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B2 noun /ˈɔːɡən/

organ

Meaning
a part of the body that performs a specific function
Example
The heart is an important organ in the human body.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃ/

impoverish

Meaning
To make someone poor or reduce the quality or richness of something.
Example
The long war impoverished the entire nation.
C1 verb, adjective, noun /spruːs/

spruce

Meaning
to make neat or tidy in appearance; also refers to an evergreen tree
Example
He spruced up his room before the guests arrived.
B1 verb /pɔːr/

pour

Meaning
to flow or cause to flow in a steady stream; to rain heavily
Example
Please pour the water into the glass carefully.
C2 verb /fɔɪst/

foist

Meaning
To impose something unwelcome or unnecessary on someone.
Example
He tried to foist his old books onto his friends.
B2 noun /dɪˈnaɪ.əl/

Denial

Meaning
the action of declaring something to be untrue; refusal to acknowledge something
Example
His denial of involvement in the scandal was met with skepticism.
A2 noun /ʌmˈbrɛlə/

umbrella

Meaning
A device used for protection against rain or sun, typically consisting of a collapsible canopy mounted on a central rod.
Example
She opened her umbrella as it started to rain.
B2 noun /ˈhʌrɪkən/

hurricane

Meaning
A violent tropical storm with very strong winds and heavy rain.
Example
The hurricane destroyed hundreds of homes along the coast.
A1 verb /neɪm/

name

Meaning
to give a title or designation to someone or something
Example
They decided to name their baby Sarah.
A2 noun /nɔɪz/

Noise

Meaning
a sound, especially one that is loud or unpleasant
Example
The noise from the construction site was very disturbing.
C2 verb /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/

undulate

Meaning
To move with a smooth, wave-like motion.
Example
The snake undulated across the sand.
B2 adjective /ˈpraɪs.ləs/

Priceless

Meaning
extremely valuable; invaluable; beyond price
Example
Her grandmother's antique jewelry is absolutely priceless.
A2 noun ˈsaɪən.tɪst

scientist

Meaning
A person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of the natural or physical sciences.
Example
The scientist proposed data-driven reforms.
B2 noun /ˈkæp.sɪ.kəm/

Capsicum

Meaning
sweet pepper; bell pepper; colorful vegetable used in cooking
Example
Add red and green capsicum to make the dish colorful and nutritious.
B2 noun /ˈdreɪ.nɪdʒ/

drainage

Meaning
the system or process by which water or other liquids are drained away
Example
Poor drainage caused flooding in the neighborhood.
A2 noun ˈen.ə.dʒi

energy

Meaning
Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.
Example
Clean energy sources help reduce pollution.
C1 noun /ˈdel.ɪ.kə.si/

Delicacy

Meaning
fineness of texture or structure; a choice or expensive food; sensitivity in handling
Example
The chef prepared a local delicacy that was famous throughout the region.
C2 noun /ˈɡlʌt.ən/

Glutton

Meaning
a person who regularly eats or drinks more than is necessary; someone who has an excessive appetite
Example
He was known as a glutton who could finish three large pizzas in one sitting.
B1 noun /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

Shadow

Meaning
a dark area where light is blocked by something; a person's silhouette
Example
The tree cast a long shadow across the garden in the evening.
C2 adjective /bɪˈfɒɡd/

befogged

Meaning
Confused or clouded in mind; made unclear like being surrounded by fog.
Example
His mind felt befogged after the long and exhausting meeting.
C1 verb /rɪˈfjuːt/

refute

Meaning
To prove a statement, argument, or theory to be false or invalid.
Example
The lawyer refuted the witness's testimony with solid evidence.
B1 noun /ˈmɛdəl/

medal

Meaning
a piece of metal given as an award for achievement
Example
She won a gold medal in the 100-meter race.
C1 noun ˈrez.ɪ.djuːz

residues

Meaning
A small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been taken or used.
Example
The burning process leaves no harmful residues.
B1 noun /tʃuˈɪʃ.ən/

tuition

Meaning
the fee for instruction or teaching, typically at a school or university
Example
The tuition for the college has increased this year.
C1 noun /jiːld ˌɒptɪmaɪˈzeɪʃən/

yield optimization

Meaning
The process of maximizing the productivity or efficiency of crop production through various agricultural techniques and practices.
Example
Yield optimization techniques can significantly improve crop production.
B2 noun /ˈwaɪld.laɪf ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən/

wildlife conservation

Meaning
The practice of protecting wild animal species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural ecosystems.
Example
Wildlife conservation aims to protect endangered species.
B2 verb /rɪˈfaɪn/

refine

Meaning
to improve by making small changes; to purify
Example
The chef refines the recipe to perfection.
C1 phrase ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈfɔː.rəm

regional forum

Meaning
A meeting or conference where representatives from countries or organizations in a specific geographical area discuss issues of common interest.
Example
The Regional Forum discussed deforestation impacts.
C2 noun /ˈbuːbi/

booby

Meaning
a foolish or gullible person; a silly individual
Example
He felt like a booby after making such a simple mistake.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərət/

temperate

Meaning
showing moderation or self-restraint; also describing mild climate.
Example
He is known for his temperate behavior even in stressful situations.
B1 noun /ˈfɪzɪks/

physics

Meaning
the natural science that studies matter, energy, and the interactions between them
Example
She decided to major in physics at the university.
C1 noun /ˈpæstər/

pastor

Meaning
a minister in charge of a Christian church or congregation
Example
The pastor delivered a heartfelt sermon on compassion.
C2 noun /ˈsʌfrədʒɪst/

suffragist

Meaning
a person advocating the extension of suffrage, especially to women
Example
The suffragists organized rallies to demand voting rights for women.
C1 noun ˌriːˌvaɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

revitalization

Meaning
The action of giving new life and vitality to something.
Example
Proper rest and nutrition lead to revitalization of the body.
C1 noun /ˈpleɪˌraɪt/

playwright

Meaning
a person who writes plays
Example
Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright of all time.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːbərn/

auburn

Meaning
reddish-brown in color, especially used to describe hair
Example
She has long auburn hair that shines in the sunlight.
C2 noun /ˈsɪʒ.ən/

scission

Meaning
the act of cutting or dividing something
Example
The political party suffered a scission over ideological disputes.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛtjʊlənt/

petulant

Meaning
Childishly sulky or bad-tempered.
Example
The child became petulant when denied more candy.
C2 adjective /ˌæktʃuˈɛəriəl/

actuarial

Meaning
Relating to actuaries or their work of analyzing financial risk and uncertainty, especially in insurance and pensions.
Example
The company relied on actuarial reports to set insurance premiums.
C1 noun /ɡlɪtʃ/

glitch

Meaning
A sudden, usually temporary fault or malfunction in a system or device.
Example
The computer crashed due to a minor glitch in the software.
C2 verb /dɒf/

doff

Meaning
to take off an item of clothing, especially a hat, as a sign of respect
Example
He doffed his hat as the procession passed.
B2 noun /ˈkæp.ʃən/

caption

Meaning
a brief explanation or description accompanying an illustration or photograph
Example
The caption under the photo explained who the people were.
A2 adjective /flæt/

flat

Meaning
Smooth and level, without raised areas or curves.
Example
The road ahead was completely flat.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛniˌbɒdi/

anybody

Meaning
any person; anyone
Example
Anybody can join the club.
B2 verb /əˈvɜːrt/

avert

Meaning
to prevent something bad from happening or to turn away one's eyes or thoughts
Example
Quick action helped avert a disaster.
A2 noun /kæʃ/

cash

Meaning
money in the form of bills or coins, not checks or credit
Example
She paid the bill in cash.
C2 noun /ˌæpəˈrɪʃən/

apparition

Meaning
A ghostly figure or an unusual or unexpected appearance.
Example
The children were frightened by the sudden apparition in the old house.
B2 adjective /mæɡˈnɪfɪsənt/

magnificent

Meaning
extremely beautiful, impressive, or splendid
Example
The view from the mountain was truly magnificent.
B2 verb /ˈfɪltər/

filter

Meaning
to pass a substance through a device to remove unwanted material or to selectively pass certain items
Example
She used a coffee filter to separate the grounds from the liquid.
A1 noun /naɪn/

nine

Meaning
the number that is one more than eight
Example
She has nine books in her collection.
C2 noun /ˈmɪlɪt/

millet

Meaning
a small-seeded grass cultivated as a cereal crop
Example
Millet is often used as food in rural areas.
A2 noun /ˈhɒki/

hockey

Meaning
a sport played with sticks and a ball or puck on ice or a field
Example
He plays hockey for the national team.
C1 noun /ˈwɒndərlʌst/

wanderlust

Meaning
A strong desire to travel and explore the world.
Example
Her wanderlust took her to every corner of the globe.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmɜːrdʒɪŋ/

emerging

Meaning
becoming known, developing, or starting to exist
Example
Bangladesh is one of the fastest emerging economies in the world.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌmp.ʃən/

gumption

Meaning
Courage, resourcefulness, or initiative.
Example
It takes real gumption to start your own business.
B2 noun prəʊb

probe

Meaning
An unmanned exploratory spacecraft designed to transmit information about its environment.
Example
The probe collected data from the planet's surface.
C2 noun /ruːθ/

ruth

Meaning
A feeling of pity, compassion, or sorrow.
Example
He felt no ruth for the people he had betrayed.
C2 noun /ˈkɒkskoʊm/

Cockscomb

Meaning
a tropical plant with bright, velvety flowers that resemble a rooster's comb
Example
The bright red cockscomb flowers added vibrant color to the garden bed.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃaɪl.dɪʃ/

Childish

Meaning
immature and silly; behaving in a way that is typical of a child but inappropriate for an adult
Example
His childish behavior during the meeting was quite embarrassing.
B2 noun /ˈrʊki/

rookie

Meaning
a person who is new to an activity or organization; a beginner
Example
The rookie policeman made a few mistakes on his first day.
B2 noun /dəˈmeɪn/

domain

Meaning
An area of knowledge, activity, or territory over which control is exercised.
Example
Mathematics is her main domain of expertise.
C1 noun /krʌtʃ/

crutch

Meaning
a support used by someone injured to walk; also something relied upon for support or help
Example
He had to use crutches after breaking his leg.
B2 adjective daɪˈvɜːs

diverse

Meaning
Showing a great deal of variety; very different.
Example
Diverse industries enhance economic resilience.
C2 adjective /ˈdɔːrsəl/

dorsal

Meaning
Relating to the back or upper side of an animal or body part.
Example
Sharks have a prominent dorsal fin.
B2 noun /ˈbɒtəni/

botany

Meaning
the scientific study of plants
Example
She is studying botany at the university.
C1 adjective, noun /rɪˈsiːvəbl/

receivable

Meaning
Money that is owed to a company and is expected to be paid.
Example
The company's receivables increased significantly this quarter.
C2 verb ˈɪnʌndeɪt

inundate

Meaning
To flood; overwhelm someone or something with things or people to be dealt with
Example
The company was inundated with requests after the advertisement.
C2 noun /dʒɛˌstɪkjʊˈleɪʃən/

gesticulation

Meaning
a gesture, especially a dramatic one, used instead of speaking or to emphasize speech
Example
His speech was full of passionate gesticulations.
C1 noun /taɪˈpɒɡrəfi/

typography

Meaning
the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible and visually appealing
Example
Good typography improves the readability of a website.
B1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/

disappoint

Meaning
to fail to fulfill the hopes or expectations of someone; to make someone feel sad or displeased
Example
I hope I won't disappoint you with my performance.
B2 verb ˈsiːlɪŋ

sealing

Meaning
The action of closing or blocking something to prevent entry or escape.
Example
Sealing cracks in the walls can prevent pests from entering.
B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rət/

Pirate

Meaning
a person who attacks and robs ships at sea; someone who uses or reproduces copyrighted material illegally
Example
The pirate ship was spotted near the coast.
C2 adjective /əˈsɛt.ɪk/

ascetic

Meaning
Practicing strict self-denial and abstaining from worldly pleasures, often for religious reasons.
Example
He lived an ascetic life in the mountains, far from worldly comforts.
C2 verb /trænsˈfɪɡjʊər/

transfigure

Meaning
To transform the outward appearance or form, often in a way that elevates or glorifies.
Example
The artist managed to transfigure simple clay into a beautiful sculpture.
C1 adjective /ræmˈbʌŋk.ʃəs/

rambunctious

Meaning
boisterous, energetic, and difficult to control.
Example
The rambunctious children filled the house with noise.
A1 pronoun /ˈʌðərz/

others

Meaning
people or things distinct from the ones already mentioned or known
Example
I like to spend time with others.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈkæpɪtəlɪst/

capitalist

Meaning
a person who supports or believes in capitalism; a wealthy business owner
Example
The capitalist believes in the freedom of the market.
C1 noun /plʊəˈrælɪti/

plurality

Meaning
the state of being multiple; the greater part or majority
Example
In the election, she won by a plurality of votes.
C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

Meaning
lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness
Example
The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.
C1 noun kənˈvɜː.dʒəns

convergence

Meaning
The process of coming together from different directions to meet at a common point; unification or integration.
Example
The convergence of technologies is revolutionizing industries.
A2 noun /fɑːrm/

farm

Meaning
an area of land used for growing crops and raising animals
Example
They live on a farm with many animals.
C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

Meaning
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
Example
He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.
B2 noun, verb /ɪntʃ/

inch

Meaning
A unit of length equal to 2.54 centimeters; or to move slowly and carefully in small amounts.
Example
She inched closer to the edge of the stage.
A1 pronoun /ʃi/

she

Meaning
a female person or animal previously mentioned or easily identified
Example
She is going to the market to buy vegetables.
C2 adjective /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/

anodyne

Meaning
Not likely to cause offense; bland or harmless. Also refers to something that relieves pain.
Example
The speaker’s anodyne remarks avoided controversy.
C1 noun /kwɜːrk/

Quirk

Meaning
a peculiar behavioral habit; an unexpected turn or twist
Example
Her quirk of always wearing mismatched socks made her unique.
C1 adjective ˈkrɪp.tɪk

cryptic

Meaning
Having a meaning that is mysterious or obscure; difficult to understand.
Example
The message was cryptic and hard to decipher.
A2 adjective /skaɪ bluː/

Sky-blue

Meaning
a bright blue color like that of a clear sky
Example
Her sky-blue eyes sparkled in the sunlight.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊtəbl/

notable

Meaning
worthy of attention or notice; remarkable
Example
She made a notable contribution to the project.
C2 noun /ˌnɛɡlɪˈʒeɪ/

negligee

Meaning
A woman's light dressing gown, often made of thin or silky material.
Example
She wore a silk negligee before going to bed.
A1 verb /rɪˈmembə/

remember

Meaning
to bring a past event back into one's mind; to keep in memory
Example
I remember my first day at school.
C2 noun ˌpɜː.pɪˈtʃuː.ɪ.ti

perpetuity

Meaning
Permanence, eternity, continuity.
Example
The contract ensures payments in perpetuity.
C2 adjective /ˈbrækɪʃ/

brackish

Meaning
Slightly salty, often describing water that is a mix of fresh and seawater.
Example
The river estuary contained brackish water.
C2 noun /ʃiːf/

sheaf

Meaning
a bundle of grain stalks laid lengthwise and tied together after reaping; a bundle of objects tied together
Example
The farmer carried a sheaf of wheat on his shoulder.
B2 noun /ˈrɛlɪvəns/

relevance

Meaning
the quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate
Example
The relevance of the information was clear to everyone.
C1 verb məˈtæb.ə.laɪz

metabolize

Meaning
Process and use food for growth and to replace tissue, or process other substances in the body.
Example
The liver helps to metabolize toxins.
B2 adjective /ˈstʌb.ərn/

Stubborn

Meaning
refusing to change opinion or course of action; persistent; obstinate
Example
The stubborn child refused to eat his vegetables.
A1 noun /ˈdænsɪŋ/

dancing

Meaning
the activity of moving the body rhythmically to music
Example
They spent the evening dancing at the party.
A2 adjective, noun /ˈplæstɪk/

plastic

Meaning
a synthetic material that can be molded; flexible or easily shaped
Example
These containers are made of durable plastic.
A2 adjective /ˈɑp.ə.zɪt/

Opposite

Meaning
Contrary; completely different; facing each other; reverse;
Example
They have opposite views on politics but remain good friends.
C2 noun /ˈlɑːrdər/

larder

Meaning
A place, such as a pantry, where food is stored.
Example
The larder was full of fresh bread and cheese.
B2 adjective /ˈɒp.tɪ.məl/

optimal

Meaning
Best or most favorable; the most effective under particular conditions.
Example
The optimal temperature for plant growth is around 25°C.
A2 adjective /hjuːdʒ/

huge

Meaning
extremely large in size or amount
Example
The stadium was filled with a huge crowd.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/

crevasse

Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
B1 adjective /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/

Capable

Meaning
having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve something; competent
Example
She is capable of handling complex problems.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdɒktrɪˌneɪt/

indoctrinate

Meaning
To teach someone to fully accept a set of beliefs or ideas without question.
Example
The regime tried to indoctrinate the youth with propaganda.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnkɒnstɪˈtuːʃənəl/

Unconstitutional

Meaning
not in accordance with a political constitution; violating constitutional principles
Example
The court declared the new law unconstitutional.
C1 adjective /ˈnɑːkʃəs/

noxious

Meaning
harmful, poisonous, or very unpleasant
Example
The factory released noxious fumes into the air.
C1 adjective /əˈblɪɡ.ə.tɔː.ri/

obligatory

Meaning
Required by a legal, moral, or other rule; compulsory.
Example
Wearing a seatbelt is obligatory in most countries.
B1 adverb /ˈwaɪdli/

widely

Meaning
to a great extent or degree
Example
The news of his promotion spread widely across the company.
C1 noun ˈfeɪz.aʊt

phase-out

Meaning
A gradual reduction and eventual elimination of something.
Example
A phase-out of fossil fuels was agreed upon.
A2 abbreviation (noun/pronoun) /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

sth.

Meaning
abbreviation for 'something'
Example
Can you give me sth. to write with?
C2 noun /ˈfɜːrnəri/

fernery

Meaning
a place or greenhouse where ferns are cultivated
Example
The garden's fernery was full of exotic plants.
C1 verb /trænˈskraɪb/

transcribe

Meaning
to make a written copy of spoken words or notes
Example
The secretary transcribed the meeting minutes.
C2 adjective /ˌtɛmɪˈrɛəriəs/

temerarious

Meaning
Reckless or rash; showing a lack of caution.
Example
It was a temerarious decision to cross the river during the storm.
B1 noun ɡreɪt wɔːl əv ˈtʃaɪ.nə

Great Wall of China

Meaning
A massive ancient fortification system in China, built to protect against invasions and considered one of the most famous landmarks in the world.
Example
The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world.
B2 noun /joʊlk/

Yolk

Meaning
the yellow internal part of a bird's egg, especially a hen's egg, which is rich in protein and fat
Example
She separated the egg white from the yolk.
B2 adjective /leɪm/

Lame

Meaning
unable to walk normally because of an injury or illness affecting the leg or foot; weak and unconvincing
Example
The injured horse was lame and couldn't walk properly.
B1 noun /ˈprɪnsɪpl/

principle

Meaning
A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior.
Example
Honesty is a key principle of leadership.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːmənˌwɛlθ/

commonwealth

Meaning
an independent community or state, especially one founded for the common good; also an association of nations
Example
Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.