B1 noun
C1 verb /per/
pare
Meaning
to cut away the outer covering or reduce something gradually
Example
She pared the apple before eating it.
C2 noun /kəˈbɑːdi/
kabadi
Meaning
a person who collects and sells scrap or recyclable materials, especially in South Asia
Example
The kabadi came every week to collect old newspapers and bottles.
B2 noun /pliː/
Plea
Meaning
an urgent and emotional request; a defendant's formal response to a criminal charge; an excuse or justification
Example
She made a plea for help during the emergency.
C1 noun /ˈtruː.ənt/
Truant
Meaning
a student who stays away from school without permission; a person who shirks duty
Example
The principal called the parents when their child was caught playing truant.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəkˈnɒlɪdʒd/
unacknowledged
Meaning
Not recognized, admitted, or accepted; ignored or unnoticed
Example
Her contributions to the project went unacknowledged.
C1 noun /ˈnɑː.sɪ.sɪ.zəm/
narcissism
Meaning
Excessive interest in or admiration of oneself; extreme selfishness.
Example
His excessive narcissism made it difficult for him to empathize with others.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛniwʌn/
anyone
Meaning
any person at all; used to refer to an unspecified person
Example
Does anyone know the answer to this question?
B2 noun ˈruθləs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən
ruthless competition
Meaning
Fierce and merciless rivalry or contest, without pity or compassion.
Example
Ruthless competition for power leads to societal issues.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtriːti/
entreaty
Meaning
An earnest or humble request or plea.
Example
She made an entreaty for peace during the heated argument.
C1 adjective /wɒn/
wan
Meaning
looking pale or sickly; lacking color or vitality
Example
After the long illness, his face looked wan and tired.
A1 noun /eər/
Air
Meaning
the invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth; a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen
Example
Fresh air is essential for good health.
A1 noun /fəʊn/
phone
Meaning
a device for communication, typically used to make calls or send messages
Example
I need to charge my phone.
B2 noun əˈmend.mənts
amendments
Meaning
Changes or additions made to improve a text, law, or constitution.
Example
Amendments reflect evolving public needs.
B2 adjective /pəˈzes.ɪv/
Possessive
Meaning
showing a desire to own or control something; unwilling to share; jealously protective
Example
He is very possessive about his car.
B2 noun ˈbentʃ.mɑːk
benchmark
Meaning
A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.
Example
Sabah Al Ahmad Sea City sets a benchmark in sustainability.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz
sustainable practices
Meaning
Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
Example
Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.
C1 adjective /ˌlaɪtˈhɑːrtɪd/
light-hearted
Meaning
cheerful, carefree, and not serious
Example
She gave a light-hearted speech at the party.
C1 noun ˌdɪdʒɪˈnɛəreɪʃən
degeneration
Meaning
The process of decline or deterioration in structure or function.
Example
The degeneration of brain cells leads to cognitive decline.
B2 verb /əˈspaɪər/
aspire
Meaning
to have a strong desire to achieve something
Example
Many students aspire to study abroad.
C1 noun /ˈʌp.raɪt.nəs/
Uprightness
Meaning
the quality of being honest and morally correct; integrity
Example
His uprightness in business dealings earned him great respect.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈfrɛndli/
environment-friendly
Meaning
Designed or produced in a way that causes minimal harm to the environment, often using sustainable materials and processes that reduce ecological impact.
Example
Environment-friendly products are designed to reduce ecological damage.
C1 adjective ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk
endemic
Meaning
Native and restricted to a certain place.
Example
The Bengal tiger is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
C2 noun /kɛn/
ken
Meaning
one's range of knowledge or understanding
Example
Quantum physics is beyond my ken.
B1 noun /ʃel/
Shell
Meaning
hard outer covering of an animal; explosive projectile for a gun
Example
The artillery fired a shell at the enemy position.
C1 noun ˈdʒen.ə.saɪd
genocide
Meaning
The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.
Example
The allegations of genocide raised global concerns.
A1 interjection /heɪ/
hey
Meaning
used to attract attention, express surprise, or greet someone
Example
Hey, how are you doing today?
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪdiəs/
invidious
Meaning
likely to arouse resentment, envy, or anger in others
Example
The manager's invidious remarks created tension among the employees.
A2 noun /niː/
Knee
Meaning
the joint connecting the thigh and the lower leg in humans
Example
He fell and scraped his knee on the pavement.
C1 verb /ˈpɛdəl/
peddle
Meaning
To sell goods, often by going from place to place; sometimes used negatively to mean promoting an idea or product in a pushy way.
Example
Street vendors peddle handmade jewelry to tourists.
C1 adverb /iːsˈθetɪkli/
aesthetically
Meaning
in a way that is concerned with beauty or visual appeal
Example
The building is aesthetically pleasing despite its simple design.
B1 noun ɪnˈtel.ɪ.dʒəns
intelligence
Meaning
The ability to learn, understand, and think in a logical way about things
Example
Intelligence is key in AI development.
C2 noun /ˈkærəm/
Carom
Meaning
aromatic seeds of a plant used as a spice, especially in Indian cooking
Example
Carom seeds are often used in traditional Indian bread recipes.
B2 verb /ˈresəl/
wrestle
Meaning
to fight by grappling and trying to throw down an opponent; to struggle with a problem
Example
The children like to wrestle on the playground.
C2 noun /ˈdʒʌɡjələr/
jugular
Meaning
A large vein in the neck that carries blood from the head back to the heart.
Example
The doctor checked the patient's jugular vein for signs of pressure.
B2 noun /dɪˈsper/
Despair
Meaning
the complete loss or absence of hope; a state of feeling hopeless
Example
After losing his job, he fell into despair and couldn't see any way forward.
B2 noun ˌbaɪ.oʊ.dɪˈvɝː.sə.t̬i
biodiversity
Meaning
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Example
Rainforests are home to immense biodiversity.
A2 noun /ɡoʊld/
Gold
Meaning
a precious yellow metallic element; jewelry or ornaments made of gold
Example
The gold bracelet sparkled in the sunlight.
C2 verb /stɑːntʃ/
stanch
Meaning
to stop the flow of blood or liquid from a wound or source
Example
The nurse quickly stanched the bleeding from the cut.
C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/
Eastwards
Meaning
towards the east; in an eastern direction
Example
The river flows eastwards into the ocean.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈbrɔɪld/
embroiled
Meaning
being deeply involved in a difficult situation, conflict, or scandal
Example
She found herself embroiled in a heated family dispute.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl/
Invisible
Meaning
unable to be seen; not visible to the eye
Example
The bacteria are invisible without a microscope.
C2 noun /ˈpɒlɪti/
polity
Meaning
an organized society or form of government
Example
The ancient Greek polity had a system of city-states.
A1 noun /pəˈteɪ.toʊ/
Potato
Meaning
a round white vegetable with a brown or red skin that grows underground
Example
She boiled potatoes for dinner.
A1 verb /teɪk/
take
Meaning
to get possession of; to carry or bring with oneself
Example
Please take this book to the library.
C2 noun /ˌpliːnɪpəˈtɛnʃəri/
plenipotentiary
Meaning
a person invested with full power to act on behalf of another, especially in diplomacy
Example
The ambassador was a plenipotentiary sent to negotiate the treaty.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪnəns/
imminence
Meaning
the state of being about to happen
Example
The imminence of the storm forced people to take shelter.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/
enforcement
Meaning
the act of making sure that laws or rules are followed
Example
The police are responsible for law enforcement.
A2 adjective /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/
amazing
Meaning
causing great surprise or wonder; astonishing
Example
The magician performed an amazing trick.
C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.və.naɪl/
Juvenile
Meaning
a young person below the age of adult criminal responsibility; relating to young people
Example
The juvenile court handles cases involving young offenders under eighteen.
B2 noun /spæn/
span
Meaning
the full extent or length of something from one end to another
Example
The bridge has a span of over 500 meters.
C2 noun /bəˈlɛəroʊ/
bolero
Meaning
A Spanish dance in slow triple time, or a short jacket open at the front.
Example
The dancers performed a passionate bolero at the festival.
C1 adjective /ˈnjuː.tri.ənt dɛns/
nutrient-dense
Meaning
Rich in nutrients and high nutritional value.
Example
Organic food is often more nutrient-dense than processed food.
C1 noun dɪˈtɜː.mɪ.nənt
determinant
Meaning
A factor that decisively affects the nature or outcome of something.
Example
Education is a key determinant of success.
A2 noun ˈpaʊ.ər
power
Meaning
The ability or capacity to do something or act in a particular way; authority.
Example
Power distribution ensures efficiency.
C1 noun /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ˈbreɪk.θruː/
revolutionary breakthrough
Meaning
A sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development that changes everything.
Example
Robotic surgery is a revolutionary breakthrough in healthcare.
B2 noun /kəˈlɛstərɒl/
cholesterol
Meaning
a fatty substance found in the blood, high levels of which can cause health problems
Example
High cholesterol can increase the risk of heart disease.
B2 noun /rɪˈsiː.vər/
Receiver
Meaning
a person or thing that receives something; the part of a telephone containing the earpiece and mouthpiece
Example
She picked up the receiver to answer the phone call.
C1 noun /ɪˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/
elaboration
Meaning
the process of adding more detail or expanding on something
Example
The teacher appreciated the student's elaboration of the topic.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/
incomplete
Meaning
Not finished, lacking some parts or not whole.
Example
Her report was incomplete and needed further details.
C2 noun /ˈrɛkluːsəri/
reclusory
Meaning
A place for seclusion or retreat, especially for a recluse or hermit.
Example
The monk spent years in the reclusory away from society.
C2 noun /ˈhæk.ni ˈkær.ɪdʒ/
Hackney carriage
Meaning
A taxi; a car licensed to carry passengers for hire
Example
I called a hackney carriage to get to the airport.
C1 noun /ˈɪntrɪkəsi/
intricacy
Meaning
the quality of being very detailed or complicated
Example
The intricacy of the design impressed everyone.
C2 noun /ˈɡæŋ.weɪ/
gangway
Meaning
A narrow passage or walkway; also an exclamation used to clear the way.
Example
The sailors lowered the gangway for passengers to board.
B2 noun /laɪm/
Lime
Meaning
a small green citrus fruit with acidic juice
Example
Add a slice of lime to your drink.
C1 adjective /ˈviːəmənt/
Vehement
Meaning
showing strong feeling; forceful; passionate; intense
Example
She gave a vehement denial of the accusations.
C1 adjective ˈtæs.ɪt
tacit
Meaning
Understood or implied without being openly expressed or stated
Example
Their mutual understanding was based on tacit agreement.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪərəti/
entirety
Meaning
the whole of something; the complete form
Example
He watched the movie in its entirety.
A1 preposition /ɪn/
in
Meaning
expressing the situation of being enclosed or surrounded by something
Example
She is in the kitchen preparing dinner.
A1 pronoun /ðiːz/
these
Meaning
used to refer to things or people that are near or present
Example
These are my friends.
C1 adjective /ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/
altruistic
Meaning
Showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.
Example
Her altruistic nature led her to volunteer for charities.
C2 verb /ˈmʌfəl/
muffle
Meaning
to make a sound quieter or less distinct; to cover or wrap something to reduce noise or warmth
Example
She tried to muffle her laughter with a scarf.
C1 noun /ˈveɪpəraɪzər/
vaporizer
Meaning
a device that turns a liquid into vapor, often for inhalation
Example
She used a vaporizer to ease her cough.
B2 adjective /əˈkjuːt/
acute
Meaning
present or experienced to a severe or intense degree; having sharp perception
Example
The patient suffered from acute pain after the surgery.
C1 noun ɪnˈsɛpʃən
inception
Meaning
The establishment or starting point of an institution or activity.
Example
The inception of the company marked a new era in the industry.
C1 verb /klæsp/
clasp
Meaning
to grasp or hold tightly; also a device for fastening
Example
She clasped her hands together in prayer.
B2 noun /ˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/
regulation
Meaning
A rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.
Example
Government regulation ensures fair business practices.
B2 verb /ɡruːm/
groom
Meaning
to clean, brush, and care for the appearance of someone or something
Example
She spends hours grooming her dog every week.
B1 noun /ˈɒnɪsti/
honesty
Meaning
the quality of being truthful and sincere
Example
Honesty is the best policy in all situations.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/
paucity
Meaning
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities
Example
The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.
B1 noun ˈɔːdioʊ ˈlɛsənz
audio lessons
Meaning
Educational content delivered through sound recordings, typically used for language learning and skill development.
Example
Audio lessons are useful for listening skills.
A2 noun /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/
painting
Meaning
a picture or design made using paint
Example
The painting on the wall was created by a famous artist.
B2 noun /kəˈrɪz.mə/
charisma
Meaning
Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.
Example
His charisma helped him become a great leader.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/
engrained
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; difficult to change.
Example
Cultural practices are often deeply engrained in the fabric of society.
C1 adjective /ˈvɪrjʊlənt/
virulent
Meaning
Extremely severe or harmful in its effects.
Example
The virulent disease spread rapidly across the region.
B2 noun /ˈpʌŋk.tʃər/
Puncture
Meaning
a small hole in a tire that causes air to escape
Example
I had to fix a puncture in my bicycle tire this morning.
C2 verb /ˈdʌmfaʊnd/
dumbfound
Meaning
to greatly astonish or shock someone so they are temporarily speechless
Example
The magician's trick dumbfounded the audience.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnɪt/
tenet
Meaning
a principle, belief, or doctrine held to be true
Example
Honesty is a central tenet of their philosophy.
C2 noun /dɪˈsweɪʒən/
dissuasion
Meaning
The act of persuading someone not to take a course of action.
Example
Her dissuasion prevented him from making a bad investment.
A2 verb /laɪ/
lie
Meaning
to be in a horizontal position; to tell an untruth
Example
The book lies on the table.
C2 noun /əˌpɒθiˈoʊsɪs/
apotheosis
Meaning
The highest point of development; the perfect example of something; the elevation of someone to divine status.
Example
Many see the Renaissance as the apotheosis of art and culture in Europe.
B1 noun /ˈɛnvəloʊp/
envelope
Meaning
a flat paper container used to enclose a letter or document
Example
She sealed the letter in an envelope and posted it.
B2 verb /briːd/
breed
Meaning
to produce young animals; to reproduce; to keep animals for producing young
Example
They breed horses on their farm.
C1 noun /dɪsˈsɜːrvɪs/
disservice
Meaning
A harmful action; something that does damage rather than help.
Example
Spreading false information is a disservice to the community.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zənt/
cognizant
Meaning
Having knowledge or being aware of something.
Example
He was cognizant of the risks before starting the project.
B2 adjective /rɪˈspek.tɪv/
Respective
Meaning
belonging to each individual; particular to each
Example
The students returned to their respective classrooms after lunch.
C2 adjective /ˌmɒnəkrəˈmætɪk/
monochromatic
Meaning
Consisting of or displaying only one color.
Example
The artist created a striking monochromatic painting in shades of blue.
B2 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛkt/
disinfect
Meaning
to clean something thoroughly to destroy bacteria or viruses
Example
The nurse disinfected the wound before applying a bandage.
B2 noun /fɛər/
fare
Meaning
the money paid for a journey on public transport; also food or treatment provided
Example
The bus fare to the city center is five dollars.
C1 verb /rɪˈpjuː.di.eɪt/
repudiate
Meaning
to refuse to accept, recognize, or support something
Example
He repudiated the claim that he was involved in the scandal.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈspɒzɪtəri/
expository
Meaning
intended to explain or describe something
Example
The teacher gave an expository lecture on the topic.
B2 adjective /bɪˈzɑːr/
bizarre
Meaning
very strange or unusual, especially so as to cause interest or amusement
Example
He told a bizarre story that no one could believe.
C2 adjective /əˈrækjələr/
oracular
Meaning
Resembling an oracle; giving wise, mysterious, or prophetic statements
Example
Her oracular words left the audience deep in thought.
A2 noun /faɪl/
File
Meaning
a tool with a rough surface for smoothing or shaping hard materials; a collection of papers or data
Example
He used a metal file to smooth the rough edges.
C2 noun /ˌɒstɛnˈteɪʃən/
ostentation
Meaning
excessive display of wealth or knowledge intended to attract admiration or envy
Example
The billionaire’s party was full of ostentation and luxury.
A2 noun /læmp/
Lamp
Meaning
a device for giving light, either one using electricity or burning gas or oil
Example
She turned on the reading lamp to illuminate her book.
C2 noun /ˌdaɪvəˈɡeɪʃən/
divagation
Meaning
digression; wandering from a path or subject
Example
His lecture was full of divagation, making it hard to follow the main point.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.aɪər/
Saphire
Meaning
a precious stone that is typically blue in color
Example
The royal crown was adorned with a large sapphire.
B2 noun /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/
partnership
Meaning
the state of being a partner or a group of partners
Example
Our partnership has helped both companies grow.
C2 adjective /ˈprʊəriənt/
prurient
Meaning
having or showing an excessive interest in sexual matters
Example
The magazine was criticized for its prurient content.
A2 noun /seɪf/
Safe
Meaning
secure container for storing valuables; protection from danger
Example
He kept his important documents in the office safe.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɜːrʒən/
incursion
Meaning
A sudden attack or invasion into a place or territory.
Example
The army repelled the enemy incursion at the border.
C1 noun /ˈɒntʊrɑːʒ/
entourage
Meaning
A group of people attending or surrounding an important person.
Example
The celebrity arrived with her entourage of assistants and bodyguards.
A2 noun /ɡoʊt/
Goat
Meaning
a farm animal with horns that gives milk and meat
Example
The farmer keeps goats for their milk and cheese.
B2 adjective /ˈdræs.tɪk/
Drastic
Meaning
extreme; severe; having a strong or far-reaching effect
Example
The company took drastic measures to reduce costs.
B2 adjective /ˈed.ɪ.bəl/
Edible
Meaning
safe to eat; suitable for consumption
Example
Only edible mushrooms should be used in cooking.
C2 noun /ɪnˈdɛntʃər/
indenture
Meaning
A formal legal agreement, contract, or document, often relating to work or service.
Example
In the 18th century, many workers came under indenture to work overseas.
B2 noun ˈkærɪktər dɪˈvɛləpmənt
character development
Meaning
The process of creating a believable character in fiction by giving the character depth and personality.
Example
The character development of Sydney Carton is profound.
C2 noun /ˈhɑː.mə.li/
Homily
Meaning
a religious discourse delivered as part of a church service; a tedious moralizing lecture
Example
The priest delivered an inspiring homily about compassion and forgiveness during Sunday service.
A2 noun /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/
equipment
Meaning
the necessary tools, machines, or other items needed for a particular purpose
Example
The laboratory bought new equipment for research.
B2 adjective /slɪk/
slick
Meaning
Smooth, clever, or efficient, often in a way that seems superficial.
Example
He gave a slick presentation to impress the investors.