pouch
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B2 noun /paʊtʃ/

pouch

Meaning
a small bag or pocket, often used to carry small items
Example
She kept her coins in a small leather pouch.
A1 adjective /ˈiːzi/

easy

Meaning
not difficult; requiring little effort
Example
The exam was surprisingly easy.
B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəli/

Continually

Meaning
without stopping; repeatedly
Example
She continually checked her phone for messages.
C1 noun /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/

strategic insights

Meaning
Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.
Example
Strategic insights guide policymaking.
B1 adjective /ˈbrɪliənt/

brilliant

Meaning
Exceptionally clever, talented, or impressive; very bright or radiant.
Example
She gave a brilliant performance on stage.
C1 preposition /ˈbɑːrɪŋ/

barring

Meaning
except for; if not for
Example
Barring a miracle, the team will not win the championship.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

Meaning
neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized
Example
Everything was shipshape before the inspection.
C1 verb /əˈpɛnd/

append

Meaning
to add something as an attachment or supplement, usually at the end of a document or list
Example
She decided to append a note to the end of the report.
B2 noun /roʊst/

Roast

Meaning
Meat cooked by dry heat in an oven or over an open fire
Example
The Sunday roast was perfectly cooked and very tender.
C1 noun /ˌdɛtəˈneɪʃən/

detonation

Meaning
The act of exploding or causing something to explode.
Example
The sudden detonation shook the entire building.
C2 noun /bɪər/

bier

Meaning
a frame or stand on which a coffin or body is placed before burial or cremation
Example
The coffin was placed on the bier during the funeral service.
C1 noun /luːm/

Loom

Meaning
a machine for weaving cloth; to appear threatening or menacing
Example
The weaver worked at the loom to create beautiful fabrics.
C2 verb /kɒnˈkætəneɪt/

concatenate

Meaning
To link things together in a series or chain.
Example
The program concatenates two strings into one.
B2 noun /haɪˈiː.nə/

Hyena

Meaning
a wild animal of Africa and Asia that looks like a dog and makes a sound like laughter
Example
The hyena laughed in the darkness of the night.
B1 noun, verb /stɒk/

stock

Meaning
a supply of goods kept for sale or use; to keep or fill with goods
Example
The shop stocks a wide variety of products.
C1 noun /draɪ fɪʃ/

Dry fish

Meaning
fish that has been preserved by drying in the sun or by other dehydration methods
Example
Dry fish is a popular preserved food in many coastal regions.
C1 adjective /ˈfuːlpruːf/

foolproof

Meaning
Designed to be very easy to use or understand, leaving no possibility of failure or error.
Example
The new software has a foolproof installation process.
B2 noun ˈsɜːrkjələr ɪˈkɒnəmi

circular economy

Meaning
An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources through reuse, sharing, repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing and recycling.
Example
Adopting a circular economy can reduce waste.
A1 pronoun /aɪ/

i

Meaning
used by a speaker to refer to himself or herself
Example
I am learning English every day.
C2 adjective /boʊˈhiːmiən/

bohemian

Meaning
unconventional, artistic, and free-spirited in lifestyle or appearance
Example
She decorated her apartment in a bohemian style with colorful fabrics.
B2 adjective ˈel.ɪ.dʒə.bəl

eligible

Meaning
Having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.
Example
Only eligible candidates are considered for appointments.
C2 noun /ˈɪd.i.ə.si/

Idiocy

Meaning
extremely stupid behavior or actions; foolishness
Example
The decision to ignore safety protocols was pure idiocy that endangered everyone.
B1 adjective ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dənt

independent

Meaning
Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence; free from outside control; not subject to another's authority.
Example
An independent institution ensures transparency in governance.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

Meaning
Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.
Example
She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.
B2 noun ˈmaɪnd.set

mindset

Meaning
The established set of attitudes held by someone.
Example
A growth mindset helps individuals embrace challenges.
B2 verb, noun /dɑːrt/

dart

Meaning
to move suddenly and quickly; a small pointed missile thrown at a target
Example
The cat darted across the street to avoid the car.
C2 verb /ɪˈkwɪvəˌkeɪt/

equivocate

Meaning
To speak ambiguously or avoid giving a clear answer.
Example
The politician equivocated when asked about the scandal.
C2 adverb /ˈɪntʃmiːl/

inchmeal

Meaning
Gradually, little by little.
Example
The old castle fell inchmeal into ruin.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
C2 noun /ˌɪnsjəˈlærəti/

insularity

Meaning
The state of being isolated or narrow-minded.
Example
The insularity of the group prevented them from accepting new ideas.
B2 noun /iˈkɒlədʒɪst/

ecologist

Meaning
A scientist who studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment.
Example
The ecologist studied the effects of pollution on the forest ecosystem.
B2 adjective + noun æmˈbɪʃəs ɪnˈdevər

ambitious endeavor

Meaning
A bold and determined attempt to achieve something challenging.
Example
Artemis is an ambitious endeavor in space exploration.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
C1 noun /əˈvɜːrʒən/

aversion

Meaning
a strong feeling of dislike or unwillingness towards something
Example
She has a strong aversion to smoking.
B1 verb /dɪˈpɑːrt/

depart

Meaning
to leave, especially to start a journey
Example
The train will depart at 9 a.m.
C2 noun /ɪnˈɡrætɪˌtjuːd/

ingratitude

Meaning
Lack of gratitude; failure to show thanks or appreciation.
Example
His ingratitude hurt her feelings after all she had done for him.
C2 noun /juː/

Ewe

Meaning
a female sheep
Example
The ewe gave birth to twin lambs.
A2 adjective /ˈɛvrideɪ/

everyday

Meaning
common or ordinary; occurring daily
Example
These shoes are perfect for everyday use.
C1 noun /dɪˈfen.dənt/

Defendant

Meaning
an individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law
Example
The defendant pleaded not guilty to all charges brought against him.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/

Misconduct

Meaning
Unacceptable or improper behavior, especially by a professional person
Example
The officer was dismissed for professional misconduct.
A2 adverb/adjective/verb /ˈfɜːrðər/

further

Meaning
At a greater distance; to advance or promote something.
Example
She studied hard to further her career.
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.fɔːl/

pitfall

Meaning
a hidden or unexpected danger or difficulty
Example
Investors must be aware of the pitfalls of the market.
A2 verb /əˈtækt/

attacked

Meaning
physically or verbally assaulted someone or something; launched an aggressive action against a target
Example
The soldiers attacked the enemy at dawn.
B1 adjective /ˈklæsɪkəl/

classical

Meaning
relating to ancient Greek or Roman culture, or representing traditional excellence in art, music, or literature
Example
She loves listening to classical music while studying.
B2 noun /prəˈvaɪdər/

provider

Meaning
a person or thing that provides something.
Example
The service provider ensures that all customers receive timely support.
B1 noun /ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/

opportunity

Meaning
A favorable chance or set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something.
Example
She seized the opportunity to study abroad.
B1 noun prəˈtek.ʃən

protection

Meaning
The action of protecting someone or something, or the state of being protected.
Example
The movement focused on the protection of rights.
B2 adverb /ˈmɔːrəli/

Morally

Meaning
in accordance with principles of right and wrong behavior; ethically
Example
She felt morally obligated to help the refugees.
A1 noun /ˈbɛdruːm/

bedroom

Meaning
A room used for sleeping in.
Example
The children were playing in the bedroom.
A2 noun /ˈfɪʃ.ər.mən/

Fisherman

Meaning
a person who catches fish as a job or hobby
Example
The fisherman caught three large fish in the river today.
B2 adjective /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/

behavioral

Meaning
relating to the way a person or animal acts
Example
The psychologist studied the child's behavioral patterns.
A1 interjection /waʊ/

wow

Meaning
used to express great surprise, admiration, or pleasure
Example
Wow, that performance was amazing!
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

carat

Meaning
a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams
Example
She received a two-carat diamond ring for her engagement.
C1 adjective ˌnɒnˈvɜːr.bəl

nonverbal

Meaning
Communication using body language, facial expressions, or gestures instead of words
Example
Nonverbal cues play a crucial role in effective communication.
A2 adjective /sɪksθ/

sixth

Meaning
coming after the fifth in order, position, or rank
Example
He finished the race in sixth place.
A2 noun /hoʊl/

Hole

Meaning
a hollow place in a solid body or surface; an opening through something
Example
The dog dug a deep hole in the backyard to bury its favorite bone.
B1 adverb /ˈɛlswɛr/

elsewhere

Meaning
In, at, or to some other place.
Example
If you can’t find it here, try looking elsewhere.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
C1 noun /kəˈθɑːrsɪs/

catharsis

Meaning
The process of releasing strong emotions, providing relief.
Example
Writing in her diary was a form of catharsis for her.
B1 adjective /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

United

Meaning
joined together for a common purpose; in agreement
Example
The team was united in their goal to win.
C1 adjective /ədˈmɪsəbl/

admissible

Meaning
acceptable or valid, especially as evidence in a court of law
Example
The judge ruled that the document was admissible as evidence.
C1 noun dɪˌzɝː.t̬ə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

desertification

Meaning
The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
Example
Deforestation accelerates desertification.
A1 article /æn/

an

Meaning
used before a noun to refer to a non-specific item that begins with a vowel sound
Example
She ate an apple for breakfast.
C1 adverb /ˈaʊtwədli/

Outwardly

Meaning
on the surface; externally; in appearance
Example
Outwardly, he seemed calm, but inside he was nervous.
B2 adjective /ˌmiː.diˈiː.vəl/

medieval

Meaning
Relating to the Middle Ages, the period in European history from about the 5th to the 15th century.
Example
The castle is a famous medieval monument.
A1 verb /spik/

speak

Meaning
to say words; to communicate verbally
Example
She can speak three languages fluently.
B2 adjective /ˈʃeɪ.di/

Shady

Meaning
providing shade; dishonest; suspicious
Example
The shady businessman made a suspicious deal.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.viˌɛr.i/

aviary

Meaning
a large enclosure for keeping birds
Example
The zoo built a new aviary for exotic parrots.
B1 noun /ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/

publishing

Meaning
the business or activity of preparing and issuing books, journals, or other material for sale
Example
He works in the publishing industry as an editor.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/

Inefficient

Meaning
not achieving maximum productivity; wasteful of time or resources
Example
The old computer system was inefficient and wasted a lot of time.
A1 pronoun /hɪm/

him

Meaning
Used to refer to a male person or animal already mentioned.
Example
I saw him at the park yesterday.
B1 adjective ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk

scientific

Meaning
Based on or characterized by the methods and principles of science.
Example
Scientific discoveries continue to shape our understanding of the world.
B2 adjective /ˈræp.ɪd/

Rapid

Meaning
happening in a short time or at a fast pace
Example
The rapid growth of technology has changed our daily lives.
A1 noun, verb /laɪn/

line

Meaning
A long narrow mark or band; a row of people or things; to cover the inside surface of something.
Example
People waited in a long line outside the theater.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.tər.i/

Artery

Meaning
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body
Example
The doctor checked the pulse in his artery.
C1 verb /bɪˈsiːdʒ/

besiege

Meaning
to surround a place with armed forces to capture it; to overwhelm with requests or attention
Example
The city was besieged by enemy troops.
C2 adjective /ˈbʌmblɪŋ/

bumbling

Meaning
Acting in a clumsy, awkward, or confused way.
Example
The bumbling waiter spilled the drinks on the table.
B2 verb /ɪmˈbreɪs/

embrace

Meaning
to hold someone closely in your arms; to accept willingly
Example
She embraced her friend at the airport.
C1 noun /ˈvendʒəns/

Vengeance

Meaning
punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong; revenge
Example
He swore to seek vengeance against those who wronged him.
B2 adjective /ˈpɑːr.ʃəl/

Partial

Meaning
incomplete; showing bias or prejudice
Example
The judge gave a partial decision in favor of the defendant.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈspɒzɪtəri/

expository

Meaning
intended to explain or describe something
Example
The teacher gave an expository lecture on the topic.
A1 pronoun /hɜːr/

her

Meaning
used to refer to a female person or animal already mentioned or easily identified
Example
I saw her at the park yesterday.
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.və.luː.tɪd

convoluted

Meaning
Extremely complex and difficult to follow; twisted or intricate.
Example
His argument was so convoluted that no one understood it.
C2 verb /əˈvaʊtʃ/

avouch

Meaning
to affirm or assert something as true
Example
He avouched his innocence before the judge.
A2 adverb /kəˈrɛktli/

correctly

Meaning
in a way that is true, accurate, or without mistakes
Example
She answered all the questions correctly.
C2 adjective /ˈfiːkənd/

fecund

Meaning
producing or capable of producing an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertile
Example
The fecund soil produced a bountiful harvest this year.
C2 adjective /ˌkɑːmənˈsɛnsɪkəl/

commonsensical

Meaning
based on or showing sound practical judgment; sensible
Example
It was commonsensical to carry an umbrella on a rainy day.
B1 verb /əˈsoʊsiˌeɪt/

associate

Meaning
to connect or link things together; to spend time with someone
Example
I associate this song with summer.
B2 noun /ˈɛmɪɡrənt/

emigrant

Meaning
A person who leaves their own country to settle permanently in another.
Example
The emigrant started a new life in Canada.
B1 verb /braʊz/

browse

Meaning
To look at or skim through casually, especially online or in a store
Example
She likes to browse books in the library.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛnsɪv/

pensive

Meaning
Engaged in deep or serious thought.
Example
She looked pensive as she stared out of the window.
B2 noun /ˌærɪˈstɑːkrəsi/

aristocracy

Meaning
a class of people holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially hereditary nobility
Example
The aristocracy often had influence over political decisions.
A1 adjective /ˈreɪ.di.əʊ/

radio

Meaning
Relating to radio waves or broadcasting.
Example
FAST is the largest radio telescope in the world.
C1 noun /fɔːn/

Fawn

Meaning
a young deer; a light yellowish-brown color
Example
The mother deer protects her fawn from predators.
C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

Meaning
Easily angered; quick-tempered.
Example
His irascible nature often got him into trouble.
C1 noun /læns/

Lance

Meaning
a long weapon with a sharp metal point, used by soldiers on horseback
Example
The knight charged forward with his lance ready.
C1 adjective /ˈbaʊn.tɪ.fəl/

bountiful

Meaning
Large in quantity; abundant; generous in giving.
Example
The farmer was grateful for the bountiful harvest.
B2 noun /ˈtreɪdmɑːrk/

trademark

Meaning
a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product
Example
The company’s logo is its trademark.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪlvən/

sylvan

Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of the woods or forest.
Example
The cottage was set in a sylvan landscape full of tall trees.
C2 adjective /ˌmɛrəˈtrɪʃəs/

meretricious

Meaning
apparently attractive but having no real value or integrity.
Example
The design was flashy but meretricious.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
B2 noun /ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃən/

legislation

Meaning
laws considered collectively, or the act of making laws
Example
The government passed new legislation to protect the environment.
C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

Meaning
a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence
Example
She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.
B1 adverb /əˈlaʊd/

Aloud

Meaning
in a voice that can be heard; not silently
Example
Please read the instructions aloud so everyone can hear.
B2 verb /dɪˈspætʃ/

dispatch

Meaning
to send off to a destination or for a purpose
Example
The company dispatched aid to the flood victims.
C2 noun /ˈdɪfɪdəns/

diffidence

Meaning
Lack of self-confidence; shyness or modesty.
Example
Her diffidence made it hard for her to speak in public.
B2 adjective /əˈlaɪd/

Allied

Meaning
joined by agreement or treaty; associated; connected
Example
The allied forces worked together during the war.
C1 noun /ˈbreɪkər/

breaker

Meaning
A person or thing that breaks something; a large sea wave that breaks into foam near the shore; a device that interrupts an electric circuit.
Example
The breaker tripped during the storm, cutting off electricity.
B2 verb /səkˈsiːdɪŋ/

succeeding

Meaning
coming after or following in order; continuing to succeed
Example
In the succeeding years, the company expanded rapidly.
C1 noun sælˈveɪʃən

salvation

Meaning
Deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ.
Example
The story revolves around the theme of salvation.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/

unavailable

Meaning
Not able to be obtained, reached, or used; not present or accessible.
Example
The manager was unavailable to take calls during the meeting.
B2 noun pəˈspek.tɪvz

perspectives

Meaning
A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.
Example
New perspectives enhance understanding.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈrɛɡnəm/

interregnum

Meaning
A period between rulers or governments when normal leadership is suspended.
Example
The country faced instability during the interregnum after the king’s death.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmɜːrdʒənt/

emergent

Meaning
just coming into existence or becoming prominent
Example
The emergent startup quickly attracted investors.
C1 noun /ˈkɒb.lər/

Cobbler

Meaning
a person who repairs shoes and other leather goods
Example
The cobbler fixed my broken shoes perfectly.
A2 noun /ˈrɛkɔːd/

record

Meaning
a written or spoken account of something
Example
I kept a record of all the meetings.
C1 noun /ˈhɔːr.nət/

Hornet

Meaning
a large wasp that can sting and is often aggressive
Example
The hornet built its nest under the roof.
B2 noun /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒɪ.kəl ədˈvɑːns.mənt/

technological advancement

Meaning
Progress or improvement in technology that leads to better solutions or capabilities.
Example
Technological advancement is revolutionizing healthcare.
A2 adjective /rɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/

Responsible

Meaning
accountable; having duties; reliable and trustworthy
Example
Parents are responsible for their children's education and well-being.
C1 adjective /ɪˈfɛm.ər.əl/

ephemeral

Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; temporary or transitory.
Example
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.