A2 noun /ˈpɒkɪt/

pocket

Meaning

a small, enclosed space in clothing for carrying items

Example

He put his phone in his pocket.

B1 adverb /praɪˈmɛrɪli/

primarily

Meaning

for the most part; mainly

Example

She is primarily responsible for managing the finances.

B1 noun /pɪl/

pill

Meaning

a small round piece of medicine to be swallowed

Example

He took a pill to relieve his headache.

C1 noun /ˈpɛndjələm/

pendulum

Meaning

A weight suspended from a pivot so that it swings freely, often used to regulate clocks.

Example

The pendulum swung back and forth inside the clock.

B2 noun ˈprɒs.pekt

prospect

Meaning

The possibility or likelihood of some future event occurring.

Example

The project's success holds great prospect for the economy.

C1 verb /ˈpærəlaɪz/

paralyze

Meaning

to cause someone or something to lose the ability to move or function normally

Example

The sudden shock seemed to paralyze him.

C2 noun /ˌpæl.ənˈkiːn/

Palanquin

Meaning

a covered chair or bed carried on poles by bearers

Example

The bride was carried to the wedding ceremony in an ornate palanquin.

C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

Meaning

unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival

Example

Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.

C1 adjective /ˌprɛfəˈrɛnʃəl/

preferential

Meaning

showing or giving advantage to one over others

Example

Members receive preferential treatment at the club.

C1 noun /pəˈnæʃ/

panache

Meaning

Flamboyant confidence of style or manner; distinctive and stylish elegance.

Example

He delivered his speech with great panache.

C1 noun /ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/

propagation

Meaning

The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.

Example

The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid.

C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪdəns/ or /prɪˈsiːdəns/

precedence

Meaning

the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; priority

Example

Safety takes precedence over speed in this factory.

C1 noun /ˈpælɪt/

pallet

Meaning

a flat wooden platform used for moving or storing goods; also a makeshift bed

Example

The boxes were stacked on a wooden pallet for easy transport.

C1 verb ˈplʌmɪtɪŋ

plummeting

Meaning

Falling or dropping suddenly and steeply; decreasing rapidly

Example

The fertility rate in Bangladesh is plummeting.

C1 adjective /pəˈnɪnsjələr/

peninsular

Meaning

Relating to or resembling a peninsula.

Example

The peninsular region is surrounded by water on three sides.

B2 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən

precision

Meaning

The quality of being exact and accurate.

Example

High precision instruments are used in surgery.

C2 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːɡrəfi/

physiography

Meaning

the study of the physical features of the earth's surface

Example

He specialized in physiography to understand the landscape of the region.

B2 noun/verb /ˈpriːfɪks/

prefix

Meaning

a word, letter, or number placed before another; as a verb, to add something in front of something else

Example

Developers often prefix variables with an underscore.

C1 noun /ˈpræɡ.mə.tɪ.zəm/

pragmatism

Meaning

A practical approach to problems and affairs; dealing with things sensibly and realistically.

Example

His pragmatism helped solve the financial crisis.

C2 verb /prɪˈpɒndəreɪt/

preponderate

Meaning

To be greater in influence, weight, or number.

Example

In the debate, logical arguments preponderated over emotional appeals.

C1 noun /ˈprɒvənəns/

provenance

Meaning

The origin or source of something.

Example

The museum verified the provenance of the ancient manuscript.

C1 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.əs/

Piteous

Meaning

deserving pity; arousing compassion

Example

The piteous cries of the injured animal moved everyone to tears.

C1 noun /pluːm/

plume

Meaning

a large, soft feather or something resembling a feather

Example

The soldier wore a red plume on his helmet.

B2 noun /prəˈseʃ.ən/

Procession

Meaning

a group of people or vehicles moving forward in an organized way, especially as part of a ceremony

Example

The wedding procession walked slowly to the church.

B1 verb /prəˈnaʊns/

pronounce

Meaning

to say words correctly; to declare officially

Example

She can pronounce French words perfectly.

C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

Meaning

divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions

Example

The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.

B2 adjective /ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk/

psychiatric

Meaning

relating to mental illness or its treatment

Example

The psychiatric hospital provides care for those with severe conditions.

C2 verb /ˈpɔːltər/

palter

Meaning

to act insincerely or deceitfully; to equivocate or lie

Example

He paltered when asked about his involvement in the deal.

B2 noun /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən/

prosecution

Meaning

The act of bringing a criminal charge against someone and pursuing legal action in court.

Example

The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.

C2 verb /ˈpɜː.fə.reɪt/

perforate

Meaning

to make a hole or holes through something

Example

The machine can perforate sheets of paper for easy tearing.

C1 noun /ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪzeɪʃən/

personalization

Meaning

The action of making something personal or individual; customization.

Example

Personalization in marketing improves customer engagement.

C1 noun /pəˈrɪm.ɪ.tər/

perimeter

Meaning

the continuous line forming the boundary of a closed geometric figure or area

Example

The soldiers guarded the perimeter of the camp.

C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

Meaning

having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds

Example

After losing his job, he became penniless.

C1 adjective /pəˈnʌltɪmət/

penultimate

Meaning

second to the last in a sequence or series

Example

She finished the penultimate chapter before going to sleep.

C1 noun /prɪˈdɒmɪnəns/

predominance

Meaning

The state of being greater in number, strength, or importance.

Example

The predominance of online shopping has changed retail forever.

C2 noun /ˌproʊɪˈbɪʃənɪst/

prohibitionist

Meaning

A person who supports or advocates prohibition, especially of alcohol.

Example

The prohibitionist campaigned against the sale of liquor in the town.

C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

Meaning

Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.

Example

She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.

C2 adjective /ˈprɛʃənt/ or /ˈpriːʃənt/

prescient

Meaning

having or showing knowledge of events before they take place

Example

The prescient investor sold his shares just before the market crashed.

B2 noun /pərˈspek.tɪv/

Perspective

Meaning

a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view; the art of representing three-dimensional objects

Example

From his perspective, the decision was completely wrong.

C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

Meaning

a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder

Example

The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.

C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

Meaning

Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.

Example

The soil is very porous and drains quickly.

C2 noun /ˌprɪnsɪˈpæləti/

principality

Meaning

a state ruled by a prince

Example

Monaco is a famous principality in Europe.

A2 noun /ˈplen.ti/

Plenty

Meaning

a large or sufficient amount; abundance

Example

There is plenty of food for everyone at the party.

B1 noun /ˈprɪnsɪpl/

principle

Meaning

A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior.

Example

Honesty is a key principle of leadership.

C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

Meaning

existing or given in large amounts; abundant

Example

He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.

B2 noun /ˈpærɪʃ/

parish

Meaning

A local church community or the area served by a parish church.

Example

The parish gathered for Sunday service.

B2 adjective /pəˈzes.ɪv/

Possessive

Meaning

showing a desire to own or control something; unwilling to share; jealously protective

Example

He is very possessive about his car.

C2 adjective /pərˈfɜrvɪd/

perfervid

Meaning

intensely passionate or fervent

Example

She gave a perfervid speech in defense of human rights.

B1 noun /ˈpiː.kɒk/

Peacock

Meaning

a large bird with beautiful colorful tail feathers that can spread out like a fan

Example

The magnificent peacock displayed its colorful feathers to attract attention.

C2 noun /fɪˈlændərər/

philanderer

Meaning

a man who habitually engages in casual romantic or sexual affairs

Example

The politician was exposed as a notorious philanderer.

B1 adjective /ˈprɛʃəs/

precious

Meaning

of great value; highly esteemed or cherished

Example

This ring is very precious to my grandmother.

A2 noun /ˈpleɪər/

player

Meaning

a person who participates in a game or sport

Example

The player scored the winning goal.

C1 noun ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk

probiotic

Meaning

Live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts.

Example

Yogurt is a natural source of probiotics that aid digestion.

C1 adjective /ˈpjuː.ni/

puny

Meaning

Small, weak, or insignificant.

Example

He felt puny compared to his stronger classmates.

C1 verb /piːk/

pique

Meaning

to stimulate interest or curiosity; to arouse resentment or anger

Example

Her remarks piqued his curiosity about the secret project.

C2 adjective /pəˈrɒnɪməs/

paronymous

Meaning

Words that are derived from the same root or sound alike.

Example

The words 'effect' and 'effective' are paronymous.

A2 adjective /ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/

Patient

Meaning

able to wait calmly; tolerant

Example

She was very patient with her young students.

C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

Meaning

a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence

Example

She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.

C1 verb/noun /pərˈvɜːrt/

pervert

Meaning

As a verb: to distort the meaning or purpose of something; as a noun: a person with abnormal or immoral sexual behavior.

Example

He tried to pervert the truth to escape punishment.

B1 noun /ˈprɪn.tər/

Printer

Meaning

a person whose job is printing books, newspapers, or other materials; a machine that prints documents

Example

The printer delivered the wedding invitations on time.

B2 noun /ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

proposition

Meaning

A statement, idea, or plan put forward for consideration or discussion.

Example

The company made a business proposition to the investors.

A1 noun /pɪɡ/

Pig

Meaning

a domestic farm animal with a short curly tail and a flat nose

Example

The farmer fed the pig in the pen.

B2 noun ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪdz

pesticides

Meaning

Substances used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

Example

Excessive pesticides use can harm the environment.

A2 noun /ˈpjuːpəl/

pupil

Meaning

a student, especially a young one; the central opening of the eye that lets in light

Example

The pupil listened carefully to the teacher during class.

B1 noun ˈpʌb.lɪk ˈspiː.kɪŋ

public speaking

Meaning

The skill of speaking confidently in front of an audience.

Example

Public speaking skills are essential for leadership roles.

B2 verb /ˈpiːtər/

peter

Meaning

to diminish gradually and come to an end; to fade or dwindle away

Example

The excitement of the event began to peter out after a few hours.

A2 noun ˈpræktɪs

practice

Meaning

The actual application or use of an idea, belief, or method; repeated exercise in or performance of an activity or skill.

Example

Daily practice improves fluency.

B2 adjective /ˌpriːməˈtjʊər/

premature

Meaning

Happening or done before the usual or proper time.

Example

His decision to quit the job was premature.

C1 adjective /ˈpær.ə.nɔɪd/

paranoid

Meaning

having an unreasonable fear or suspicion of others

Example

She became paranoid after hearing strange noises outside.

B2 verb /poʊk/

poke

Meaning

to push or prod with a finger or pointed object

Example

Don't poke me with your finger.

C1 noun /ˈpɛdɪɡriː/

pedigree

Meaning

the recorded ancestry or lineage of a person, family, or animal; the history or origin of something

Example

The dog has a pedigree that traces back several generations.

C2 adjective /pərˈspɪkjuəs/

perspicuous

Meaning

Clearly expressed and easily understood; lucid.

Example

The teacher gave a perspicuous explanation of the theory.

C1 verb /pləˈkeɪt/

placate

Meaning

to make someone less angry or hostile; to calm or soothe

Example

He tried to placate the angry customer with a refund.

C1 noun /ˈpɛsəl/

pestle

Meaning

A heavy tool with a rounded end used for crushing or grinding substances in a mortar.

Example

She used a pestle to grind the spices.

C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

Meaning

A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.

Example

Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.

C1 adjective /ˈpɑːr.dən.ə.bəl/

Pardonable

Meaning

able to be forgiven; excusable

Example

His mistake was pardonable given the difficult circumstances.

C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

Meaning

extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly

Example

The penurious family struggled to buy food.

C1 adjective /ˈpɛndənt/

pendent

Meaning

hanging down or suspended

Example

The pendent branches touched the ground.

C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkoʊsəˈmætɪk/

psychosomatic

Meaning

Relating to a physical illness or condition caused or aggravated by mental factors such as stress.

Example

Her stomach pain was diagnosed as psychosomatic, linked to stress.

C1 verb /pɜːrdʒ/

purge

Meaning

To remove unwanted feelings, people, or things; to cleanse or purify.

Example

The new leader promised to purge corruption from the government.

C2 noun /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/

perspicacity

Meaning

Sharp insight, keen understanding and discernment.

Example

Her perspicacity in business decisions led to success.

B2 noun /pəˈræmɪtər/

parameter

Meaning

a limit, boundary, or measurable factor that defines or determines something

Example

We need to set clear parameters for this project.

C1 noun /ˈpreɪsiː/

precis

Meaning

A concise summary of a text or speech.

Example

The student submitted a précis of the long article.

C2 noun /ˈpɑːdreɪ/

padre

Meaning

A title for a priest, especially in the Roman Catholic Church; also used informally for 'father'.

Example

The soldiers attended mass led by the padre.

B1 noun /ˈpoʊ.lər beər/

Polar Bear

Meaning

a large white bear that lives in the Arctic regions

Example

The polar bear swims in the icy Arctic waters.

C2 verb /ˈpɛtɪˌfɒɡ/

pettifog

Meaning

to argue or quibble over trivial matters; to engage in petty, dishonest practices

Example

The lawyer was accused of trying to pettifog instead of addressing the real issue.

B1 noun /praɪˈɔːr.ə.ti/

Priority

Meaning

something that is more important than other things and needs attention first

Example

Health should be our top priority.

B2 verb /prəˈvoʊk/

provoke

Meaning

To cause someone to become angry or to cause a reaction.

Example

His words provoked a heated argument.

C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ɪk/

panoramic

Meaning

Giving a wide view of an extensive area in all directions.

Example

The hotel offers panoramic views of the ocean.

B2 verb /pəˈluːt/

pollute

Meaning

to make air, water, or land dirty and harmful to people, animals, and plants

Example

Factories pollute the environment with toxic chemicals.

B1 adverb /pəˈlaɪt.li/

Politely

Meaning

in a respectful and considerate manner; courteously; with good manners

Example

She politely declined the invitation because she had other commitments.

C2 adjective /ˌfoʊtoʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

photoelectric

Meaning

relating to the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a material

Example

The photoelectric effect is fundamental in solar panels.

C2 noun /ˈpɑːrləns/

parlance

Meaning

a particular way of speaking or using words, common to a group

Example

In legal parlance, the term has a different meaning.

C1 adjective /ˌpærəˈdɒksɪkəl/

paradoxical

Meaning

Seemingly contradictory or opposed to common sense, yet possibly true.

Example

It is paradoxical that standing is often more tiring than walking.

A1 adjective /pɪŋk/

Pink

Meaning

pale red color; slightly red

Example

She wore a beautiful pink dress to the party.

B1 adjective /peɪl/

Pale

Meaning

having a light color; lacking brightness or vividness; weak or faint

Example

She looked pale after being sick for a week.

C2 verb /pərˈlɔɪn/

purloin

Meaning

to steal something, often in a sneaky or dishonest way

Example

He tried to purloin a book from the library without being noticed.

A2 noun /prəˈdʌkʃən/

production

Meaning

the process of manufacturing or creating something

Example

The production of this film took over a year.

B2 adjective /ˈpɪt.i.fəl/

pitiful

Meaning

deserving or arousing pity; very small or inadequate

Example

The team's performance was pitiful compared to last year.

B1 noun /pərˈsɛntɪdʒ/

percentage

Meaning

a proportion or share in relation to a whole

Example

The percentage of students who passed the exam was high.

C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrtəbl/

partible

Meaning

capable of being divided or separated

Example

The estate was partible among the heirs.

C1 adjective /ˈprɪnsəpəld/

principled

Meaning

acting in accordance with moral or ethical standards

Example

He is a principled leader who always puts honesty first.

C1 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

physiology

Meaning

the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system

Example

She is majoring in human physiology at the university.

A2 adjective /ˈpaʊə.fəl/

powerful

Meaning

Having great power or strength.

Example

The James Webb Telescope is the most powerful space observatory.

B2 verb /ˈpɒndər/

ponder

Meaning

to think about something carefully

Example

She pondered over the meaning of the poem.

C2 verb /pərˈtɪkjələrˌaɪz/

particularize

Meaning

to mention or describe something in detail

Example

The witness was asked to particularize the events of that night.

C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

Meaning

a person who collects or studies postage stamps

Example

The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.

C1 noun /prəˌlɪf.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

proliferation

Meaning

Rapid increase in the number or amount of something; rapid multiplication or growth.

Example

The proliferation of malware is a growing concern.

C1 noun /ˈpʌndɪt/

pundit

Meaning

An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give opinions to the public.

Example

Political pundits debated the election results on television.

B1 noun praɪd

pride

Meaning

A feeling of deep pleasure or satisfaction derived from one's own achievements or from achievements associated with one.

Example

Victory Day fills our hearts with pride.

B2 adjective /prɪˈpærəˌtɔːri/

Preparatory

Meaning

preliminary; introductory; intended as preparation

Example

She attended preparatory classes before the final exam.

C2 noun /prəˈtɛktərət/

protectorate

Meaning

A state that is controlled and protected by another.

Example

The small country became a protectorate of the empire.

A2 noun /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

painting

Meaning

a picture or design made using paint

Example

The painting on the wall was created by a famous artist.

A2 noun /pɛt/

pet

Meaning

a domesticated animal kept for companionship or pleasure

Example

My dog is my favorite pet.

B1 noun prəˈpoʊzəl

proposal

Meaning

A plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion by others.

Example

The proposal was not sustained.

B2 noun /pɪt/

pit

Meaning

a large hole in the ground or a hollow area

Example

The workers dug a deep pit to build the foundation.

C1 noun /fɪˈziːk/

physique

Meaning

the form, size, and development of a person's body

Example

He has an athletic physique due to years of training.

C2 verb /pərˈveɪ/

purvey

Meaning

to supply or provide goods, services, or information, often as a business

Example

The company purveys organic food to health-conscious customers.

C1 noun prəˈpɛn.sə.ti

propensity

Meaning

An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way.

Example

He has a propensity for taking risks in business.

C2 noun /ˈpɛntəˌɡræm/

pentagram

Meaning

A five-pointed star often used as a symbol in magic, mysticism, or religion.

Example

The wizard drew a pentagram on the floor as part of the ritual.

C1 adjective /ˈper.ɪ.ləs/

perilous

Meaning

Full of danger or risk; hazardous and threatening.

Example

The explorers took a perilous journey.