B1 noun
C1 noun /prəˈpɛlər/
propeller
Meaning
A mechanical device with blades that rotates to drive a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle forward.
Example
The airplane’s propeller cut through the air with great speed.
C1 adjective /prɪˈkoʊʃəs/
precocious
Meaning
Showing advanced development or maturity at an unusually early age.
Example
The precocious child was reading novels at the age of five.
B1 adverb /praɪˈmɛrɪli/
primarily
Meaning
for the most part; mainly
Example
She is primarily responsible for managing the finances.
C2 adjective /ˌpriːtərˈnætʃərəl/
preternatural
Meaning
Beyond what is normal or natural; extraordinary or supernatural.
Example
She had a preternatural ability to remain calm in any crisis.
C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl/
palatable
Meaning
pleasant or acceptable to the taste, mind, or feelings
Example
The meal was simple but quite palatable.
C1 noun /ˈprɒfəsi/
prophecy
Meaning
a prediction or message about the future, often believed to be divinely inspired
Example
The prophecy foretold the rise of a great leader.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrsənəbl/
personable
Meaning
having a pleasant appearance and manner; attractive and friendly
Example
The new teacher is very personable and easy to talk to.
C1 noun ˈprɛvələns
prevalence
Meaning
The fact or condition of being widespread; the extent to which something exists or occurs
Example
The prevalence of aging issues requires immediate attention.
B1 verb /prəˈsiːd/
proceed
Meaning
to continue with a course of action; to move forward
Example
Let's proceed with the meeting as planned.
B2 noun /pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti/
Publicity
Meaning
public attention or notice given to someone or something; advertising or promotion
Example
The movie received a lot of publicity before its release.
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪˈstæblɪʃ/
preestablish
Meaning
To establish or set up beforehand.
Example
Certain rules were preestablished before the meeting.
B1 noun /ˈpɑr.dən/
Pardon
Meaning
forgiveness; the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense
Example
I beg your pardon for interrupting the meeting.
C1 verb /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪteɪt/
premeditate
Meaning
to think about and plan something (especially a crime) beforehand
Example
The suspect was accused of premeditating the crime.
B1 noun /ˈpæsɪŋ/
passing
Meaning
the act of moving past something or the end of someone's life
Example
The passing of the leader was a great loss for the nation.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/
perversion
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
B2 adverb /prɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/
predominantly
Meaning
mainly; for the most part
Example
The population in the city is predominantly young.
C1 adjective /ˈpɑːm.pəs/
Pompous
Meaning
showing off; pretentious; overly grand
Example
His pompous attitude annoyed everyone at the meeting.
C2 adjective /ˈprɪɡɪʃ/
priggish
Meaning
self-righteously moralistic and superior
Example
He came across as priggish when correcting everyone's manners.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrsɪˈkjuːʃn/
persecution
Meaning
the act of treating someone cruelly or unfairly because of their religion, race, or beliefs
Example
The persecution of minorities has been condemned worldwide.
C2 noun /foʊˈtɑːmɪtri/
photometry
Meaning
the science of measuring visible light in terms of its perceived brightness to human eyes
Example
Photometry helps in designing efficient lighting systems.
B2 noun /ˈpiː.lər/
Peeler
Meaning
a kitchen tool used to remove the outer skin or peel from fruits and vegetables
Example
Use a peeler to remove the potato skin.
A2 noun /pərˈmɪʃən/
permission
Meaning
the action of allowing or granting consent
Example
You need permission to enter the restricted area.
B1 noun /ˈfɑːrməsi/
pharmacy
Meaning
A place where medicinal drugs are prepared and sold.
Example
I went to the pharmacy to buy antibiotics.
B1 noun /pəˈlɪtɪʃən/
politician
Meaning
a person who is involved in politics, especially as a profession
Example
The politician promised to improve the economy.
C2 noun /ˈpjuːɪsəns/
puissance
Meaning
Great power, strength, or influence.
Example
The empire showed its puissance through vast armies.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːltri/
paltry
Meaning
small or meager; lacking in value or importance
Example
They offered him a paltry sum for his work.
B2 adjective /prɪˈventɪv/
Preventive
Meaning
designed to prevent something from happening; protective against disease
Example
Regular exercise is a preventive measure against heart disease.
A2 noun /ˈpɒkɪt/
Meaning
a small, enclosed space in clothing for carrying items
Example
He put his phone in his pocket.
C1 adjective /prəˈfeɪn/
profane
Meaning
showing disrespect or contempt for sacred things; irreverent or vulgar
Example
His jokes were considered too profane for the ceremony.
C1 noun /plɔɪ/
ploy
Meaning
a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage
Example
She used a clever ploy to win the debate.
C1 noun /pəˈθɒlədʒi/
pathology
Meaning
the scientific study of diseases, their causes, processes, and effects on the body
Example
Advances in pathology helped the doctors identify the rare infection quickly.
B1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.zən/
Poison
Meaning
a substance that is capable of causing death or illness
Example
The snake's bite contains deadly poison.
C2 adjective /prɪˈsɛnʃənt/
presentient
Meaning
Having a feeling or sense of something about to happen; predictive.
Example
She was presentient of the coming disaster.
B2 noun /prɔːn/
Prawn
Meaning
a large marine crustacean similar to shrimp but typically bigger
Example
The chef prepared delicious prawn curry with coconut milk.
C1 verb /ˈpæmpər/
pamper
Meaning
to treat with excessive care and attention; to spoil
Example
Parents often pamper their first child.
B2 noun /ˈprɛmɪs/
premise
Meaning
a statement or idea on which reasoning or an argument is based; also a building or property
Example
His argument was based on a false premise.
B2 noun prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti
prosperity
Meaning
The state of being prosperous; success or wealth.
Example
The country achieved great prosperity during the last decade.
B2 verb /ˈprɒspər/
prosper
Meaning
to succeed or flourish, especially in financial or business matters
Example
With hard work and determination, she managed to prosper in her career.
B2 noun /ˈpraɪ.vət ˈtuː.tər/
Private tutor
Meaning
a teacher who gives individual instruction to a student outside of regular school
Example
The private tutor helped the student improve his math skills.
C1 adjective /pəˈrɪʒən/
parisian
Meaning
relating to Paris or its people
Example
She wore a Parisian style dress at the party.
B1 verb /prəˈnaʊns/
pronounce
Meaning
to say words correctly; to declare officially
Example
She can pronounce French words perfectly.
A2 noun /ˈprɒd.ʌkt/
Product
Meaning
something that is manufactured or produced; the result of a process
Example
The company launched a new product in the market.
C2 noun /ˈpɑr.bəl/
Parbal
Meaning
A green vegetable also known as pointed gourd, commonly used in South Asian cuisine
Example
Mother prepared parbal curry with fish.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/
piquant
Meaning
having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative
Example
The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.
C1 noun /prəˈspɛktəs/
prospectus
Meaning
a printed document that advertises or describes a school, business, or investment offering
Example
The university sent out a prospectus to attract new students.
C2 adjective /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɒrɪkəl/
phantasmagorical
Meaning
Having a fantastic, dreamlike, or surreal appearance, often shifting or illusory.
Example
The movie created a phantasmagorical vision of another world.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrkwɪzɪt raɪt/
perquisiteperquisiteright
Meaning
a legal right to certain benefits or privileges associated with a job or office
Example
The judge enjoyed certain perquisite rights attached to his position.
C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd
protracted
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Example
The negotiations were protracted over months.
B2 verb /poʊk/
poke
Meaning
to push or prod with a finger or pointed object
Example
Don't poke me with your finger.
C1 noun /prɒɡˈnoʊsɪs/
prognosis
Meaning
A forecast of the likely outcome of a disease or situation.
Example
The doctor gave a positive prognosis for the patient's recovery.
A2 verb /prɪˈtɛnd/
pretend
Meaning
To act as if something is true when it is not.
Example
The children pretended to be superheroes.
C2 noun /ˈpɛntəˌɡræm/
pentagram
Meaning
A five-pointed star often used as a symbol in magic, mysticism, or religion.
Example
The wizard drew a pentagram on the floor as part of the ritual.
C2 verb /prɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt/
prognosticate
Meaning
To foretell or predict future events, especially based on current signs.
Example
Experts attempted to prognosticate the outcome of the election.
B2 noun /ˈpriː.tɛns/ or /prɪˈtɛns/
pretense
Meaning
A false appearance or claim; an act of pretending.
Example
His kindness was only a pretense to gain trust.
C1 noun /pəˈrɪfəri/
periphery
Meaning
The outer edge or boundary of an area or object.
Example
The soldiers were stationed at the periphery of the camp.
A2 adjective /ˈpaʊə.fəl/
powerful
Meaning
Having great power or strength.
Example
The James Webb Telescope is the most powerful space observatory.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/
palpable
Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
B2 verb /prɪˈzɜːv/
preserve
Meaning
to keep something in its original state; to protect from harm or decay
Example
We must preserve our natural environment.
B2 noun /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən/
prosecution
Meaning
The act of bringing a criminal charge against someone and pursuing legal action in court.
Example
The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.
B2 noun/verb /preɪ/
prey
Meaning
an animal hunted by another for food; to hunt and feed on
Example
Lions prey on zebras in the wild.
B2 adjective /ˌpeɪ.triˈɑː.tɪk/
Patriotic
Meaning
showing love for one's country
Example
The patriotic citizens celebrated Independence Day with great enthusiasm.
B2 noun /ˈprɛsɪdənt/
precedent
Meaning
An earlier event or decision that serves as a guide or example for future similar situations.
Example
The judge’s ruling set a new precedent for similar cases.
A1 noun /ˈpɑːpə/
papa
Meaning
an informal or affectionate term for one’s father
Example
Papa is picking me up from school today.
B2 adjective /ˈprɑːspərəs/
Prosperous
Meaning
successful in material terms; flourishing financially
Example
The company became very prosperous after launching their new product.
C2 noun /ˈpɑːrləns/
parlance
Meaning
a particular way of speaking or using words, common to a group
Example
In legal parlance, the term has a different meaning.
B1 adverb /pɑːrˈtɪkjʊləli/
particularly
Meaning
to a higher degree than is usual or expected
Example
She is particularly fond of Italian food.
C2 noun /ˈprɒsədi/
prosody
Meaning
The patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry and speech.
Example
The professor explained how prosody affects the mood of a poem.
B1 noun /ˈprɪn.tər/
Printer
Meaning
a person whose job is printing books, newspapers, or other materials; a machine that prints documents
Example
The printer delivered the wedding invitations on time.
A1 adjective /pʊr/
Poor
Meaning
having little money; lacking resources; of low quality
Example
The poor family struggled to make ends meet.
B2 noun /prəˈvaɪdər/
provider
Meaning
a person or thing that provides something.
Example
The service provider ensures that all customers receive timely support.
B2 noun ˈpɛs.tɪ.saɪdz
pesticides
Meaning
Substances used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.
Example
Excessive pesticides use can harm the environment.
A2 noun /ˈpækɪdʒ/
package
Meaning
a container or wrapping in which something is packed
Example
He received a package in the mail.
C2 adjective /pərˈsɪpiənt/
percipient
Meaning
Having good understanding or insight; able to perceive things clearly.
Example
As a percipient critic, she recognized the deeper meaning of the play.
C1 noun /ˈpæl.ət/
Palate
Meaning
the roof of the mouth; a person's ability to distinguish between different flavors
Example
The chef created dishes to please every palate.
A2 noun /ˈpʊd.ɪŋ/
Pudding
Meaning
a sweet dessert typically made by boiling or steaming
Example
My grandmother makes delicious chocolate pudding for dessert.
C2 noun /ˈpɒliˌɑːrki/
polyarchy
Meaning
government by many people
Example
Polyarchy allows multiple parties to share power.
B1 noun /pɑːm/
Palm
Meaning
a tropical tree with fan-shaped leaves; fruit of the palm tree
Example
The palm tree produces sweet fruit that we enjoy eating.
B2 adjective /ˈplɛʒərəbl/
pleasurable
Meaning
giving pleasure or enjoyment
Example
Reading a good book is a pleasurable activity.
B2 noun /ˈpɪt.ʃər/
Pitcher
Meaning
a large container with a handle and spout used for storing and pouring liquids
Example
The water pitcher on the table was filled with ice-cold lemonade.
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/
psychosis
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
B1 noun /ˈpɑː.vər.t̬i/
Poverty
Meaning
the state of being extremely poor; lack of basic necessities
Example
Many organizations work to reduce poverty around the world.
B2 verb /prɪˈsiːd/
precede
Meaning
to come before something in time, order, or position
Example
A brief introduction precedes each chapter.
B2 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən/
Passion
Meaning
strong enthusiasm or excitement for something; intense emotion or feeling
Example
Her passion for music led her to become a professional singer.
B1 noun
Pause
B2 noun /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/
Prejudice
Meaning
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
Example
We must fight against prejudice and discrimination in our society.
C2 noun /ˌpaɪrəˈmeɪniə/
pyromania
Meaning
An uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.
Example
The suspect was diagnosed with pyromania after repeated incidents of arson.
C1 noun prɪˈdɪk.ə.mənt
predicament
Meaning
A difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.
Example
Losing both jobs put him in a financial predicament.
C1 adjective /ˈper.ɪ.ləs/
perilous
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; hazardous and threatening.
Example
The explorers took a perilous journey.
C2 adjective /ˈpɑːrləs/
parlous
Meaning
Full of danger or risk; precarious.
Example
The company is in a parlous financial state.
C1 noun /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/
partiality
Meaning
an unfair preference or bias toward one side or person
Example
The judge was criticized for showing partiality in the case.
B2 verb prəˈlɒŋ
prolong
Meaning
To extend the duration of something; to make something last longer.
Example
A healthy diet helps prolong life expectancy.
C1 adjective /ˈprɛdəˌtɔri/
predatory
Meaning
Relating to animals that prey on others; exploiting or victimizing others for personal gain.
Example
The predatory bird swooped down on its prey.
B2 noun /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/
physicist
Meaning
a scientist who studies or specializes in physics
Example
The physicist explained the theory of relativity to the students.
C2 noun /proʊˈbɑːsɪs/
proboscis
Meaning
The long, flexible nose of some animals, especially an elephant, or a tubular feeding and sucking organ in insects.
Example
The elephant used its proboscis to grab food.
B2 noun /ˈprɒvɪns/
province
Meaning
a principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.
Example
The province is known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning landscapes.
B2 noun /ˈpæd.i/
Paddy
Meaning
rice in its natural state before processing; a field where rice is grown
Example
The farmers worked hard in the paddy fields during harvest season.
B1 noun /ˌpɒp.jəˈlær.ə.ti/
Popularity
Meaning
the state of being liked, admired, or supported by many people
Example
The singer's popularity has grown rapidly this year.
C2 noun /praɪˈveɪʃən/
privation
Meaning
A state in which things essential for human well-being such as food and warmth are lacking.
Example
The refugees suffered great privation during the harsh winter.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛnsɪv/
pensive
Meaning
Engaged in deep or serious thought.
Example
She looked pensive as she stared out of the window.
C1 verb /præns/
prance
Meaning
To move with high, springy steps, often to show off or attract attention.
Example
The horse pranced around the field gracefully.
C2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪsəri/
promissory
Meaning
Containing or conveying a promise, especially in writing.
Example
He signed a promissory note to repay the loan.
C1 noun /pækt/
Pact
Meaning
a formal agreement between individuals or parties; a treaty or contract
Example
The two countries signed a peace pact to end the war.
C1 noun /ˈpluː.mɪdʒ/
plumage
Meaning
the feathers covering a bird's body
Example
The peacock's plumage was vibrant and eye-catching.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrsənɪdʒ/
personage
Meaning
an important or famous person
Example
He is considered a great personage in the world of literature.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɜrvɪd/
perfervid
Meaning
intensely passionate or fervent
Example
She gave a perfervid speech in defense of human rights.
C2 adjective /pəˈrɒnɪməs/
paronymous
Meaning
Words that are derived from the same root or sound alike.
Example
The words 'effect' and 'effective' are paronymous.
B2 adjective /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/
Productive
Meaning
efficient; yielding good results; fruitful
Example
Working from home has made me more productive than ever before.
C2 adjective /ˈpɜːˌblaɪnd/
purblind
Meaning
Having impaired or defective vision; lacking insight or understanding.
Example
The purblind approach to the problem led to many mistakes.
B2 noun /prækˈtɪʃ.ən.ər/
practitioner
Meaning
a person actively engaged in a profession, especially medicine or law
Example
She is a skilled medical practitioner.
B2 noun /ˈprɑsɪˌkjuːtər/
prosecutor
Meaning
a lawyer who represents the government in criminal cases
Example
The prosecutor argued that the defendant was guilty of the crime.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/
pretension
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
C1 noun prɪˈsɪʒ.ən ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər
precision agriculture
Meaning
The technique of conducting agricultural work using advanced technology.
Example
Precision agriculture optimizes resource use and increases efficiency.
C2 adjective /pɪˈdʒɒrətɪv/
pejorative
Meaning
Expressing contempt or disapproval.
Example
He used pejorative terms to insult his opponents.
C2 adjective /ˌpəʊstˈprændɪəl/
postprandial
Meaning
Occurring after a meal.
Example
He went for a postprandial walk after dinner.
C2 noun /prɒɡˌnɒstɪˈkeɪʃən/
prognostication
Meaning
The act of foretelling or predicting future events.
Example
The astrologer's prognostication fascinated the audience.
B2 adverb /pəˈlɪtɪkəli/
politically
Meaning
in a way that relates to politics or government
Example
The country is politically divided between two major parties.
B2 noun /prəˈseʃ.ən/
Procession
Meaning
a group of people or vehicles moving forward in an organized way, especially as part of a ceremony
Example
The wedding procession walked slowly to the church.
C2 noun /ˈpɪnjən/
pinion
Meaning
a small gear or the outer part of a bird's wing; to restrain or immobilize
Example
The bird's pinion was injured, preventing it from flying.
C1 noun /ˌplɔː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti/
plausibility
Meaning
The quality of being reasonable or probable.
Example
The plausibility of his explanation convinced the jury.
B2 noun /ˈpælət/
palette
Meaning
a thin board or surface on which an artist sets and mixes colors; also a range of colors used in art or design
Example
The artist mixed vibrant shades on her palette before starting the painting.