Relationship
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A2 noun /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/

Relationship

Meaning
the way two people or groups feel and behave towards each other; a connection between two things
Example
They have a very close relationship.
B2 noun ˈmaɪnd.set

mindset

Meaning
The established set of attitudes held by someone.
Example
A growth mindset helps individuals embrace challenges.
C2 adjective /ˈfraɪəbl/

friable

Meaning
Easily crumbled or reduced to powder.
Example
The old brick wall was friable and broke apart at a touch.
C2 noun /ˌmɑːhəˈrɑːdʒə/

maharaja

Meaning
A great king, especially a ruler of one of the principal states in India.
Example
The maharaja lived in a grand palace surrounded by gardens.
C1 verb /swɜːrv/

swerve

Meaning
to change direction suddenly, especially to avoid hitting something
Example
The car swerved to avoid the dog.
B2 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/

Violation

Meaning
the action of violating someone or something; the action of breaking or failing to comply with a rule or formal agreement
Example
The company was fined for violation of environmental regulations.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ/

encroach

Meaning
to gradually take over or intrude on someone’s rights, territory, or space
Example
The buildings began to encroach on the protected forest land.
C2 noun /ˌɒpəˈrɛtə/

operetta

Meaning
a short opera with light and humorous themes
Example
The theater staged a famous operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan.
C2 verb /ˈʌndərˌmæn/

underman

Meaning
to supply with fewer workers or personnel than needed
Example
The hospital was undermanned during the flu outbreak.
C2 verb /ˈæd.ʌm.breɪt/

adumbrate

Meaning
to foreshadow or suggest something in an unclear or indirect way
Example
The report adumbrates future economic challenges.
B2 adjective /prəˈfɪʃ.ənt/

proficient

Meaning
Competent or skilled in doing or using something; having great knowledge or experience.
Example
She is highly proficient in multiple languages.
B1 noun /preɪz/

Praise

Meaning
words that show approval or admiration; to express approval or admiration
Example
The teacher gave praise to the students for their hard work.
C1 adjective /ˈærɪd/

arid

Meaning
extremely dry; lacking in interest or excitement
Example
The desert is known for its arid climate.
C1 adjective /ˈtɜːrbjələnt/

turbulent

Meaning
Characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not stable or calm.
Example
The country went through a turbulent period of political change.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbl̩/

indefatigable

Meaning
persisting tirelessly; incapable of being fatigued
Example
Her indefatigable spirit kept the team motivated during the long project.
B2 noun/verb /ˌbærɪˈkeɪd/

barricade

Meaning
a barrier erected to block or defend against movement; to block a passage with obstacles
Example
Protesters built a barricade across the street.
B2 adverb /ˈsiː.krət.li/

secretly

Meaning
in a way that is hidden or not known by others
Example
She secretly planned a surprise party for her friend.
C2 noun /brɪˈtæniə/

britannia

Meaning
the personification of Britain, often shown as a woman with a helmet and shield
Example
Britannia has been a symbol of Britain since Roman times.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
B2 noun /rɪˈsiː.vər/

Receiver

Meaning
a person or thing that receives something; the part of a telephone containing the earpiece and mouthpiece
Example
She picked up the receiver to answer the phone call.
C2 noun /ˈseɪ.li.əns/

salience

Meaning
The quality of being particularly noticeable or important; prominence.
Example
The salience of the issue was highlighted in the debate.
B2 noun ˈəʊnəʃɪp

ownership

Meaning
The act, state, or right of possessing something; legal title to something.
Example
Ownership of resources was crucial.
B2 noun /ˈlaɪ.nər/

liner

Meaning
A large ship used for transporting people or goods regularly, or a material used as a lining inside something.
Example
The luxury liner docked at the port yesterday.
B1 adjective /kənˈsɪdərəbl/

considerable

Meaning
large in amount, size, or importance
Example
The project required a considerable amount of time and money.
A2 conjunction /nɔːr/

nor

Meaning
used to introduce a negative clause after a negative statement
Example
He didn't call, nor did he send a message.
C2 noun /ɡəˈruːlɪti/

garrulity

Meaning
Excessive talkativeness, especially about trivial matters.
Example
His garrulity made it hard to focus during the meeting.
C2 adverb, adjective /ˈɡrætɪs/ or /ˈɡreɪtɪs/

gratis

Meaning
Without charge; free of cost.
Example
The drinks at the event were provided gratis.
C1 verb /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːrt/

disconcert

Meaning
To unsettle, confuse, or disturb the composure of someone.
Example
The sudden change of plans disconcerted the team.
B1 verb /ɪˈneɪbəl/

enable

Meaning
to make something possible; to give power or ability
Example
This software enables users to edit videos easily.
C2 noun, verb /ˈkaʊntərˌtʃɑːrdʒ/

countercharge

Meaning
an opposing charge or accusation; to make an opposing attack
Example
The lawyer filed a countercharge against the accuser.
C2 adjective /ˈkoʊltɪʃ/

coltish

Meaning
Playful, energetic, and not fully mature or disciplined.
Example
The coltish boy ran around the field without a care.
B1 adjective /ˈmʌl.tɪ.pl̩/

Multiple

Meaning
having many parts, elements, or members; numerous
Example
She suffered multiple injuries in the accident.
C1 noun ˌmek.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

mechanization

Meaning
The process of introducing machines or replacing manual labor with machines.
Example
Mechanization has revolutionized agriculture.
C1 noun /ˈspɔɪlˌspɔːrt/

spoilsport

Meaning
A person who ruins other people's enjoyment or fun.
Example
Don't be a spoilsport and let us enjoy the party.
C2 noun /lɒx/ or /lɒk/

lough

Meaning
An Irish or Scottish word for a lake or sea inlet.
Example
The fishermen lived by the lough for generations.
B1 adjective /drʌŋk/

drunk

Meaning
affected by alcohol to the point of losing control of one's faculties or behavior
Example
He was too drunk to walk straight.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈkwaɪətɪŋ/

disquieting

Meaning
Causing worry, unease, or anxiety.
Example
The news report was deeply disquieting to the public.
C1 noun /ˌædʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

agitation

Meaning
a state of nervousness, excitement, or unrest; or action of stirring up public concern
Example
There was visible agitation among the crowd.
C2 adjective /dɪsˈkɜrsɪv/

discursive

Meaning
Tending to digress or move from topic to topic; lengthy and rambling.
Example
His discursive style made the lecture hard to follow.
C1 noun /ˈfæk.ʃən/

Faction

Meaning
a small organized dissenting group within a larger one
Example
Different factions within the party disagreed about the new policy.
C2 noun /ˈsɪbəraɪt/

sybarite

Meaning
a person who loves luxury and pleasure
Example
The millionaire was a true sybarite who lived only for comfort and enjoyment.
B2 noun /prɒkˈsɪmɪti/

proximity

Meaning
Nearness in space, time, or relationship.
Example
The proximity of the school to her house made it convenient.
B2 noun /ˌsɜː.kjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

circulation

Meaning
The movement of blood through the body, or the movement of any fluid through a closed system.
Example
Proper circulation ensures that oxygen and nutrients reach every cell.
C1 noun /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/

Commander-in-chief

Meaning
the supreme leader of a nation's armed forces
Example
The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military.
A2 verb /stɔːr/

store

Meaning
to keep things in a place for future use; to save information
Example
She stores her winter clothes in the attic.
C1 noun, verb /buːz/

booze

Meaning
alcoholic drink, especially strong liquor; to drink alcohol, often excessively
Example
They bought some booze for the party.
B1 noun /ˌfɜːrst ˈeɪd/

first aid

Meaning
Immediate assistance given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available
Example
He gave first aid to the injured cyclist before the ambulance arrived.
C2 adjective /ˈoʊ.pən ˈhæn.dɪd/

Open-handed

Meaning
Generous; liberal; giving freely;
Example
He is very open-handed with his money and always helps those in need.
B2 verb /ɪkˈskluːd/

exclude

Meaning
To deliberately leave out or prevent someone or something from being included.
Example
The list excludes temporary workers.
C2 noun /traɪˈʌmvɪrət/

triumvirate

Meaning
A political regime ruled or dominated by three powerful individuals.
Example
The Roman Republic was once governed by a triumvirate.
C1 verb, adjective, noun /lɪmp/

limp

Meaning
to walk with difficulty, often due to injury or weakness; lacking strength or firmness.
Example
He limped after injuring his ankle.
C2 noun /ˈkɪzmɛt/

kismet

Meaning
Destiny or fate.
Example
Meeting her on that day felt like pure kismet.
B1 verb /bliːd/

bleed

Meaning
to lose blood from the body, especially due to injury
Example
She began to bleed from the cut on her arm.
A2 adjective /mɪkst/

mixed

Meaning
consisting of different elements or having varied opinions or feelings
Example
The audience had mixed reactions to the film.
B2 noun /ˈaʊtbɜːrst/

outburst

Meaning
a sudden release of strong emotion or activity
Example
She had an angry outburst during the meeting.
C1 noun /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/

foot-note

Meaning
A note of reference, explanation, or comment placed at the bottom of a page.
Example
The author included a foot-note to explain the historical context.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪ.tɪd/

simulated

Meaning
Artificially created to look real but not actually real.
Example
The pilot trained in a simulated flight environment.
C2 adjective /ˈvɜːrdənt/

verdant

Meaning
Green with grass or other rich vegetation; lush and fertile.
Example
The hills looked verdant after the monsoon rains.
C2 noun ˌhiː.məˈfɪl.i.ə

hemophilia

Meaning
A medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.
Example
Hemophilia treatment benefits from genetic editing.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
C2 noun /ˈlæriət/

lariat

Meaning
A long rope with a noose at one end used to catch animals such as cattle or horses.
Example
The cowboy threw his lariat to catch the stray horse.
C2 adjective /ˈven.tʃər.əs/

Venturous

Meaning
willing to take risks; adventurous; bold
Example
The venturous explorer climbed the dangerous mountain.
C2 noun /slaɪt/

sleight

Meaning
Skill or dexterity, especially in performing tricks.
Example
The magician amazed the crowd with his sleight of hand.
C2 noun /ˌbræɡəˈdoʊʃioʊ/

braggadocio

Meaning
boastful or arrogant behavior; empty boasting
Example
His endless braggadocio annoyed everyone at the party.
B2 noun /dɪˈpləʊməsi/

diplomacy

Meaning
The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations or handling affairs tactfully.
Example
Effective diplomacy helped avoid the conflict.
C1 adjective /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/

makeshift

Meaning
used as a temporary substitute; improvised
Example
They used boxes as a makeshift table.
C2 adjective /ˌmʌl.tɪˈfeə.ri.əs/

Multifarious

Meaning
having many different aspects or forms; diverse and varied
Example
The company has multifarious business interests including technology, finance, and healthcare.
C2 noun dɪsˈbɜːs.mənt

disbursement

Meaning
The payment of money from a fund.
Example
The company's disbursement of salaries was delayed.
A1 adjective /hɒt/

Hot

Meaning
having high temperature; warm; heated;
Example
The coffee is too hot to drink.
B2 noun /dɪsˈɡaɪz/

Disguise

Meaning
a means of altering one's appearance to conceal one's identity; something that hides the truth
Example
The spy wore an elaborate disguise to avoid being recognized by enemies.
A2 noun /mɛs/

mess

Meaning
A state of disorder or untidiness.
Example
The kids left the room in a complete mess.
B2 adjective /ˈdjʊərəbəl/

Durable

Meaning
able to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; lasting; strong
Example
This durable fabric will last for many years.
A1 noun /ˈtiː.ʃɜːrt/

T-shirt

Meaning
a casual shirt with short sleeves and no collar
Example
She bought a new t-shirt for the summer vacation.
A2 adverb /ˈsʌd.ən.li/

Suddenly

Meaning
quickly and without warning; unexpectedly
Example
The car suddenly stopped in the middle of the road.
C1 adjective /ˈbed.rɪd.ən/

Bedridden

Meaning
confined to bed; unable to leave one's bed due to illness or infirmity
Example
The elderly man has been bedridden for several months.
C1 noun /ˈboʊ.ə/

Boa

Meaning
a large non-venomous snake that kills prey by constriction
Example
The boa constrictor wrapped around its prey.
C1 noun /ˌkɒndʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/

conjugation

Meaning
the variation of the form of a verb to indicate tense, person, and number
Example
French verbs have complex conjugations.
C2 adjective /ˈpɛnɪtrəbl/

penetrable

Meaning
Capable of being passed through or entered.
Example
The thin wall was easily penetrable.
A2 noun /hɪl/

Hill

Meaning
a naturally raised area of land, not as high or craggy as a mountain
Example
The children enjoyed rolling down the grassy hill behind their house during summer vacation.
C1 adjective /rɪˈkʌr.ənt/

Recurrent

Meaning
happening repeatedly; occurring again and again; periodic;
Example
She has been suffering from recurrent headaches for months.
C2 noun /ˌɛləˈkjuːʃn/

elocution

Meaning
The skill of clear and expressive speech, especially in public speaking.
Example
She improved her elocution through constant practice.
C1 noun /ˈlæt.ɪ.tuːd/

Latitude

Meaning
the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator; freedom to act or think
Example
The GPS device showed our exact latitude and longitude coordinates on the map.
C1 noun /ˈʌp.tɜːn/

upturn

Meaning
An improvement or upward trend in a situation, especially in business or economy.
Example
The company experienced an upturn in sales last quarter.
B1 noun /ˈvaɪrəs/

virus

Meaning
A tiny infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism.
Example
The computer was infected with a dangerous virus.
C2 verb /traɪˈsɛkt/

trisect

Meaning
To divide into three parts.
Example
The teacher asked the students to trisect the line segment.
A2 verb /ˈrɛkəɡnaɪz/

recognize

Meaning
To identify someone or something seen before; to acknowledge or accept.
Example
She did not recognize him in the crowd.
C1 adjective ˈsɒvrɪn

sovereign

Meaning
Possessing supreme or ultimate power; independent.
Example
The sovereign government has control over its currency.
B2 noun /əˈstrɒlədʒi/

astrology

Meaning
the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs
Example
She studied astrology to understand her future.
B2 verb /ænˈtɪsɪˌpeɪt/

anticipate

Meaning
to expect or look forward to something; to realize or foresee in advance
Example
We anticipate a large crowd at the event.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.ə.bəl/

Enviable

Meaning
causing envy; desirable
Example
Her success was enviable among her peers.
C2 adverb/adjective /lɪˈɡɑːtoʊ/

legato

Meaning
In music, played or sung smoothly and connectedly.
Example
The pianist played the passage legato, with each note flowing into the next.
C2 noun prəˈklɪv.ə.ti

proclivity

Meaning
A tendency to choose or do something regularly; an inclination or predisposition toward a particular thing.
Example
She has a proclivity for learning new languages.
C2 noun /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/

perspicacity

Meaning
Sharp insight, keen understanding and discernment.
Example
Her perspicacity in business decisions led to success.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊtəm/

totem

Meaning
A natural object, animal, or symbol that is revered as a spiritual emblem by a group or tribe.
Example
The eagle is considered a sacred totem in many cultures.
C1 verb /ˈrɛzəneɪt/

resonate

Meaning
To produce or be filled with a deep, full, and reverberating sound; to evoke a feeling or memory.
Example
Her words resonated with the audience.
C2 adjective /krəˈmætɪk/

chromatic

Meaning
Relating to colors or, in music, notes outside the standard scale.
Example
The artist used a chromatic palette to create vibrant contrasts.
C1 adjective /ˈfleɪɡrənt/

flagrant

Meaning
shockingly noticeable or evident; glaringly wrong
Example
It was a flagrant violation of the rules.
B2 adjective /ˈrɑː.ki/

Rocky

Meaning
full of rocks; unsteady; difficult
Example
The rocky path made hiking difficult for the tourists.
B2 noun speɪs ɪksplɔːˈreɪʃən

space exploration

Meaning
The investigation of outer space by means of manned and unmanned spacecraft.
Example
Space exploration has expanded our knowledge of the universe.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔɪz.ləs/

Noiseless

Meaning
making no sound; completely silent
Example
She moved through the house in noiseless steps so as not to wake the baby.
C2 adjective /ɑːrˈbɔːr.i.əl/

arboreal

Meaning
Relating to trees or living in trees; tree-dwelling.
Example
Monkeys are arboreal animals that spend most of their time in trees.
C2 noun /ˈbreɪziər/

Brazier

Meaning
a worker in brass; a portable container for burning charcoal or coal
Example
The brazier crafted beautiful brass ornaments.
B2 adjective /ˈjuːθfəl/

Youthful

Meaning
having the qualities of youth; energetic and fresh
Example
Her youthful energy impressed everyone at work.
B2 adjective /ɔːˈθen.tɪk/

Authentic

Meaning
genuine; real; not fake or copied
Example
The museum displays only authentic artifacts from ancient civilizations.
B2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk/

exotic

Meaning
Unusual and attractive because it is from a foreign place or culture.
Example
The garden was filled with exotic plants from tropical countries.
C2 adjective /ˌhæfˈhɑːr.tɪd/

halfhearted

Meaning
lacking enthusiasm or determination; unenthusiastic
Example
His halfhearted attempt to study did not bring good results.
B2 verb rɪˈzaɪn

resign

Meaning
Voluntarily leave a job or other position.
Example
Ministers were forced to resign.
C1 verb /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/

dislodge

Meaning
To remove or force out from a position, especially one that is fixed or hard to move.
Example
The troops dislodged the enemy from the hill.
B2 noun ˈfrʌn.tɪərz

frontiers

Meaning
The extreme limit of settled land beyond which lies wilderness; the limits of knowledge or achievement in a particular field.
Example
The project pushes the frontiers of space exploration.
C2 verb /ˈsæŋktɪfaɪ/

sanctify

Meaning
to make holy or sacred; to purify
Example
The priest will sanctify the marriage ceremony.
C2 noun /kəmˈpleɪsəns/

complaisance

Meaning
willingness to please others; courteous compliance
Example
Her complaisance made her popular among her colleagues.
C1 adjective /səˈsɛp.tə.bəl/

susceptible

Meaning
Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing.
Example
Children are more susceptible to infections.
C2 adjective /ˈkjʊərətɪv/

curative

Meaning
Able to cure disease or restore health.
Example
The doctor prescribed a curative treatment for the illness.
C1 adjective /əˈniːmɪk/

anemic

Meaning
Suffering from anemia; lacking in vitality, strength, or color.
Example
The doctor prescribed iron supplements for her anemic condition.
B2 noun /ˈsikwəl/

Sequel

Meaning
a published, broadcast, or recorded work that continues the story or develops the theme of an earlier one; something that takes place after or as a result of an earlier event
Example
The movie sequel was even more successful than the original.
C1 adjective ˈɒb.stɪ.nət

obstinate

Meaning
Refusing to change one's mind or accept others' advice easily.
Example
He remained obstinate despite the logical arguments.
C1 noun /ˈhɛzɪtəns/

hesitance

Meaning
The quality or state of being reluctant or uncertain.
Example
Her hesitance to speak up delayed the decision.
C1 noun /ʌnˈfeɪθfʊlnəs/

unfaithfulness

Meaning
the quality of being disloyal or not faithful; breach of trust or fidelity
Example
His unfaithfulness led to the end of their marriage.
B2 noun /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

Consumption

Meaning
The using up of a resource or the amount of a product consumed by consumers.
Example
High energy consumption leads to increased electricity bills.
A1 verb /hoʊld/

hold

Meaning
to grasp or carry something; to maintain a position
Example
Please hold my hand.
B2 noun /ˌfæs.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Fascination

Meaning
the power to fascinate someone; the state of being intensely interested
Example
Her fascination with ancient history led her to become an archaeologist.