B1 noun
C1 adjective /ˈretʃɪd/
Wretched
Meaning
very unhappy; miserable; of poor quality
Example
The refugees lived in wretched conditions.
A1 noun /striːt/
street
Meaning
a public road in a city or town, typically with buildings on one or both sides
Example
He walked down the street to the park.
B2 verb /ˈlaɪtən/
lighten
Meaning
to make something brighter or less dark; to make something less heavy or serious
Example
A joke can lighten the mood during a tense meeting.
C1 adjective /ˈdek.stər.əs/
dexterous
dexterous
Meaning
Showing or having skill, especially with the hands; mentally adroit and skillful.
Example
A dexterous programmer can write complex codes effortlessly.
The magician's dexterous fingers easily concealed the coin before making it disappear.
C1 adjective /moʊv/
mauve
Meaning
a pale purple color with a grayish or bluish tinge
Example
She wore a beautiful mauve dress to the party.
A2 noun /ˈæl.fə.bɛt/
alphabet
Meaning
a set of letters or symbols in a fixed order used to represent the sounds of a language
Example
Children usually learn the alphabet before learning to read words.
B1 adjective pəˈlɪtɪkəl
political
Meaning
Relating to the government or public affairs of a country; relating to politics or political parties.
Example
The political agenda included autonomy.
C2 adjective /ˈtriːkli/
treacly
Meaning
Excessively sweet or sentimental, like treacle.
Example
The movie was too treacly for my taste.
C1 noun /ˈmjʊr.əl/
Mural
Meaning
a painting or artwork applied directly on a wall or ceiling
Example
The artist painted a beautiful mural on the school wall.
C1 noun /kwɪnˈtɛt/
quintet
Meaning
A group of five people or things, especially musicians.
Example
The jazz quintet performed beautifully.
C1 verb /prəˈfes/
profess
Meaning
to declare or claim openly; to state one's belief
Example
He professes his love for classical music.
C1 noun /ˌtɒləˈreɪʃən/
toleration
Meaning
The practice of allowing something that one does not necessarily agree with.
Example
The government promoted religious toleration.
B2 adjective, verb (past) /səˈspɛndɪd/
suspended
Meaning
Temporarily not allowed, stopped, or hanging.
Example
He was suspended from school for a week.
C2 verb /ˈmiːliəˌreɪt/
meliorate
Meaning
To make something better or improve a condition.
Example
The new policies aim to meliorate the living conditions of the poor.
C1 adverb /ˈmiːk.li/
Meekly
Meaning
in a quiet, gentle way; without resistance or protest
Example
He meekly accepted the criticism without arguing.
A1 interjection /waʊ/
wow
Meaning
used to express great surprise, admiration, or pleasure
Example
Wow, that performance was amazing!
C2 noun /rɪˈfɛktəri/
refectory
Meaning
a dining hall, especially in a monastery, convent, or school
Example
Students had lunch in the refectory.
C1 adjective məˈdʒes.tɪk
Majestic
Meaning
Having impressive beauty, dignity, or grandeur; regal and stately in appearance.
Example
The majestic Himalayas stand tall against the sky.
C1 verb /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪt/
incubate
Meaning
to keep eggs, cells, or organisms at the right conditions for development
Example
The hen will incubate the eggs until they hatch.
B1 verb /əˈpriːʃieɪt/
appreciate
Meaning
to recognize the value or significance of; to be grateful for
Example
I really appreciate your help with this project.
B2 verb /tɔɪl/
Toil
Meaning
to work extremely hard for long periods
Example
Farmers toil in the fields from dawn to dusk.
C2 noun /hɜːrs/
Hearse
Meaning
a vehicle for conveying the coffin at a funeral; a funeral car
Example
The black hearse slowly made its way to the cemetery, followed by a procession of mourners.
B2 adjective /ˈhɪli/
hilly
Meaning
having many hills; characterized by hills or slopes
Example
The village is located in a beautiful hilly region.
C1 noun /ˈbærɪˌtoʊn/
baritone
Meaning
a male singing voice between tenor and bass
Example
The singer’s baritone voice impressed the audience.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɛlɪdʒəbəl/
Ineligible
Meaning
not qualified or entitled to participate or be chosen; unsuitable
Example
Students with poor grades are ineligible for the scholarship program.
C1 noun /ˈdɛljuːdʒ/
deluge
Meaning
A severe flood; an overwhelming quantity of something.
Example
The town was hit by a deluge of rain in just a few hours.
C1 noun /ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
mitigation
mitigation
Meaning
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Example
Disaster mitigation strategies save lives.
The country is focusing on climate change mitigation strategies.
C2 adjective /ˈpɛndjʊləs/
pendulous
Meaning
hanging down loosely; drooping
Example
The pendulous fruit weighed down the branch.
C1 verb /bɪˈsiːdʒ/
besiege
Meaning
to surround a place with armed forces to capture it; to overwhelm with requests or attention
Example
The city was besieged by enemy troops.
A1 noun /ˈtjuːzdeɪ/
tuesday
Meaning
The second day of the week, following Monday and preceding Wednesday.
Example
We have a meeting scheduled for Tuesday.
C2 adjective /kænˈtæŋ.kər.əs/
cantankerous
Meaning
Bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.
Example
The cantankerous old man complained about everything.
C2 noun /ˌhæŋ.ər ˈɒn/
hanger-on
Meaning
a person who spends time with a powerful or famous person to gain benefits.
Example
The celebrity was always surrounded by hangers-on.
B1 verb /ˈdɪfər/
differ
Meaning
to be unlike or distinct from something else
Example
Opinions differ on this issue.
C1 adjective /ɪˈneɪn/
inane
Meaning
lacking sense, meaning, or significance; silly or pointless
Example
The movie was criticized for its inane dialogue.
B2 noun /ˈbiː.təl/
Beetle
Meaning
a hard-bodied insect with wing covers
Example
The black beetle scurried across the garden path.
C1 verb /ˌriː.ɪˈstæblɪʃ/
reestablish
Meaning
to set up or restore something again after it has been disrupted
Example
The government worked hard to reestablish peace in the region.
C1 noun /ˈænəɡræm/
anagram
Meaning
A word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.
Example
The word 'listen' is an anagram of 'silent'.
C1 noun /sɛˈseɪʃən/
cessation
Meaning
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
Example
There was a temporary cessation of hostilities.
C1 noun /brɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/
bronchitis
Meaning
inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with acute bronchitis.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɪliətɔːri/
conciliatory
Meaning
intended to make someone less angry or more agreeable; soothing
Example
She spoke in a conciliatory tone to ease the tension.
C1 noun /rɪˈfɜːrər/
referrer
Meaning
a person who directs someone to another person or service
Example
The referrer earned a bonus for recommending a new client.
C1 verb /ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/
gratify
Meaning
to give pleasure or satisfaction to someone
Example
It gratified him to know his work was appreciated.
B2 noun /dɪˈsep.ʃən/
Deception
Meaning
the action of deceiving someone; the state of being deceived
Example
The magician's deception amazed the audience with seemingly impossible tricks.
A2 adjective /faɪn/
Fine
Meaning
good; excellent; thin; delicate; high quality
Example
The weather is fine today.
C2 adjective /ˈswɔːrði/
swarthy
Meaning
Having a dark complexion or skin tone.
Example
The sailor had a swarthy face from years under the sun.
C2 adjective /dɪˈmɒtɪk/
demotic
Meaning
relating to ordinary people or everyday language
Example
The poet used demotic language to connect with common readers.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜːki/
murky
Meaning
Dark, gloomy, and difficult to see through; obscure.
Example
We avoided swimming in the murky river.
C1 adjective /bɪˈrɛft/
bereft
Meaning
Deprived of or lacking something, especially a nonmaterial asset.
Example
After the betrayal, he felt bereft of hope and trust.
C1 noun /ˈnɑːrsɪsɪst/
narcissist
Meaning
A person who has an excessive interest in or admiration of themselves.
Example
Everyone avoided him because he was a narcissist.
B2 adjective /ˈkræŋki/
cranky
Meaning
bad-tempered, easily annoyed, or irritable
Example
The child gets cranky when he is hungry.
B2 noun /ˈɔɪ.stər/
Oyster
Meaning
a type of shellfish that can be eaten and sometimes contains pearls
Example
She ordered fresh oysters at the seafood restaurant.
A1 verb /hoʊld/
hold
Meaning
to grasp or carry something; to maintain a position
Example
Please hold my hand.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/
Mischievous
Meaning
playfully naughty; causing minor trouble; impish
Example
The mischievous child hid his sister's favorite toy.
C1 verb /ˈtiːtər/
teeter
Meaning
to move or balance unsteadily; to wobble
Example
The glass began to teeter on the edge of the table.
C1 adjective /pərˈtɜːrbd/
perturbed
Meaning
feeling anxious, unsettled, or disturbed
Example
He looked perturbed after hearing the bad news.
B2 noun /ˈaɪ.saɪt/
Eyesight
Meaning
the ability to see; vision
Example
Regular eye checkups are important for maintaining good eyesight.
B2 verb /ˈstreɪtən/
straighten
Meaning
to make something straight or tidy; to correct or organize
Example
She straightened her hair before the meeting.
C2 noun kəmˈpʌŋk.ʃən
compunction
compunction
Meaning
A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad.
Example
He felt compunction after lying to his friend.
The mischievous puppy ate the entire plate of cookies without any compunction, wagging his tail happily even after making a huge mess.
C2 verb /məˈmɔːriəlaɪz/
memorialize
Meaning
to preserve the memory of a person or event, often through a ceremony, monument, or record
Example
The city decided to memorialize the hero with a statue in the central square.
C2 noun /liːdʒ/
liege
Meaning
A feudal lord entitled to allegiance and service; a loyal subject.
Example
The knight pledged loyalty to his liege.
C2 verb /bɪˈhəʊv/
behove
Meaning
British spelling of 'behoove'; to be appropriate or necessary
Example
It would behove the company to listen to its customers.
A2 noun /ˈbætəri/
battery
Meaning
A device that stores and provides electrical energy; also refers to a group of similar things or repeated blows.
Example
The phone battery ran out after a long day.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɔːrˈɡænɪk/
inorganic
Meaning
relating to substances that are not derived from living organisms; lacking organic structure or growth
Example
Inorganic compounds are commonly studied in chemistry labs.
B2 noun /den/
Den
Meaning
a wild animal's lair or home; a small, comfortable room; a place for illegal activities
Example
The fox disappeared into its den when it sensed danger approaching.
A2 noun, verb /ˈsɛntəns/
sentence
Meaning
A set of words that expresses a complete thought; or a punishment given by a court of law.
Example
The judge gave him a five-year prison sentence.
B2 verb /ɪkˈsploʊd/
explode
Meaning
to burst or shatter violently and noisily as a result of rapid combustion or pressure
Example
The bomb exploded in the middle of the street.
C2 verb /ˈprɛsɪdʒ/
presage
Meaning
to be a sign or warning that something will happen; to foreshadow
Example
Dark clouds presage a storm.
A2 adjective /ˈsep.ər.ət/
Separate
Meaning
distinct; not connected; individual; apart
Example
Please keep your personal and professional lives separate.
C1 noun njuːˈtræl.ə.ti
neutrality
Meaning
The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartiality.
Example
Neutrality fosters trust in decision-making.
A2 adjective ˈkʌmftəbəl
comfortable
Meaning
Giving a feeling of physical ease and relaxation; free from hardship or unpleasant conditions.
Example
Urban planning aims to make cities more comfortable.
B2 adverb /əˈlɛdʒɪdli/
allegedly
Meaning
used to say that something is claimed to be true, though not proven
Example
He was allegedly involved in the robbery.
B1 noun /ˈdɛdˌlaɪnz/
deadlines
deadlines
Meaning
The latest time or date by which something should be completed.
Example
Setting deadlines helps finish tasks.
In college, it is crucial to keep track of all your assignment deadlines so you don't lose points for late submissions.
A2 noun /ruːf/
roof
Meaning
the top covering of a building or vehicle
Example
The roof of the house needs to be repaired.
B1 adjective /kriˈeɪtɪv/
creative
Meaning
Having the ability to produce new and original ideas or things.
Example
She is very creative in her writing.
A1 noun /dʒɒb/
Job
Meaning
a paid position of regular employment; a task or piece of work
Example
She found a new job at the technology company after graduation.
C2 noun /dɪˌlæpɪˈdeɪʃən/
dilapidation
Meaning
The state of disrepair or ruin as a result of neglect.
Example
The old temple was in a state of dilapidation.
A1 adjective /pʊr/
Poor
Meaning
having little money; lacking resources; of low quality
Example
The poor family struggled to make ends meet.
C1 noun /ˈtraɪ.pɒd/
tripod
Meaning
A three-legged stand used to support a camera, telescope, or other object.
Example
The photographer set up his camera on a tripod.
C2 noun əˌdʌl.təˈreɪ.ʃən
adulteration
adulteration
Meaning
The action of making something poorer in quality by the addition of another substance.
Example
Adulteration of food is a serious health risk.
Strict laws were passed to prevent the adulteration of milk with water.
C1 adjective /ˌser.ɪˈmoʊ.ni.əl/
Ceremonial
Meaning
relating to or used in ceremonies; formal and ritualistic
Example
The ceremonial dress was worn during the royal wedding.
B2 adjective /ˈmɒdɪst/
modest
Meaning
Having or showing a humble estimate of one’s importance; simple and not extravagant.
Example
She lives in a modest house in the countryside.
C1 noun /ˈkɒlərə/
cholera
Meaning
An infectious disease of the small intestine causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Example
The village suffered an outbreak of cholera after the flood.
C1 verb /skrɔːl/
scrawl
Meaning
to write or draw something quickly and carelessly, making it hard to read
Example
He scrawled his signature at the bottom of the page.
C1 noun /rɪˈkluːs/
recluse
Meaning
A person who lives alone and avoids other people; someone who lives a solitary life.
Example
The old man lived as a recluse in the mountains.
C2 noun /ˌkæl.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
calcification
Meaning
The process of calcium accumulation in soil, making it hard.
Example
Calcification reduces soil permeability and affects crop growth.
B1 verb /rɪˈtɜrnɪŋ/
returning
Meaning
Coming or going back to a place or person.
Example
The group is returning to the port on December 25th.
B1 noun /ˈviːzə/
visa
Meaning
an official authorization or permission to enter, leave, or stay in a country
Example
She applied for a visa to study abroad.
C1 adjective /əˈkʌlt/
occult
Meaning
Relating to mysterious, supernatural, or magical powers and practices.
Example
She had always been fascinated by the occult and its hidden knowledge.
B2 noun /ˌmɛdɪˈteɪʃən/
meditation
Meaning
The practice of focusing the mind to achieve calmness, clarity, or spiritual growth.
Example
She practices meditation every morning to start her day peacefully.
C1 noun /ˈderˌdevəl/
daredevil
Meaning
A person who enjoys doing dangerous or risky things.
Example
The stunt was performed by a famous daredevil.
C2 verb /əˈdʌltəreɪt/
adulterate
Meaning
to make something poorer in quality by adding another substance, usually of lower quality
Example
The company was fined for adulterating its products with cheap chemicals.
C1 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəl/
Remedial
Meaning
intended as a remedy; corrective; providing a cure;
Example
The students need remedial classes to improve their math skills.
B2 adjective ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl
ecological
ecological
Meaning
Relating to ecology or the environment.
Example
Deforestation threatens the ecological balance of the planet.
The scientists studied the ecological balance of the forest to understand how the deer, wolves, and plants all depended on each other to survive.
C1 adjective /aɪˈreɪt/
irate
Meaning
Extremely angry.
Example
The customer became irate after waiting for hours.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtʃɪdnəs/
wretchedness
Meaning
a state of misery, unhappiness, or poor condition
Example
The novel depicts the wretchedness of war victims.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈsɛnʃəl/
inessential
Meaning
not necessary or important; not essential
Example
The report removes all inessential details to stay focused.
C2 noun /hɑrˈmoʊniəm/
Harmonium
Meaning
a keyboard musical instrument similar to an organ, using air to produce sound
Example
She played devotional songs on the harmonium at the temple.
C2 noun /ˈbæn.jən/
Banian
Meaning
a sleeveless undergarment worn next to the skin; vest
Example
He put on a cotton banian under his shirt.
B2 verb /rɪˈfaɪn/
refine
Meaning
to improve by making small changes; to purify
Example
The chef refines the recipe to perfection.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzæspəˌreɪtɪd/
exasperated
Meaning
greatly annoyed or irritated
Example
She gave him an exasperated look after his repeated mistakes.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt
indispensable support
Meaning
Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.
Example
Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.
C2 noun /ˈpætrɪˌmoʊni/
patrimony
Meaning
Property or inheritance passed down from one's father or ancestors.
Example
The castle was part of his patrimony from his noble ancestors.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpɛnd/
impend
Meaning
to be about to happen; to loom threateningly
Example
Dark clouds suggested that a storm was impeding.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/
conflagaration
Meaning
This is a common misspelling of 'conflagration', which means a large, destructive fire.
Example
The term 'conflagaration' is often incorrectly used instead of 'conflagration'.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.ʌnˈdeɪ.ʃən/
inundation
Meaning
The act of flooding or overwhelming with water or things.
Example
The town suffered from a severe inundation after the heavy rains.
B2 adjective /ˈheɪsti/
Hasty
Meaning
done or acting with excessive speed or urgency; hurried
Example
Don't make hasty decisions when you're angry.
B1 verb /ˈkɒntrækt/
contract
Meaning
to make smaller; to enter into a formal agreement
Example
The company will contract a new supplier for materials.
C1 adjective /sɪˈkluːdɪd/
secluded
Meaning
Placed apart from other people or things; private and quiet.
Example
They spent their vacation in a secluded beach house.
B2 noun /rɪˈvaɪ.vəl/
Revival
Meaning
an improvement in the condition or strength of something; renewed interest in or attention to something
Example
There has been a revival of interest in traditional crafts.
C1 verb /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/
vanquish
Meaning
to defeat thoroughly, especially in battle or competition
Example
The army vanquished its enemies with superior strategy.
A2 noun /ˈsɛlər/
seller
Meaning
a person who sells something
Example
The seller offered a discount on bulk purchases.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/
seismic
Meaning
Relating to earthquakes or vibrations of the earth and its crust.
Example
The region is known for its seismic activity.
C1 verb /ˈɡloʊbəlaɪz/
globalize
Meaning
to make something worldwide in scope or application; to integrate into a global system
Example
Many companies globalize their operations to reach international markets.
B2 noun kəˈmɪʃ.ən
commission
Meaning
An official group of people entrusted by a government with a particular function.
Example
The commission recommends constitutional reforms.
C2 noun ˈsaɪəns ˈdezət
science-desert
Meaning
A region or area lacking in scientific development, research facilities, or educational institutions.
Example
J.C. Bose thrived in a science-desert.
B1 adjective ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt
established
Meaning
Having been in existence for a long time and therefore recognized and generally accepted; set up on a firm or permanent basis.
Example
Democracy was established under strong leadership.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪsəʊˈθɜːrməl/
isothermal
Meaning
Having or maintaining equal or constant temperature.
Example
The experiment was conducted under isothermal conditions.
B2 noun /ˈpɪt.ʃər/
Pitcher
Meaning
a large container with a handle and spout used for storing and pouring liquids
Example
The water pitcher on the table was filled with ice-cold lemonade.
C2 noun /ˈɔːrɪkl̩/
auricle
Meaning
The external part of the ear; also an upper chamber of the heart in anatomy.
Example
The doctor examined the patient’s auricle for signs of infection.
C2 adjective /ˈprɛʃənt/ or /ˈpriːʃənt/
prescient
Meaning
having or showing knowledge of events before they take place
Example
The prescient investor sold his shares just before the market crashed.