remonstrate
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C2 verb /rɪˈmɒnstreɪt/

remonstrate

Meaning
To make a forceful protest or objection.
Example
Citizens remonstrated against the new tax policy.
B1 verb /rʌb/

rub

Meaning
to press and move something firmly against a surface; to apply pressure with movement
Example
She rubbed her hands together to keep them warm.
C1 adjective /ˈreɪdiənt/

radiant

Meaning
Shining brightly; expressing great happiness.
Example
She looked radiant in her wedding dress.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpres.ɪv/

Repressive

Meaning
restraining freedom or preventing self-expression; oppressive
Example
The repressive government banned all forms of protest.
B1 noun /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

Relation

Meaning
the way in which two or more people or things are connected; a family member
Example
They have a strong business relation that has lasted for years.
B2 noun rɪˈzɪl.i.əns

resilience

Meaning
The ability to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.
Example
Testing the resilience of wood is crucial.
B2 noun /ˌrezəˈveɪʃən/

Reservation

Meaning
the action of reserving something; an arrangement whereby something is reserved for a particular person; a qualification to an expression of agreement or approval
Example
I made a reservation at the restaurant for tonight.
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.vən/

Raven

Meaning
a large, black bird with a thick bill and harsh croaking voice
Example
The raven perched on the old oak tree and cawed loudly.
C1 verb /ˌriːɪnˈsteɪt/

reinstate

Meaning
To restore someone or something to their former position or condition.
Example
The company decided to reinstate the suspended employee.
B2 noun rɪsk ˈfæktər

risk factor

Meaning
Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition
Example
Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health.
C1 noun, verb /raʊt/

rout

Meaning
A decisive defeat; to defeat completely.
Example
The army routed the enemy forces in the battle.
B1 verb rɪˈdjuːst

reduced

Meaning
Make smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
Example
Singapore has reduced plastic usage significantly.
B2 noun /ræntʃ/

ranch

Meaning
a large farm where animals such as cattle or sheep are raised
Example
They own a huge cattle ranch in Texas.
B2 verb /ˌriː.kənˈsɪd.ər/

reconsider

Meaning
to think about something again, especially to change a decision or opinion
Example
She decided to reconsider her decision about moving abroad.
C1 noun /rɪˌsɛptɪˈvɪti/

receptivity

Meaning
The ability or willingness to receive something, especially signals or stimuli.
Example
Her receptivity to new ideas helped improve the project.
C1 adjective /ˈroʊ.ɡɪʃ/

Roguish

Meaning
mischievous; playfully dishonest
Example
His roguish smile suggested he was up to some mischief.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈlæps/

relapse

Meaning
to return to a worse condition, especially after improvement; a deterioration after recovery
Example
After months of progress, he suffered a relapse.
C1 adjective, noun /rɪˈsiːvəbl/

receivable

Meaning
Money that is owed to a company and is expected to be paid.
Example
The company's receivables increased significantly this quarter.
A2 adverb /ˈrɑː.ðər/

Rather

Meaning
to some extent; instead; preferably
Example
I would rather stay home than go to the party.
B1 adjective /rɪˈtaɪərd/

Retired

Meaning
having left one's job and ceased to work; withdrawn from activity
Example
My retired grandfather enjoys gardening in his free time.
C2 adjective /ˈruːbɪkənd/

rubicund

Meaning
Having a healthy reddish complexion.
Example
The old man’s rubicund face showed he was in good health.
B1 noun /rɪˈɡret/

Regret

Meaning
a feeling of sadness or disappointment about something that has happened or been done
Example
She felt deep regret about her harsh words.
A2 noun rɪˈpɔːt

report

Meaning
An account given of a particular matter, especially in the form of an official document after thorough investigation or consideration.
Example
The report highlights critical issues.
C2 verb /ˈræpsəˌdaɪz/

rhapsodize

Meaning
to speak or write with great enthusiasm and admiration
Example
He would often rhapsodize about his travels to Europe.
B2 noun /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs.mənt/

reinforcement

Meaning
Strengthening or supporting something, especially behavior or learning.
Example
Positive reinforcement helps in learning.
C1 verb /ˌriːəˈdʒʌst/

readjust

Meaning
To change or move something again in order to achieve a better fit, condition, or balance.
Example
He readjusted the chair to make it more comfortable.
B1 noun rɔː mətɪˈrɪəlz

raw materials

Meaning
The basic material from which a product is made.
Example
The factory imports raw materials for production.
C1 verb /ˈræʃənaɪz/

rationlize

Meaning
to justify or explain something with logical reasons, even if not appropriate or true
Example
He tried to rationlize his mistake by blaming the system.
B2 verb /ˌriːəˈʃʊr/

reassure

Meaning
to say or do something to remove someone's doubts or fears
Example
The teacher reassured the students before the exam.
B1 adverb /ˈriː.zən.ə.bli/

Reasonably

Meaning
in a sensible way; fairly; to a moderate degree
Example
The hotel room was reasonably priced for the location.
C2 noun /ˈrɛv.ər.i/

reverie

Meaning
A state of being pleasantly lost in one's thoughts; a daydream.
Example
Lost in reverie, he didn't hear his name being called.
C1 noun /rɪˈsɜː.dʒəns/

resurgence

Meaning
An increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
Example
The city saw a resurgence in tourism after the pandemic.
B2 noun ˌriːfɔːˈreɪʃən

reforestation

Meaning
The natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted.
Example
Reforestation efforts are crucial to restoring ecosystems.
B2 verb /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/

reinforce

Meaning
To strengthen or support something with additional material, people, or effort.
Example
The teacher used examples to reinforce the lesson.
B2 adjective /raɪp/

Ripe

Meaning
fully developed and ready to eat; mature; ready for action or use
Example
The bananas are ripe and ready to eat.
A2 noun /ruːf/

roof

Meaning
the top covering of a building or vehicle
Example
The roof of the house needs to be repaired.
B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zən/

Raisin

Meaning
dried grape
Example
She added raisins to the oatmeal cookies for extra sweetness.
C1 adjective /riˈækʃəˌneri/

reactionary

Meaning
Opposing political or social progress or reform; extremely conservative.
Example
The group took a reactionary stance against the new policies.
B2 verb /ˈræm.bəl/

ramble

Meaning
to talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way; to walk for pleasure without a fixed route.
Example
He rambled on about his childhood for hours.
C1 noun /ˈrɛt.ər.ɪk/

rhetoric

Meaning
The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing; skillful use of language to influence others.
Example
Political leaders often use rhetoric to influence people.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpliːt/

replete

Meaning
Filled or well-supplied with something; abundantly full.
Example
The book is replete with fascinating historical details.
C2 adjective /rɪˈdaʊ.tə.bəl/

redoubtable

Meaning
formidable, especially as an opponent; inspiring fear or respect
Example
She was a redoubtable leader who commanded respect from all.
B2 noun rɪˈzentmənt

resentment

Meaning
Bitter indignation at having been treated unfairly.
Example
Resentment grew among the students.
C2 noun /rɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

renunciation

Meaning
the formal rejection or giving up of something, usually a belief, claim, or way of life
Example
His renunciation of worldly pleasures impressed the monks.
B2 noun /ˈrɛzərvwɑːr/

reservoir

Meaning
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.
Example
The city built a new reservoir to ensure enough drinking water for its residents.
B1 noun rɪˈflɛkʃən

reflection

Meaning
Serious thought or consideration about something.
Example
The reflection of the past filled his heart with sadness.
B2 verb /ˌriːəˈreɪndʒ/

rearrange

Meaning
to change the order or position of something
Example
She decided to rearrange the furniture in her living room.
C1 adjective /ˈrɔːkəs/

raucous

Meaning
loud, harsh, and unpleasant sound or behavior
Example
The crowd became raucous after the team scored.
A1 noun /ˈrɛst(ə)rɒnt/

restaurant

Meaning
a place where meals are prepared and served to customers
Example
We went to the restaurant for dinner.
B2 adjective /ˈrɑː.ki/

Rocky

Meaning
full of rocks; unsteady; difficult
Example
The rocky path made hiking difficult for the tourists.
C1 noun /ˈrɛl.ɪk/

relic

Meaning
an object surviving from an earlier time, often of historical or religious interest
Example
The museum displayed relics from the ancient civilization.
C1 verb /ˌriː.ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

reestablish

Meaning
to set up or restore something again after it has been disrupted
Example
The government worked hard to reestablish peace in the region.
B2 noun ˈrɛvənuː

revenue

Meaning
Income, especially when of a company or organization.
Example
The company's revenue grew by 10% this year.
B2 noun /ˈræŋkɪŋ/

ranking

Meaning
a position in a list or hierarchy, especially in terms of performance or importance
Example
His ranking in the competition improved after each round.
C1 phrase ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈfɔː.rəm

regional forum

Meaning
A meeting or conference where representatives from countries or organizations in a specific geographical area discuss issues of common interest.
Example
The Regional Forum discussed deforestation impacts.
C1 adjective /ˈræb.ɪd/

rabid

Meaning
Having extreme or fanatical support for something; relating to or suffering from rabies.
Example
He was a rabid fan of the football team.
C2 noun /roʊˈtʌn.də.ti/

rotundity

Meaning
the quality of being round or plump
Example
The rotundity of the balloon made it float gracefully.
B2 noun /ˈrækɪt/

racket

Meaning
A piece of equipment used to hit the ball in sports like tennis or badminton; also a loud noise or an illegal scheme.
Example
He bought a new tennis racket for the match.
B2 noun /rɪˈmeɪn.dər/

Remainder

Meaning
the part that is left over; what remains after the other parts have been taken away
Example
The remainder of the food was stored in the refrigerator.
C1 noun /rɔ ˈtɜrmərɪk/

Raw Turmeric

Meaning
fresh unprocessed root of the turmeric plant used as a spice and medicine
Example
Grate raw turmeric into the curry for authentic flavor.
A2 noun /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

running

Meaning
the action or sport of running
Example
Running every morning keeps me healthy.
C1 noun /rɪˈvɒl.vər/

Revolver

Meaning
a pistol with revolving chambers enabling several shots to be fired without reloading
Example
The detective drew his revolver from its holster.
C2 noun /ˈreɪmənt/

raiment

Meaning
clothing, especially fine or formal wear
Example
The king wore royal raiment during the ceremony.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpʌɡ.nənt/

Repugnant

Meaning
extremely distasteful; unacceptable; causing disgust or strong dislike
Example
The idea of lying to his parents was repugnant to him.
C1 verb /ˈrʌm.ɪdʒ/

rummage

Meaning
to search through something in a disorderly way
Example
He rummaged through the drawer for his keys.
B2 verb /ˌriːkriˈeɪt/

recreate

Meaning
to create or produce something again, especially a new version of something lost or destroyed
Example
The team recreated the lost dataset from backups.
A2 verb /raɪz/

rise

Meaning
to move upward; to get up from bed; to increase
Example
The sun rises in the east.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɛnt/

resent

Meaning
to feel bitterness or displeasure about something or someone
Example
She began to resent the constant criticism from her boss.
B1 verb /rɪˈflekt/

reflect

Meaning
to think deeply about; to mirror back light or image
Example
The mirror reflects her beautiful face.
C2 noun /ræpˈskæliən/

rapscallion

Meaning
A mischievous or cheeky person; a rascal.
Example
The little rapscallion hid his brother’s shoes as a prank.
C1 noun rɪˌkuːpərˈeɪʃən

recuperation

Meaning
The process of gradually recovering from illness or fatigue
Example
Rest is essential for recuperation after illness.
A2 noun, verb /ˈriːzən/

reason

Meaning
A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event; to think or argue logically.
Example
There is no reason to be upset.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɪst/

resist

Meaning
to oppose or fight against; to withstand
Example
He could not resist the temptation.
B1 adjective /rɪˈmoʊt/

remote

Meaning
Situated far from the main centers of population; distant.
Example
They stayed in a remote village during their trip.
B2 noun /reɪdʒ/

rage

Meaning
intense anger or fury
Example
She shouted in a fit of rage after hearing the news.
C1 verb /rɪˈmɪt/

remit

Meaning
To send money in payment or as a gift; to cancel or refrain from exacting a debt or punishment.
Example
He promised to remit the payment by the end of the week.
B2 noun /roʊˈteɪʃən/

Rotation

Meaning
the action of rotating around an axis or center; a single turn
Example
The Earth's rotation takes 24 hours to complete.
B2 adjective /ræʃ/

rash

Meaning
Acting quickly without careful consideration; reckless.
Example
It was a rash decision to invest without research.
C2 adjective /ˈrɛkənˌdaɪt/ or /ˈrɛkəndaɪt/

recondite

Meaning
Little known or difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was full of recondite theories.
B2 verb /rɪˈfreɪn/

refrain

Meaning
To hold oneself back from doing something.
Example
Please refrain from smoking in this area.
C2 adjective /ˈrɛd.ələnt/

redolent

Meaning
having a strong pleasant smell; strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something
Example
The kitchen was redolent of spices and fresh herbs.
A2 verb /rɪˈlæks/

relax

Meaning
to make or become less tense or anxious; to rest
Example
After a long day, she likes to relax with a good book.
B1 adjective /ˈrɔɪ.əl/

Royal

Meaning
belonging to or connected with the monarch or monarchy; magnificent; excellent
Example
The royal family attended the ceremony.
A1 adjective /raʊnd/

round

Meaning
having a circular shape; shaped like a sphere or disk
Example
The table was round and had a smooth surface.
C2 noun /rɪˈfrɪndʒənsi/

refringency

Meaning
The ability of a substance to bend light; refractive power.
Example
Glass has a higher refringency than water.
B2 verb /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

rejoice

Meaning
to feel or show great joy; to celebrate
Example
The family rejoices at the good news.
C1 adjective /ˈrʌɡ.ɪd/

Rugged

Meaning
rough and uneven; having a rough irregular surface; tough and strong
Example
The hikers crossed the rugged mountain terrain.
B2 verb /rɪˈfreʃ/

refresh

Meaning
to make fresh again; to restore energy
Example
A cold drink refreshes me on hot days.
B2 noun /ˈrʊki/

rookie

Meaning
a person who is new to an activity or organization; a beginner
Example
The rookie policeman made a few mistakes on his first day.
C2 noun /raɪm/

rime

Meaning
frost formed on cold surfaces by freezing water vapor
Example
The trees were covered with a white rime after the cold night.
B2 noun ˌreɪ.di.oʊ.ækˈtɪv.ə.ti

radioactivity

Meaning
The emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.
Example
Radioactivity is used in medical treatments like cancer therapy.
B2 noun /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/

reproduction

Meaning
The process of producing offspring; the act of copying or duplicating.
Example
The textbook included a detailed diagram of human reproduction.
B2 adjective /ˈrɪski/

risky

Meaning
Involving the possibility of danger, harm, or loss
Example
Investing in that startup is risky but could bring high rewards.
B2 noun/verb /ræft/

raft

Meaning
A flat structure made of logs or planks tied together, used as a boat or floating platform; to travel or transport on such a structure.
Example
They built a raft to cross the river.
A1 verb /riːd/

read

Meaning
to look at written words and understand their meaning
Example
I read books before going to bed.
C1 verb /rɪˈprɛs/

repress

Meaning
To restrain, suppress, or keep under control, especially emotions or desires.
Example
He tried to repress his anger during the meeting.
C1 adjective /ˈræspi/

raspy

Meaning
having a harsh, rough, or grating sound
Example
His raspy voice revealed years of smoking.
C2 noun /ˈrɛdʒɪsaɪd/

regicide

Meaning
the act of killing a king
Example
The conspirators were executed for committing regicide.
B2 noun /ˈraɪvəl/

Rival

Meaning
a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field
Example
The two companies have been business rivals for decades.
B1 verb /rɪˈviːl/

reveal

Meaning
to make known or show something that was hidden
Example
The investigation revealed the truth.
B1 noun /rɪˈliːf/

Relief

Meaning
a feeling of comfort after worry or distress; assistance given to those in need
Example
She felt great relief when the exam was over.
B1 adjective /ˌriːəˈlɪstɪk/

realistic

Meaning
having or showing a sensible and practical idea of what can be achieved or expected
Example
She gave a realistic estimate of the project's cost.
B2 noun /ˌriː.əˈʃʊr.əns/

Reassurance

Meaning
comfort or confidence given to someone to remove their fears or doubts
Example
She needed reassurance that everything would be okay.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɛmbəl/

resemble

Meaning
to look like or be similar to something or someone
Example
She resembles her mother in both appearance and mannerisms.
B2 noun /ræk/

Rack

Meaning
a framework or structure for holding or storing things
Example
She hung her coat on the rack by the door.
C2 adjective /rɪˈfræɡəbəl/

refragable

Meaning
Capable of being refuted or disproved.
Example
His argument was weak and easily refragable.
C1 noun /ˈredʒ.ɪ.mən/

regimen

Meaning
A prescribed course of medical treatment, way of life, or diet for the promotion or restoration of health.
Example
A strict exercise regimen improves overall fitness.
C1 verb /ˈrɛplɪkeɪt/

replicate

Meaning
to copy, reproduce, or duplicate something exactly
Example
The scientist tried to replicate the experiment for accuracy.
C1 adjective /ˌruː.dɪˈmen.tər.i/

Rudimentary

Meaning
basic; elementary; undeveloped; in the earliest stage of development
Example
She has only rudimentary knowledge of French.
A2 noun /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/

Relationship

Meaning
the way two people or groups feel and behave towards each other; a connection between two things
Example
They have a very close relationship.
C1 verb /rɒmp/

romp

Meaning
to play or move in a lively, carefree, and energetic way
Example
The children romped happily in the garden.
C1 noun /ˌriːhəˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/

rehabilitation

Meaning
the process of restoring someone or something to health or normal life through training or therapy
Example
After the accident, he went through months of rehabilitation to walk again.
C1 noun /ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Ratification

Meaning
the action of signing or giving formal consent to a treaty, contract, or agreement
Example
The treaty required ratification by both countries' parliaments.
C1 noun /ræˈpɔːr/

rapport

Meaning
A close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas.
Example
The teacher built a strong rapport with her students.
C1 verb /rɪˈtælieɪt/

retaliate

Meaning
to make an attack in return for a similar attack
Example
The army retaliated after the enemy attack.
C1 noun /rɑk sɔlt/

Rock Salt

Meaning
natural salt crystals formed from evaporated ancient seas; unrefined salt
Example
Rock salt is considered healthier than table salt.
B2 noun /ˈrɪə.lɪ.zəm/

realism

Meaning
The quality of representing things as they are; a practical or factual view.
Example
Her paintings are admired for their realism.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsənt/

reminiscent

Meaning
Tending to remind one of something; suggestive of something in the past.
Example
The smell of rain is reminiscent of my childhood in the village.
C2 noun/verb /ˈrɛkəmˌpɛns/

recompense

Meaning
to compensate someone for loss or harm suffered; compensation given for damage or injury
Example
The company offered financial recompense to the injured worker.
C2 verb /rɪˈkjʊə/

recure

Meaning
to cure again; to remedy a second time
Example
The doctor had to recure the wound after it reopened.
C1 verb /rɪˈsʌsɪteɪt/

resuscitate

Meaning
to revive someone from unconsciousness or apparent death
Example
The doctors tried to resuscitate the patient after the heart attack.