The bending of light, sound, or other waves when they pass from one medium to another of different density.

The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.

a situation in which progress is impossible because of disagreement

prolonged and idle discussion; fuss or unnecessary talk

relating to fishing or fishermen

a strong feeling that something is about to happen, often something negative

an informal meeting or conference to discuss something

smaller in amount; of lower importance; inferior

A stock or amount of something supplied or available for use.

enduring for a long time; permanent; durable

Reigning; currently holding power, authority, or dominance.

A promise or firm decision to do something; the state or quality of being dedicated to a cause or activity.

extremely cold; sharply critical or harsh

a festive event or activity to honor an occasion

used to express regret or disappointment about something

to catch with a hook; to fasten

to move something so as to allow access; to begin

An unrestrained outpouring of words, feelings, or emotions.

Essential nutrients required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.

Briefly and clearly expressed; characterized by clear, precise expression in few words.

a track made of steel rails along which trains run; a system of tracks with trains, stations, and other facilities

bad-tempered and sullen; moody

Small harmful animals or insects that are difficult to control and carry disease.

a senior teacher or academic at a college or university

to happen as a result or consequence

An activity or sport played for amusement, competition, or skill.

the quality of being different or diverse; a number of things of the same general class that are distinct in character or quality

a disagreement or argument about something important

A sudden and violent shaking of the ground as a result of movements within the earth's crust.

An infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea with blood and mucus.

being in use or taken; filled or lived in; controlled or held by force

A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.

a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure; a violent tropical storm

the time of darkness between one day and the next, when most people sleep

Too extreme to bear; intolerable.

money in the form of bills or coins, not checks or credit

not celibate; having engaged in sexual relations; lacking moral purity

A strong supporter of a party, cause, or person; showing biased allegiance.

the beginning or initial stage of something

praised or boasted about, especially excessively

the process of flowering or reaching an optimal stage of development

A region or area lacking in scientific development, research facilities, or educational institutions.

moving in a constant direction on (a road, path, or surface)

a person or thing that makes or produces something

To swell out or bulge.

a feeling of self-consciousness, shame, or awkwardness

restricted to a particular person, group, or area; not shared with others

something that may happen or be the case; a chance that something exists or might occur

to throw; to choose actors for a play; to shape metal

Originating in human activity; caused by humans.

The benefits people obtain from ecosystems.

A sweet liquid produced by flowers that serves as food for butterflies.

A substance used to preserve foodstuffs, wood, or other materials against decay.

in a willing manner; voluntarily; with free will

related to education, learning, or scholarly activities

Not made less intense or relieved; unrelieved.

having a strong pleasant smell; strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something

designed to be practical and useful, rather than just decorative

The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.

Justified or authorized under the circumstances.

a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greater than that of the air it displaces

A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful.

a female royal family member, especially the daughter of a king or queen; a woman regarded as noble, cherished, or elegant

physical suffering or discomfort; mental or emotional distress

Very weak, thin, or slight; lacking a strong basis.

To embezzle or steal money, especially public funds.

a liquid or semi-liquid substance served with food to add moisture and flavor

Of, relating to, or characteristic of the sea; living or growing in the sea.

coming after the nineteenth in order; being one of twenty equal parts.

a prediction or estimate of future events, especially coming weather conditions

a small boat, often carried by a larger ship

Something light, thin, and delicate, like a fine fabric or cobweb.

parallel to the horizon; flat and level from side to side

to spring back after hitting something; to rebound.

a place to sit, especially a chair or other place for sitting

a group of supporters or people who admire something or someone

devoutly religious; showing reverence for God

a place where trees, shrubs, and plants are grown for scientific study or public display

capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops; able to conceive children

Physically strong and muscular.

physically in contact with and supported by a surface

a direction, path, or a set of educational lessons

to describe or portray the distinctive features or qualities of someone or something

attention to something; a written or printed announcement

a person's nickname or descriptive name

food or nourishment that sustains life

A period of time during which a person refrains from using electronic devices such as smartphones or computers, regarded as an opportunity to reduce stress or focus on social interaction in the physical world.

The scientific study of the atmosphere and weather.

in a very cruel, shocking, or extremely bad manner

the number 40; ten times four

lasting; unchanging; enduring

an attempt to make something that is not the case appear true

close in space or time; almost

The process of growth or increase, typically by the gradual accumulation of additional layers or matter.

corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate

Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.

coverings for the hands with separate parts for each finger

self-assured; certain; having belief in one's abilities

A main division of a long poem, especially in epic poetry.

To cause inconvenience or trouble to someone.

serious and demanding exact conformity to rules; strict and severe

Concerned with or engaged in commerce; having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic or other value.

for a limited time; not permanently

large bird of prey with powerful wings and sharp talons

warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt

to jump high or far; to move quickly with large steps

an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous

the top covering of a building or vehicle

A general direction in which something is developing or changing; a pattern or tendency.

the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation; a long-established custom or belief

A soldier who specialized in throwing grenades; later used to describe an elite infantryman.

to express strong disapproval or disagreement

Small in amount, degree, or position; not high.

A place, such as a pantry, where food is stored.

a person belonging to the Semitic people of the Middle East and North Africa

in very small detail; extremely carefully

to stimulate the appetite; to make someone eager or interested

very bad or unpleasant

Areas of the Earth near the equator characterized by warm temperatures.

a member of the same team

A seat fastened on the back of a horse for riding; to burden someone with a responsibility.