B1 noun /prɪnt/

Print

Meaning

words, letters, or pictures produced on paper using a machine; a mark made by pressing something onto a surface

Example

The book is available in both digital and print versions.

A2 noun /ˈprɛzɪdənt/

president

Meaning

the elected head of a republican state

Example

The president addressed the nation last night.

B2 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

psychological

Meaning

relating to the mind or mental processes.

Example

She studied the psychological effects of trauma on children.

B2 noun /ˈprɛmɪs/

premise

Meaning

a statement or idea on which reasoning or an argument is based; also a building or property

Example

His argument was based on a false premise.

A1 noun /pəˈliːs/

police

Meaning

a body of officers representing the civil authority of government

Example

The police arrived quickly to investigate the scene.

C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈdʒɛnɪk/

pathogenic

Meaning

Capable of causing disease.

Example

Some bacteria are harmless, while others are highly pathogenic.

B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rə.si/

Piracy

Meaning

the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea; the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material

Example

Software piracy costs companies billions of dollars annually.

C1 noun /ˈprəʊsiːdz/

proceeds

Meaning

money obtained from an event, activity, or sale

Example

The proceeds from the charity event were donated to the orphanage.

B2 noun /ˈprɑsɪˌkjuːtər/

prosecutor

Meaning

a lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases

Example

The prosecutor argued that the defendant was guilty of the crime.

C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti

propensity

Meaning

An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.

Example

He has a propensity for taking risks in business.

C2 noun /ˌsuːdəʊəˈpɒsəl/

pseudapostle

Meaning

a false or pretended apostle

Example

The preacher was condemned as a pseudapostle.

B2 noun /fɪˈzɪʃən/

physician

Meaning

a person qualified to practice medicine; a doctor

Example

The physician prescribed some medicine to treat the condition.

A1 noun /ˈpiːpl/

people

Meaning

a group of human beings collectively

Example

The people in the town gathered for the festival.

C1 adjective /prəˈfɛtɪk/

prophetic

Meaning

accurately predicting or describing what will happen in the future

Example

His prophetic words came true after many years.

C2 noun /ˌpærəˈɡɔːrɪk/

paregoric

Meaning

a medicine containing opium, once used to relieve pain and diarrhea

Example

Doctors once prescribed paregoric to treat diarrhea in children.

B2 verb /plʌndʒ/

plunge

Meaning

to jump or dive quickly; to fall sharply

Example

She plunged into the swimming pool.

C2 noun /ˈprɪvɪti/

privity

Meaning

A close, private, or special relationship; in law, the direct connection between parties to a contract.

Example

There was no privity of contract between the supplier and the customer.

C2 noun /ˌpɛdəˈɡɒdʒɪks/

pedagogics

Meaning

the science or art of teaching

Example

He studied pedagogics to become a better teacher.

A1 verb /peɪnt/

paint

Meaning

to apply a colored substance to a surface

Example

She loves to paint landscapes in her free time.

C1 verb /ˈpændər/

pander

Meaning

to indulge or exploit the weaknesses, desires, or immoral tendencies of others

Example

The politician was accused of pandering to voters' fears.

B2 adverb /pɪˈkju:.li.ə.li/

Peculiarly

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic

Example

She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns.

B2 adjective /ˌpriːməˈtjʊər/

premature

Meaning

Happening or done before the usual or proper time.

Example

His decision to quit the job was premature.

C2 adjective /ˌpɜːrtɪˈneɪʃəs/

pertinacious

Meaning

holding firmly to an opinion, purpose, or course of action; stubbornly persistent

Example

The pertinacious lawyer refused to give up the case.

B2 noun, verb /ˈplɑːstər/

plaster

Meaning

a soft mixture applied to walls or used to cover wounds; or to cover or coat with plaster

Example

The workers plastered the walls to make them smooth.

C1 verb /proʊˈtruːd/

protrude

Meaning

To stick out or extend beyond a surface.

Example

A nail was protruding from the wooden board.

C2 noun /ˌpraɪvəˈtɪə/

privateer

Meaning

A privately owned armed ship authorized by a government to attack enemy ships during war.

Example

The privateer captured several enemy vessels during the conflict.

B2 adjective /ˈpæʃənət/

passionate

Meaning

showing or caused by strong feelings or a strong belief

Example

He is passionate about environmental conservation.

C2 noun /ˌsaɪ.kəʊˈɡræf.ɪks/

Psychographics

Meaning

The study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria.

Example

Psychographics reveal consumer buying motives.

B2 adjective /pəˈrɛntəl/

parental

Meaning

relating to a parent or parents; characteristic of a mother or father

Example

Parental guidance is important for a child's development.

B2 noun /ˈpæs.taɪm/

Pastime

Meaning

an activity done regularly for enjoyment; a hobby or recreational activity

Example

Reading books is her favorite pastime during weekends.

C2 adverb /pəˈfɔːs/

perforce

Meaning

by necessity; inevitably

Example

He had to perforce accept the decision.

C2 adjective /prɪˈsɛnʃənt/

presentient

Meaning

Having a feeling or sense of something about to happen; predictive.

Example

She was presentient of the coming disaster.

B1 adjective /peɪl/

Pale

Meaning

having a light color; lacking brightness or vividness; weak or faint

Example

She looked pale after being sick for a week.

C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

Meaning

Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.

Example

The child grew peevish when denied candy.

B1 noun /ˈprəʊ.tiːnz/

proteins

Meaning

Large biomolecules consisting of amino acids that perform essential functions in living organisms, including building and repairing tissues.

Example

Lean meats and legumes provide high-quality proteins.

B1 noun /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

pronunciation

Meaning

the way a word or language is spoken; the act or result of pronouncing words

Example

Her pronunciation of French words has improved significantly.

A2 adjective ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl

physical

Meaning

Relating to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete.

Example

Physical components form the system's base.

C1 noun /ˈfiː.nɪks/

phoenix

Meaning

a mythical bird that is reborn from its ashes; symbol of immortality or renewal

Example

The legend says the phoenix rises from its ashes every 500 years.

C2 noun /ˈprɒsədi/

prosody

Meaning

The patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry and speech.

Example

The professor explained how prosody affects the mood of a poem.

B1 noun /ˈpeɪstri/

pastry

Meaning

a baked food product made from flour, fat, and water, often sweet or savory

Example

I bought a box of fresh pastries for breakfast.

C2 adjective /ˈpɔːntʃi/

paunchy

Meaning

Having a large or protruding belly.

Example

The paunchy man struggled to button his shirt.

A2 adjective /ˈprɒpər/

proper

Meaning

conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality

Example

He made sure to wear proper attire for the interview.

A2 noun /ˈpiːˈsi/

pc

Meaning

abbreviation for 'personal computer', a machine for performing digital operations

Example

I just bought a new PC for work.

C1 noun /plɔɪ/

ploy

Meaning

a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage

Example

She used a clever ploy to win the debate.

C1 verb /pərˈplɛks/

perplex

Meaning

To confuse or puzzle someone.

Example

The complex instructions perplexed the students.

C1 noun /ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm/

pandemonium

Meaning

Wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar.

Example

When the concert was canceled, pandemonium broke out among the crowd.

C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

Meaning

an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy

Example

The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.

B2 adjective /ˈprɒfɪtəbl/

profitable

Meaning

yielding profit or financial gain

Example

The company has become highly profitable after the new strategy was implemented.

C1 adjective /pləˈtɒnɪk/

platonic

Meaning

relating to a close relationship that is not romantic or sexual

Example

They have a platonic friendship that has lasted for years.

C1 verb /ˈplʌm.ɪt/

plummet

Meaning

to fall straight down at high speed

Example

Stock prices plummeted after the sudden market crash.

C2 noun /ˈplɔːdɪts/

plaudits

Meaning

expressions of praise or approval

Example

The scientist received plaudits from the international community.

C1 verb prəˈpel

propel

Meaning

To drive, push, or cause to move in a particular direction, typically forward.

Example

Lack of proper guidance can propel adolescents toward delinquency.

B2 noun /ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪə.rəns/

perseverance

Meaning

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success

Example

His perseverance helped him achieve his dreams.

C1 adjective /ˈpɪθ.i/

pithy

Meaning

concise and meaningful; full of substance

Example

She gave a pithy comment that summarized the issue perfectly.

C1 noun /ˈpiː.hən/

Peahen

Meaning

female peacock

Example

The peahen is less colorful than the male peacock.

B2 noun /ˈpɪlər/

pillar

Meaning

a strong vertical support or mainstay of a structure or system

Example

The ancient temple was supported by massive stone pillars.

A2 noun /ˈpɑːtnər/

partner

Meaning

a person who shares or is associated with another in some action or endeavor

Example

She is my business partner in the new venture.

C2 adjective /pjuːˈtrɛsənt/

putrescent

Meaning

undergoing the process of decay; rotting

Example

The putrescent odor made everyone leave the room.

C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒɪst/

philologist

Meaning

a person who studies languages and their history

Example

The philologist analyzed ancient texts to understand language evolution.

A2 noun /paɪ/

Pie

Meaning

a baked dish of fruit, meat, or vegetables, typically with a top and base of pastry

Example

My grandmother makes the best apple pie in town.

B1 noun /ˈprɪn.tər/

Printer

Meaning

a person whose job is printing books, newspapers, or other materials; a machine that prints documents

Example

The printer delivered the wedding invitations on time.

C2 noun /ˈpʌndʒənsi/

pungency

Meaning

The quality of having a strong, sharp taste or smell.

Example

The pungency of garlic filled the kitchen.

C1 noun /ˈpʌntʃ laɪn/

punch line

Meaning

The final part of a joke or story that makes it funny.

Example

Everyone laughed loudly at the punch line of his joke.

C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

Meaning

To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.

Example

The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.

B1 adverb /pəˈlaɪt.li/

Politely

Meaning

in a respectful and considerate manner; courteously; with good manners

Example

She politely declined the invitation because she had other commitments.

C1 adjective /præɡˈmæt.ɪk/

pragmatic

Meaning

Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than idealistic considerations.

Example

He took a pragmatic approach to solving the financial crisis.

C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

Meaning

completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense

Example

The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.

C1 adjective /ˈfɒnɪk/

phonic

Meaning

relating to speech sounds or their production; connected to phonics

Example

Children learn phonic rules to read new words accurately.

C2 noun /ˈprɛləsi/

prelacy

Meaning

The office, dignity, or system of church government by prelates.

Example

The medieval church was dominated by prelacy and its traditions.

B2 noun /prəˈtɛstər/

protester

Meaning

a person who takes part in a protest or demonstration

Example

The protester spoke passionately about the cause.

B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

Meaning

a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams

Example

The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.

A2 noun, verb /pəʊst/

post

Meaning

a job or position, or to send something by mail

Example

She posted a letter to her friend yesterday.

B2 adjective /prəˈpoʊzd/

proposed

Meaning

suggested or put forward for consideration or discussion

Example

The proposed changes will improve the system.

C2 noun /ˈper.ɪ.dʒiː/

perigee

Meaning

the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is nearest to the Earth

Example

The moon appeared much larger during its perigee.

C2 noun /ˌpɑːrtjʊˈrɪʃən/

parturition

Meaning

The act of giving birth; childbirth.

Example

The doctor explained the stages of parturition to the students.

C2 adjective /ˌpəʊstˈprændɪəl/

postprandial

Meaning

Occurring after a meal.

Example

He went for a postprandial walk after dinner.

B2 noun /pəˈzeʃ.ən/

Possession

Meaning

something that belongs to someone; the state of having or owning something

Example

The house has been in their family's possession for generations.

C1 noun /ˈpɛdəstəl/

pedestal

Meaning

the base or support on which a statue or object stands

Example

The statue was placed on a marble pedestal.

C2 verb /ˌpriːɪˈstæblɪʃ/

preestablish

Meaning

To establish or set up beforehand.

Example

Certain rules were preestablished before the meeting.

C2 adjective /ˈpʌdʒi/

pudgy

Meaning

slightly fat or chubby in a way that is often cute

Example

The baby had pudgy cheeks that everyone adored.

B1 noun freɪzɪz

phrases

Meaning

A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.

Example

Learn common phrases for daily use.

A2 adjective /prəˈfɛʃənl/

professional

Meaning

relating to a job that requires special training or education

Example

She is a professional dancer who performs internationally.

A1 noun /ˈpɜːrsən/

person

Meaning

an individual human being

Example

She is a kind person who always helps others.

A1 noun /praɪs/

price

Meaning

the amount of money expected, required, or given for something

Example

The price of the car has increased recently.

B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

Meaning

incomplete; showing bias or prejudice

Example

The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.

C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

Meaning

the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities

Example

The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.

B2 noun /piːk/

Peak

Meaning

the highest point of a mountain or hill; the maximum level or intensity

Example

The climbers reached the peak of Mount Everest.

C2 noun /ˌfɑːrməkəˈpiːə/

pharmacopoeia

Meaning

An official book listing medicinal drugs, their effects, and directions for use.

Example

The doctor referred to the pharmacopoeia to check the drug's proper dosage.

C2 noun /ˈpjuːdʒɪlɪst/

pugilist

Meaning

A professional or skilled boxer.

Example

The pugilist entered the ring with confidence.

C1 noun /ˈprɑːtɪstənt/

protestant

Meaning

a member of the Christian church that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation

Example

Martin Luther was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation.

C1 noun /ˈpleɪˌraɪt/

playwright

Meaning

a person who writes plays

Example

Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of all time.

B2 adjective /ˈpleɪfəl/

playful

Meaning

full of fun and high spirits; lively

Example

The puppy was very playful, running around the garden.

B2 noun prəˈɡreʃ.ən

progression

Meaning

The process of developing or moving gradually towards a more advanced state.

Example

Progression in technology drives innovation.

C1 adjective /ˈpæs.ə.bəl/

passable

Meaning

good enough to be accepted, though not excellent

Example

The road is barely passable after the storm.

A2 adjective /ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/

Patient

Meaning

able to wait calmly; tolerant

Example

She was very patient with her young students.

C1 verb /ˈpɑːzɪt/

posit

Meaning

To assume or suggest something as a fact or basis for reasoning.

Example

The scientist posited a new theory to explain the phenomenon.

B2 adjective /plʌmp/

plump

Meaning

having a full, rounded shape; pleasantly fat

Example

The cat was plump and well-fed.

A2 noun ˈpraɪsɪz

prices

Meaning

The amount of money expected, required, or given in payment for something.

Example

Rising prices are affecting consumer spending.

B2 noun /ˈproʊtəkɔːl/

protocol

Meaning

an official procedure or system of rules

Example

The security team followed strict protocol during the event.

C2 noun /ˈplɛntɪtjuːd/

plentitude

Meaning

the condition of being full or abundant

Example

The garden offered a plentitude of flowers in spring.

B1 noun /ˌpɒp.jəˈlær.ə.ti/

Popularity

Meaning

the state of being liked, admired, or supported by many people

Example

The singer's popularity has grown rapidly this year.

C1 adjective /ˌpæθəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

pathological

Meaning

Relating to disease; extreme or obsessive in a way that is abnormal.

Example

He has a pathological fear of failure.

C1 adjective /ˈpɔːltri/

paltry

Meaning

small or meager; lacking in value or importance

Example

They offered him a paltry sum for his work.

C2 /ˈpæn.ə.pli/

panoply

Meaning

A complete or impressive collection of things; a full set of armor.

Example

The museum displayed a panoply of ancient weapons.

B1 noun /ˈprɒf.ɪt/

Profit

Meaning

money that is earned in trade or business after paying costs

Example

The company made a significant profit this quarter.

B1 noun /plʌm/

Plum

Meaning

a small round fruit with smooth red or purple skin, sweet flesh, and a single large seed

Example

The purple plum was juicy and delicious.

C1 verb /ˈpɜːmieɪt/

permeate

Meaning

Spread throughout (something); pervade.

Example

The scent of fresh flowers permeated the entire room.

B2 verb /pəˈluːt/

pollute

Meaning

to make air, water, or land dirty and harmful to people, animals, and plants

Example

Factories pollute the environment with toxic chemicals.

C1 noun /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/

Presumption

Meaning

an idea that is taken to be true without proof

Example

There is a presumption of innocence in the legal system.

C2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪsəri/

promissory

Meaning

Containing or conveying a promise, especially in writing.

Example

He signed a promissory note to repay the loan.

C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

Meaning

the art, business, or products of making perfumes

Example

She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.

C1 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər

precision agriculture

Meaning

The technique of conducting agricultural work using advanced technology.

Example

Precision agriculture optimizes resource use and increases efficiency.

C2 noun /priˈɛmpʃən/

preemption

Meaning

The act of taking action before someone else; the right to purchase or act before others.

Example

The company exercised preemption to acquire the land before competitors.

B1 noun /ˈpɑr.dən/

Pardon

Meaning

forgiveness; the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense

Example

I beg your pardon for interrupting the meeting.

C2 noun /proʊˈsiː.ni.əm/

proscenium

Meaning

the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain; the arch framing the stage

Example

The actors bowed at the proscenium before leaving the stage.

B2 verb /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/

persevere

Meaning

to continue trying to achieve something despite difficulty or delay

Example

He persevered through many failures before succeeding.

B2 noun /pəˈræmɪtər/

parameter

Meaning

a limit, boundary, or measurable factor that defines or determines something

Example

We need to set clear parameters for this project.

C2 noun /pʌɡˈnæsɪti/

pugnacity

Meaning

A natural disposition to be combative or aggressive.

Example

The coach admired the player's pugnacity on the field.

C2 noun /ˈplɛbɪsaɪt/

plebiscite

Meaning

a direct vote by the electorate on an important public question

Example

The government held a plebiscite to decide on the new constitution.

C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

Meaning

Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.

Example

People are plagued by anxiety and depression.

C2 noun /ˈpɒl.iˌθi.ɪz.əm/

polytheism

Meaning

the belief in or worship of multiple gods

Example

Ancient Greeks practiced polytheism, worshiping gods like Zeus and Athena.