and loss.
C1 adjective /ˈruːfəl/

rueful

Meaning
Expressing sorrow, regret, or pity.
Example
He gave a rueful smile after losing the match.
C2 verb /rɪˈtrɛntʃ/

retrench

Meaning
to reduce costs, spending, or staff to save resources
Example
The company had to retrench employees due to financial difficulties.
C1 verb /ˈrʌm.ɪdʒ/

rummage

Meaning
to search through something in a disorderly way
Example
He rummaged through the drawer for his keys.
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈtʌtʃ/

retouch

Meaning
To improve or repair a picture, photograph, or image by making small changes.
Example
The photographer retouched the image to remove blemishes.
B1 adverb /rɪˈpiː.tɪd.li/

Repeatedly

Meaning
again and again; many times over
Example
He repeatedly asked for help with his homework.
B2 adverb /rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/

remarkably

Meaning
in a way that is worthy of attention or notice; surprisingly
Example
She did remarkably well in the competition.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːz/

reprise

Meaning
A repetition or return to an earlier theme, role, or action.
Example
The actor reprised his role in the sequel.
C2 adjective /rɪˈflɛksəbl/

reflexible

Meaning
Capable of being reflected or bent back.
Example
The surface was highly reflexible, bouncing light in different directions.
C2 adjective /ˈrævənɪŋ/

ravening

Meaning
Extremely hungry and greedy; voracious.
Example
The ravening wolves circled the camp.
C2 verb /ˈrɔɪstər/

roister

Meaning
to revel noisily; to engage in loud, boisterous celebration
Example
The fans roistered in the streets after the victory.
C1 verb /rɪˈtɔːrt/

retort

Meaning
To reply quickly or sharply, often in a witty or angry manner.
Example
He quickly retorted that he was not to blame.
C2 adjective /rɪˈsplɛndənt/

resplendent

Meaning
Shining brilliantly; dazzling in appearance or effect
Example
The bride looked resplendent in her wedding gown.
B2 verb /rɪˈtriːv/

retrieve

Meaning
to get something back that was lost or taken; to recover
Example
She managed to retrieve her lost phone from the taxi.
C1 noun /roʊt/

rote

Meaning
mechanical or habitual repetition, often without understanding
Example
He learned the poem by rote without understanding its meaning.
C2 verb /ˈrævɪʃ/

ravish

Meaning
To fill with intense delight; to captivate or enchant.
Example
The beauty of the sunset ravished the travelers.
B1 noun /ruːt/

Root

Meaning
the part of a plant that grows underground; the basic cause, source, or origin of something
Example
We need to find the root of this problem to solve it permanently.
C1 noun /rɪˌmjuː.nəˈreɪ.ʃən/

Remuneration

Meaning
money paid for work or services; compensation or reward
Example
The job offers excellent remuneration and benefits.
C1 adjective /rɪˈkʌr.ənt/

Recurrent

Meaning
happening repeatedly; occurring again and again; periodic;
Example
She has been suffering from recurrent headaches for months.