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A1 adjective /pʊr/

Poor

Meaning
having little money; lacking resources; of low quality
Example
The poor family struggled to make ends meet.
C1 adjective /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/

permissive

Meaning
Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; very lenient or indulgent.
Example
Permissive parenting can sometimes lead to a lack of discipline in children.
C2 noun /kəˈbɑːdi/

kabadi

Meaning
a person who collects and sells scrap or recyclable materials, especially in South Asia
Example
The kabadi came every week to collect old newspapers and bottles.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪfɒn/

antiphon

Meaning
a short chant or verse sung responsively in Christian worship, typically sung before or after a psalm or canticle
Example
The choir sang the antiphon before beginning the main hymn.
B2 noun /moʊd/

Mode

Meaning
a way or manner in which something occurs or is done; a setting
Example
The computer has a sleep mode to save energy.
A1 adjective /hɒt/

Hot

Meaning
having high temperature; warm; heated;
Example
The coffee is too hot to drink.
C1 verb /kraʊtʃ/

crouch

Meaning
to bend your knees and lower your body close to the ground
Example
The cat crouched before leaping at its prey.
B2 noun /əˈkjuːzd/

accused

Meaning
a person who has been charged with a crime
Example
The accused pleaded not guilty in court.
C2 noun /əˌbɑː.məˈneɪ.ʃən/

abomination

Meaning
a thing that causes disgust or hatred
Example
Slavery was considered an abomination.
C2 verb, noun /ˈɡoʊld.brɪk/

goldbrick

Meaning
to avoid work or duty; a person who shirks responsibility
Example
He was accused of goldbricking while the rest of the team worked hard.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

Meaning
relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity
Example
The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbəl/

Unmanageable

Meaning
difficult or impossible to control or handle
Example
The large class became unmanageable without proper supervision.
C2 noun ˌiːkwəˈnɪməti

equanimity

Meaning
Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
She handled the news with remarkable equanimity.
B1 noun /ɪkˈspreʃ.ən/

Expression

Meaning
the act of making thoughts or feelings known; a look on someone's face
Example
The artist's painting was a beautiful expression of her inner emotions.
B2 adjective /əˈten.tɪv/

Attentive

Meaning
careful to pay attention; alert and observant
Example
The attentive student listened carefully to every word the teacher said.
C2 noun /pɪˈlɑːf/

Pillaw

Meaning
a dish of rice cooked in seasoned broth, often with meat and vegetables
Example
We enjoyed a delicious chicken pillaw for dinner.
B1 noun /ˈsʌməri/

summary

Meaning
A brief statement of the main points of something.
Example
She wrote a summary of the book for her class.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈfɪə.ri.ər/

inferior

Meaning
Of lower quality, rank, or status.
Example
This material is inferior to the one we used before.
B2 noun /ˈdef.ə.sɪt/

Deficit

Meaning
the amount by which something is too small; a shortfall or lack
Example
The government faced a budget deficit of millions due to increased spending.
B1 noun ɪmˈpruːv.mənts

improvements

Meaning
The action of making or becoming better; an instance of something becoming or being made better.
Example
Continuous improvements increase productivity.
C1 adverb /ˈɒp.tɪ.məl.i/

optimally

Meaning
In the most effective or efficient way possible.
Example
Tasks should be allocated optimally for maximum output.
C1 verb /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

illuminate

Meaning
To light up or make something clearer.
Example
Streetlights illuminate the road at night.
B2 noun /flɛkˈsɪbɪləti/

flexibility

Meaning
The quality of bending easily without breaking; willingness to change or compromise.
Example
The flexibility of the working hours made it easier to balance work and personal life.
B1 adjective /əˈlɜːrt/

alert

Meaning
quick to notice and respond to potential danger or issues; aware and attentive
Example
The alert dog barked at the stranger approaching the house.
C2 verb /dɪˈnɒmɪˌneɪt/

denominate

Meaning
to give a name or designation to something
Example
The currency was denominated in dollars.
A2 verb /stʌk/

stuck

Meaning
unable to move; fixed in one position; unable to continue
Example
The door is stuck and won't open.
B1 noun /θroʊt/

Throat

Meaning
the passage that leads from the back of the mouth to the stomach and lungs; the front part of the neck
Example
He had a sore throat and couldn't speak clearly.
A1 pronoun /hɜːr/

her

Meaning
used to refer to a female person or animal already mentioned or easily identified
Example
I saw her at the park yesterday.
C2 noun /ˌkæstɪˈɡeɪʃən/

castigation

Meaning
Severe criticism or punishment for wrongdoing.
Example
The manager’s harsh castigation shocked the entire team.
C1 verb /ɛmˈbɛzəl/

embezzle

Meaning
to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care
Example
The accountant was arrested for embezzling company funds.
B2 noun /ˈhæz.ərd/

Hazard

Meaning
a danger or risk; something that poses a threat to safety
Example
Smoking is a serious health hazard that can lead to lung cancer and heart disease.
C1 noun /ˈɔːtəkræt/

autocrat

Meaning
A ruler with absolute power.
Example
The autocrat controlled the country with an iron fist.
C2 noun /ˈɒb.stɪ.nə.si/

obstinacy

Meaning
Stubborn refusal to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so.
Example
His obstinacy made negotiations difficult.
A1 verb /fərˈɡet/

forget

Meaning
to be unable to remember something; to fail to bring something to mind
Example
Don't forget to lock the door when you leave.
A2 noun /ˈkoʊkənʌt/

Coconut

Meaning
a large brown seed with hard shell containing white flesh and coconut water
Example
We drank coconut water directly from the coconut.
C1 noun /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

deprivation

Meaning
The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.
Example
Sleep deprivation affects cognitive function.
B2 noun /kəˈmɪʃənər/

commissioner

Meaning
an official in charge of a particular department or area
Example
The police commissioner addressed the media about the incident.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnæprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

inapprehensible

Meaning
not understandable; incomprehensible
Example
The concept was so abstract that it seemed inapprehensible to most students.
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
C2 adjective /ˈluːsənt/

lucent

Meaning
shining or glowing with light
Example
The lucent stars brightened the night sky.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛsteɪt/

gestate

Meaning
to carry and develop in the womb during pregnancy; to develop an idea over a period of time
Example
The mother whale gestates her calf for over a year.
C2 noun /ˈnoʊzˌɡeɪ/

nosegay

Meaning
a small bunch of flowers, typically given as a gift or carried for decoration
Example
She carried a nosegay of fresh roses to the ceremony.
C1 noun /pərˈveɪər/

purveyor

Meaning
a person or business that supplies goods, services, or information
Example
He is a well-known purveyor of fine wines.
B2 noun /ˈkʊk.uː/

Cuckoo

Meaning
a bird known for its distinctive call and for laying eggs in other birds' nests
Example
We heard the cuckoo calling from the forest early in the morning.
C1 noun æmˈbɪvələns

ambivalence

Meaning
Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something; uncertainty or confusion.
Example
She felt ambivalence about taking the job offer.
A2 noun dɪˈveləpmənt

development

Meaning
The process of developing or being developed; growth or progress.
Example
Development of Bengali society was hindered.
C1 noun /ˈbeɪ.zəl siːdz/

Basil Seeds

Meaning
small black seeds from the basil plant, often used in drinks and desserts
Example
I added basil seeds to my lemonade for a refreshing drink.
C2 adjective /læŋk/

lank

Meaning
Tall, thin, and often awkward in appearance.
Example
The lank teenager towered over his classmates.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈkʌm/

overcome

Meaning
To succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty.
Example
You can overcome procrastination with planning.
B1 noun /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

investigation

Meaning
the process of inquiring into or examining something carefully to find the truth
Example
The investigation revealed new evidence about the fraud.
C1 noun ˌwɛðəraɪˈzeɪʃən

weatherization

Meaning
The practice of protecting a building and its interior from the elements.
Example
The house underwent weatherization to improve energy efficiency.
A1 adjective /ˈevri/

Every

Meaning
each one; all; without exception
Example
Every student must complete their homework.
C2 verb /əˈleɪ/

allay

Meaning
to reduce the intensity of fear, worry, or pain; to calm
Example
The teacher tried to allay the students’ fears before the exam.
C2 verb /ˌmɪskənˈsiːv/

misconceive

Meaning
To misunderstand or form an incorrect idea about something.
Example
He misconceived the purpose of the project.
C1 noun /ˈsed.ɪ.mənt/

Sediment

Meaning
matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; particles deposited by water or wind
Example
The river carried sediment downstream during the flood.
C2 noun /əˈsper.ɪ.ti/

asperity

Meaning
Harshness of tone, manner, or surface.
Example
She spoke with asperity when she was interrupted.
A1 noun /biːtʃ/

beach

Meaning
An area of sand or small stones beside the sea or a lake.
Example
They spent the day relaxing on the beach.
A2 /ˈmaɪ.krəˌfoʊn/

microphone

Meaning
A device that converts sound into an electrical signal, typically used to amplify or record voices or music.
Example
She spoke into the microphone during the presentation.
C1 adjective /præɡˈmæt.ɪk/

pragmatic

Meaning
Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than idealistic considerations.
Example
He took a pragmatic approach to solving the financial crisis.
C1 noun /rɪˈpraɪ.zəl/

Reprisal

Meaning
an act of retaliation; revenge taken for an injury or wrong
Example
The attack was carried out as a reprisal for the earlier bombing.
C1 noun /vʌlˈɡær.ɪ.ti/

Vulgarity

Meaning
the quality of being rude, offensive, or indecent; lack of sophistication or good taste
Example
The comedian's jokes were criticized for their vulgarity.
B2 noun ɡrɪd

grid

Meaning
A network of interconnected lines or a system for distributing electricity over a wide area.
Example
The national power grid must be upgraded.
C2 adjective /dɪˈkrɛpɪt/

decrepit

Meaning
worn out or weakened by age or neglect
Example
The decrepit old house was on the verge of collapse.
A1 pronoun /hɪz/

his

Meaning
belonging to or associated with a male person previously mentioned
Example
This is his book on the table.
C1 noun /ˈhɛksəˌɡɒn/

hexagon

Meaning
A six-sided polygon.
Example
A honeycomb cell is shaped like a hexagon.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/

intestate

Meaning
Having died without leaving a valid will.
Example
She died intestate, so her assets were distributed by law.
A2 adverb /ˈtruːli/

Truly

Meaning
in accordance with fact or reality; genuinely
Example
She truly loves her family.
B1 adjective /ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd/

complicated

Meaning
consisting of many interconnected parts; difficult to understand
Example
The instructions for the machine are too complicated to follow.
C2 noun /ˈhaɪərəˌɡlɪf/

hieroglyph

Meaning
A picture or symbol used in ancient writing systems, especially Egyptian writing.
Example
The walls of the temple were covered in hieroglyphs.
A2 verb /ɪkˈsaɪt/

excite

Meaning
to cause strong feelings of enthusiasm or eagerness
Example
The idea of traveling abroad excites her.
C2 noun /ˌspoʊliˈeɪʃən/

spoliation

Meaning
The act of destroying or ruining something, often evidence or property.
Example
The court punished the company for the spoliation of evidence.
A2 verb /kjʊər/

cure

Meaning
to make someone healthy again after an illness
Example
The new medicine cured her of the infection.
B1 noun, verb /dʒeɪl/

jail

Meaning
A place for the confinement of people accused or convicted of a crime; to imprison.
Example
The thief was sent to jail for stealing.
C1 adjective /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈtɛəriən/

utilitarian

Meaning
Designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive; relating to the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Example
The building had a simple utilitarian design.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɛniəl/

perennial

Meaning
lasting or existing for a long time, or recurring continually
Example
Climate change is a perennial concern for scientists.
C2 adjective /ˌnɒnkəˈmɪtl̩/

noncommittal

Meaning
Not expressing or showing a clear opinion, decision, or commitment.
Example
She gave a noncommittal reply when asked about her future plans.
C1 verb /əˈseɪl/

assail

Meaning
to attack violently, either physically or with words
Example
The politician was assailed with difficult questions.
A1 noun /sɔːŋ/

song

Meaning
a short piece of music with words that are sung
Example
She sang a beautiful song at the concert.
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.və.luː.tɪd

convoluted

Meaning
Extremely complex and difficult to follow; twisted or intricate.
Example
His argument was so convoluted that no one understood it.
C1 noun /ˈwɔːtəʃɛd/

watershed

Meaning
An event or period marking a turning point in a situation; also refers to a ridge dividing two drainage areas.
Example
The independence movement was a watershed in the nation's history.
B2 verb /ˈtɜːrmɪˌneɪt/

terminate

Meaning
to bring something to an end or to stop something from continuing
Example
The company decided to terminate his contract.
C1 noun /ˈmiːdieɪtər/

Mediator

Meaning
A person who attempts to make people involved in a conflict agree
Example
The United Nations often acts as a mediator in international disputes.
C2 noun /ˈɔːriˌoʊl/

aureole

Meaning
A halo or radiance surrounding the head or body, often in religious art.
Example
The painting showed the saint with an aureole around his head.
A2 verb /bɪˈlɒŋ/

belong

Meaning
to be in the right place or to be a member of a group
Example
She felt she truly belonged to the team.
B2 noun /dʒɑːr/

Jar

Meaning
a wide-mouthed container made of glass or pottery; to have a harsh or unpleasant effect
Example
She stored homemade cookies in a large glass jar on the kitchen counter.
C1 noun /ˈfɔɪeɪr/

foyer

Meaning
An entrance hall or lobby in a building.
Example
The guests waited in the hotel foyer before checking in.
C2 noun /oʊliˈændər/

Oleander

Meaning
a poisonous evergreen shrub with clusters of white, pink, or red flowers
Example
The beautiful oleander flowers bloomed in the garden despite their toxic nature.
C2 adjective /sɪˈnæp.tɪk/

synaptic

Meaning
Related to the signal transmission process between nerve cells.
Example
Learning strengthens synaptic connections in the brain.
C1 noun /ˈpetɪkoʊt/

Petti-coat

Meaning
an undergarment worn by women under a dress or skirt
Example
She wore a white petticoat under her dress.
B1 adjective /ʃɛrd/

shared

Meaning
used, done, or experienced by two or more people together
Example
They live in a shared apartment near the university.
C2 noun /ˈkwɪzlɪŋ/

quisling

Meaning
A traitor who collaborates with an enemy force occupying their country.
Example
During the war, he was branded a quisling for aiding the invaders.
C1 adjective /tjuːˈmʌltʃuəs/

tumultuous

Meaning
Characterized by disorder, noisy excitement, or emotional agitation.
Example
They had a tumultuous relationship full of ups and downs.
B2 noun /ˈmet.roʊ reɪl/

Metro Rail

Meaning
an underground urban railway system; subway system
Example
The metro rail connects all major areas of the city efficiently.
A2 noun /ɡəˈrɑːʒ/

Garage

Meaning
a building or space for housing a motor vehicle; a commercial establishment for repairing motor vehicles
Example
He parked his car in the garage to protect it from the hailstorm.
B1 noun dɪˈskʌvəriz

discoveries

Meaning
The action or process of finding or learning something for the first time; facts or things discovered.
Example
His discoveries revolutionized multiple fields.
B2 noun /ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm/

national anthem

Meaning
an official patriotic song of a country, performed at national events and ceremonies
Example
The national anthem was played before the international match.
B2 noun /reɪdʒ/

rage

Meaning
intense anger or fury
Example
She shouted in a fit of rage after hearing the news.
C1 noun /ˈɜːrθənˌwɛr/

earthenware

Meaning
pottery made of clay and hardened by heat
Example
The shop displayed beautiful earthenware pots and bowls.
B2 noun /ˌdɛm.əˈɡræf.ɪks/

Demographics

Meaning
Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
Example
Demographics help in targeted advertising.
B2 noun /ʃɪt/

shit

Meaning
a vulgar term for feces or excrement
Example
The dog made a mess by leaving its shit on the floor.
B1 adjective /sɪnˈsɪər/

Sincere

Meaning
honest and genuine in expressing feelings; free from pretense or deceit
Example
She gave me a sincere apology for her mistake.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɪnsəbl/

invincible

Meaning
too powerful to be defeated or overcome
Example
The team seemed invincible after winning ten matches in a row.
B1 noun /ˈprɛər/

prayer

Meaning
a solemn request for help or expression of thanks addressed to God or another deity
Example
She recited a prayer before the meal.
B2 verb /kənˈvɜːs/

converse

Meaning
to have a conversation; to talk together
Example
They conversed about literature for hours.
B2 noun /əˈstrɒlədʒi/

astrology

Meaning
the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial bodies interpreted as having an influence on human affairs
Example
She studied astrology to understand her future.
B2 adjective /ˈwɜːldli/

worldly

Meaning
Concerned with material values or ordinary life rather than spiritual matters.
Example
He was more interested in worldly success than in spiritual growth.
C2 verb /trəˈdjuːs/

traduce

Meaning
To speak badly of someone or tell lies to damage their reputation.
Example
He was furious when he found out that his rivals had traduced him.
C2 noun ˈnjʊə.rəʊ ˌfiːd.bæk

neurofeedback

Meaning
A technique that uses real-time displays of brain activity to teach self-regulation of brain function.
Example
Neurofeedback enhances cognitive performance and relaxation.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ/

rejoicing

Meaning
The action of showing great joy or happiness
Example
There was much rejoicing after the victory.
B2 noun /ˈskriːnɪŋ/

screening

Meaning
the act of examining or testing people to detect disease or evaluate suitability; a showing of a movie or program
Example
The hospital offered free health screening for all employees.
B2 verb /ɪnˈstrʌkt/

instruct

Meaning
to teach; to give directions
Example
The teacher instructed the students carefully.
B1 noun /ˈɛlɪmənt/

element

Meaning
A basic or essential part of something; a simple substance that cannot be broken down further.
Example
Trust is a key element of any strong relationship.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜːrprɪt/

misinterpret

Meaning
to understand or explain something wrongly
Example
He misinterpreted her silence as agreement.
C1 noun /ˈdek.ə.dəns/

decadence

Meaning
Moral or cultural decline characterized by excessive indulgence in pleasure or luxury.
Example
The novel describes the decadence of the wealthy elite.
B2 adjective /ɡəʊl ɔːˈrɪəntɪd/

goal-oriented

Meaning
Focused on achieving specific objectives or targets; driven by clear aims.
Example
Being goal-oriented is crucial for achieving success.
C1 noun /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

euthanasia

Meaning
The practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.
Example
The debate about euthanasia raises difficult ethical questions.
C1 noun /dɪˈmiːnər/

demeanour

Meaning
a person's outward behavior or appearance
Example
Her calm demeanour impressed everyone during the meeting.
C1 noun /kəˈlæm.ɪ.ti/

Calamity

Meaning
an event causing great and often sudden damage or distress; a disaster
Example
The earthquake was a terrible calamity that affected thousands of families.
C2 noun /ˈpjuːɪsəns/

puissance

Meaning
Great power, strength, or influence.
Example
The empire showed its puissance through vast armies.
A1 noun /kɑːr/

Car

Meaning
a four-wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation
Example
I drive my car to work every day.
C2 noun /lɪˈbrɛtoʊ/

libretto

Meaning
The text of an opera or other long vocal work.
Example
She studied the libretto before attending the opera performance.