A1 preposition /ʌv/

of

Meaning

expressing the relationship between a part and a whole

Example

The book is on the table, in front of the window.

C1 noun /tiˈɑː.rə/

Tiara

Meaning

a jeweled ornamental crown worn on formal occasions

Example

The princess wore a sparkling diamond tiara at the royal ball.

C1 adjective /ˈrɛtroʊˌɡreɪd/

retrograde

Meaning

moving backward or returning to a worse condition

Example

The policy was seen as a retrograde step for human rights.

A2 noun /stɛps/

steps

Meaning

A measure or action, especially one of a series taken in order to deal with or achieve a particular thing.

Example

Taking small steps reduces overwhelm.

B2 noun /ˈtrɔːmə/

trauma

Meaning

a deeply distressing or disturbing experience; physical injury or emotional shock

Example

The accident left her with lasting emotional trauma.

A1 noun /snoʊ/

Snow

Meaning

white frozen water that falls from clouds as soft flakes

Example

The children played happily in the fresh snow.

C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.mər/ (US), /ˈprɪm.ər/ (UK)

primer

Meaning

A basic introductory book or a substance used to prepare a surface for painting.

Example

He read a primer on programming before starting his course.

B2 adjective /əkˈsɛsəbl/

accessible

Meaning

easy to reach, use, or understand

Example

The museum is easily accessible by public transport.

B1 noun /klɪf/

cliff

Meaning

a high, steep face of rock or earth

Example

The waves crashed against the bottom of the cliff.

C1 adjective /bəˈroʊk/

baroque

Meaning

relating to a highly ornate and extravagant style of art, architecture, or music from the 17th and early 18th centuries; excessively elaborate or complex

Example

The church was decorated in a baroque style with intricate details.

B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈskɔːr/

underscore

Meaning

to emphasize or highlight something

Example

The incident underscored the need for better safety measures.

B1 noun rɪˈdʌk.ʃən

reduction

Meaning

The action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.

Example

Greenhouse gas reduction is a primary global goal.

C1 noun /ˈkærət/

karat

Meaning

A unit for measuring the purity of gold, with 24 karats being pure gold.

Example

The ring was made of 18-karat gold.

B2 adjective /ˈwɜːldli/

worldly

Meaning

Concerned with material values or ordinary life rather than spiritual matters.

Example

He was more interested in worldly success than in spiritual growth.

C2 noun /ˌdɪsəˈvaʊəl/

disavowal

Meaning

the denial of any responsibility, connection, or support

Example

The politician issued a firm disavowal of the controversial remarks.

C2 noun /ˈkæriən/

carrion

Meaning

the decaying flesh of dead animals

Example

Vultures feed on carrion left in the fields.

C1 noun ˈmaɪ.krəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

micronutrients

Meaning

Essential nutrients required by organisms in small quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological functions.

Example

Micronutrients are essential for cellular function.

A1 noun /ˈvɛdʒ.tə.bəl/

vegetable

Meaning

a plant or part of a plant used as food

Example

I eat vegetables every day for health.

B2 noun /ˈɒkjʊpənt/

occupant

Meaning

A person who resides in or is present in a house, vehicle, seat, or place.

Example

The car had three occupants at the time of the accident.

B2 noun /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlær.ə.ti/

Similarity

Meaning

the quality or state of being similar; resemblance

Example

There is a striking similarity between the two paintings.

B2 adverb /ˈsiː.krət.li/

secretly

Meaning

in a way that is hidden or not known by others

Example

She secretly planned a surprise party for her friend.

B2 noun /kəmˈpɑːrt.mənt/

Compartment

Meaning

a separate section or division of a larger space, especially in a train

Example

We found seats in the first-class compartment.

C1 verb /ˈtɪŋkər/

tinker

Meaning

to make small adjustments or repairs to something, often experimentally or imperfectly

Example

He likes to tinker with old radios in his garage.

C1 adjective /kənˈtɛmptʃuəs/

contemptuous

Meaning

showing or expressing contempt; scornful

Example

She gave him a contemptuous glance.

B2 verb /ˈfɜːrnɪʃ/

furnish

Meaning

to provide or supply with furniture or equipment

Example

They furnished the new house with modern furniture.

B2 verb /əˈsɛmbəl/

assemble

Meaning

to gather or bring together in one place

Example

The students assembled in the hall for the meeting.

A1 verb, noun /kraɪ/

cry

Meaning

To shed tears as an expression of emotion such as sadness or pain; also a loud call or shout.

Example

The baby began to cry when she was hungry.

C1 adjective /səbˈvɜːrsɪv/

subversive

Meaning

seeking or intended to undermine or overthrow an established system or authority

Example

The group was banned for its subversive activities.

C2 adjective /ænˈdrɒdʒɪnəs/

androgynous

Meaning

Having both male and female characteristics; not clearly masculine or feminine.

Example

The fashion show featured models with an androgynous look.

C2 adjective /ˌaɪ.kə.nəˈklæs.tɪk/

iconoclastic

Meaning

Characterized by attacking or rejecting cherished beliefs, traditions, or established values.

Example

Her iconoclastic views challenged the conventional wisdom of the industry.

C2 adjective hjʊˈrɪs.tɪk

heuristic

Meaning

Enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves; experimental learning approach.

Example

Teachers use heuristic techniques to encourage self-learning.

B2 adverb /ruːˈtiːnli/

routinely

Meaning

as part of a regular procedure; habitually

Example

The staff routinely checks the equipment for safety.

C2 adjective /əˈfɔːrsed/

Aforesaid

Meaning

mentioned before; previously stated

Example

The aforesaid conditions must be met before approval.

B1 noun /pɔːrk/

pork

Meaning

the flesh of a pig used as food

Example

He doesn't eat pork for religious reasons.

C1 noun /vɪnˈjɛt/

vignette

Meaning

A short, descriptive piece of writing or a brief scene.

Example

The author included a poignant vignette in the introduction of the book.

C1 adjective /ræmˈbʌŋk.ʃəs/

rambunctious

Meaning

boisterous, energetic, and difficult to control.

Example

The rambunctious children filled the house with noise.

C1 verb /piːv/

peeve

Meaning

To annoy or irritate someone.

Example

His constant interruptions really peeve me.

A1 noun /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

beginning

Meaning

The start or first part of something.

Example

The beginning of the story was very interesting.

A1 modal verb/noun /maɪt/

might

Meaning

used to express possibility; power or strength

Example

She might come to the party if she finishes work early.

B2 verb ˈel.ɪ.veɪt

elevate

Meaning

To lift to a higher position; to raise to a more important or impressive level.

Example

Good leadership can elevate team performance.

C1 noun /ˈbreɪkər/

breaker

Meaning

A person or thing that breaks something; a large sea wave that breaks into foam near the shore; a device that interrupts an electric circuit.

Example

The breaker tripped during the storm, cutting off electricity.

A1 pronoun /ðæt/

that

Meaning

used to identify a specific person or thing observed or heard

Example

That is my book on the table.

C1 noun /sɛˈseɪʃən/

cessation

Meaning

The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.

Example

There was a temporary cessation of hostilities.

B1 noun /ˈʃel.tər/

Shelter

Meaning

a place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger

Example

The hikers found shelter in a cave during the heavy rain.

C1 noun /ˌdɛməˈlɪʃən/

demolition

Meaning

the act or process of destroying a building or structure

Example

The demolition of the old factory took several weeks.

C1 noun /əˈliː.dʒəns/

allegiance

Meaning

Loyalty or commitment of a subordinate to a superior or of an individual to a group or cause.

Example

Soldiers take an oath of allegiance to their country.

C2 noun /ˈfɔːrˌnɑːlɪdʒ/

foreknowledge

Meaning

Awareness of something before it happens or exists.

Example

The prophet claimed to have foreknowledge of the event.

C1 noun mɪˈtɪkjʊləsnɪs

meticulousness

Meaning

Great attention to detail; very careful and precise.

Example

His meticulousness made the project successful.

B2 adjective /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənəl/

organizational

Meaning

relating to the structure or arrangement of a company or group

Example

He works on improving the organizational structure of the company.

B1 noun /rɪˈpɔːtɪŋ/

reporting

Meaning

the act of giving news or information about something

Example

Good reporting is essential for public awareness.

B2 adjective /ˈstɑː.ri/

Starry

Meaning

full of stars; shining like stars; relating to stars

Example

We enjoyed the starry night sky while camping in the mountains.

B1 verb /ʃaʊt/

shout

Meaning

to say something very loudly

Example

He shouted at the top of his lungs to get their attention.

C1 noun /pʌn/

pun

Meaning

A humorous use of words that suggests different meanings or words that sound alike.

Example

He made a clever pun about the bakery's bread rising.

C2 verb /dɪsˈpɔːrt/

disport

Meaning

To amuse oneself in a lively or playful way.

Example

The children disported themselves in the garden.

B1 noun /tiːn/

teen

Meaning

a person aged between 13 and 19 years.

Example

He's a teenager who loves sports.

B2 noun /ˈsaɪkloʊn/

cyclone

Meaning

a large-scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure; a violent tropical storm

Example

The cyclone caused severe flooding along the coast.

B2 noun rɪsk ˈfæktər

risk factor

Meaning

Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition

Example

Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health.

C2 adjective /ˌɪnfəˈlɪsɪtəs/

infelicitous

Meaning

not suitable or well chosen; awkward or unfortunate

Example

His infelicitous remark ruined the atmosphere of the meeting.

C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

Meaning

A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.

Example

After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.

C1 verb /ˈpʌməl/

pummel

Meaning

To strike repeatedly with the fists; to beat or hit forcefully.

Example

The boxer pummeled his opponent in the final round.

C1 verb /ˈslɪðər/

slither

Meaning

to move smoothly over a surface with a twisting, sliding motion, like a snake

Example

The snake slithered through the grass.

C2 adjective /kəˈmɛnʃərət/

commensurate

Meaning

corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate

Example

Salary will be commensurate with experience.

C2 adjective /bɪˈnaɪtɪd/

benighted

Meaning

In a state of intellectual or moral ignorance; overtaken by darkness.

Example

The explorers were lost in the benighted forest without any guide.

C2 noun /ˈbʌt.ə.flaɪ piː/

Butterfly Pea

Meaning

a blue flowering plant with butterfly-shaped flowers, used to make herbal tea

Example

Butterfly pea flowers turn tea into a beautiful blue color.

C2 adjective /ˈbɪloʊɪŋ/

billowing

Meaning

Describing something that swells or surges outward in waves or large masses.

Example

She walked through the billowing curtains.

A2 noun /boʊl/

Bowl

Meaning

a round, deep dish or basin used for food or liquid

Example

She served the soup in a large ceramic bowl.

C1 noun ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs.nəs

conscientiousness

Meaning

The quality of wishing to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly; diligence.

Example

Her conscientiousness in work led to a well-organized project.

C1 adjective/verb /ˈleɪ.bərd/

labored

Meaning

done with great effort and difficulty; or past tense of labor

Example

He gave a labored explanation that confused the audience.

B2 adjective strəˈtiː.dʒɪk

strategic

Meaning

Relating to the identification of long-term or overall aims and interests and the means of achieving them.

Example

Strategic policies enhance competitiveness.

B2 verb /əˈmend/

amend

Meaning

to make changes or corrections to improve something; to modify

Example

They amended the contract to include new terms.

C1 verb /dʒɒt/

jot

Meaning

to write something quickly and briefly

Example

She jotted down his phone number on a napkin.

B2 noun fɪkst ˈɪnkʌm

fixed income

Meaning

Investment that provides a return in the form of fixed periodic payments.

Example

Fixed income investments provide reliable returns.

C1 noun /rɪˈliːf treɪn/

Relief Train

Meaning

a train that carries emergency supplies and aid to disaster-affected areas

Example

The relief train arrived with food and medical supplies for the flood victims.

A1 adverb /ˈver.i/

Very

Meaning

to a high degree; extremely; greatly

Example

She is very intelligent and works very hard.

A1 noun /end/

End

Meaning

the final part of something; termination or conclusion

Example

The end of the movie was unexpected and left everyone surprised.

B2 adjective /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/

behavioral

Meaning

relating to the way a person or animal acts

Example

The psychologist studied the child's behavioral patterns.

C1 noun /prəˈpraɪəti/

propriety

Meaning

Conformity to accepted standards of behavior or morality.

Example

He always behaved with the utmost propriety in public.

B1 adjective /ˈsæt.ɪs.fæk.tər.i/

Satisfactory

Meaning

acceptable; meeting requirements; adequate

Example

The test results were satisfactory.

C1 noun /ˌfəʊtəʊˈsɪnθɛtɪk ɪˈfɪʃənsi/

photosynthetic efficiency

Meaning

The measure of how effectively plants convert light energy into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis, directly affecting plant growth and crop yield.

Example

Improving photosynthetic efficiency can increase crop yields.

B2 adjective /ˈstʌb.ərn/

Stubborn

Meaning

refusing to change opinion or course of action; persistent; obstinate

Example

The stubborn child refused to eat his vegetables.

C1 noun /ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən wɔːr/

liberation war

Meaning

a war fought to gain freedom from foreign rule, occupation, or oppression; an armed struggle for national independence

Example

The liberation war reshaped the nation’s history and identity.

B2 adjective /ˈprɛdʒədɪst/

prejudiced

Meaning

having or showing a dislike or bias against a person or group without proper reason

Example

He was prejudiced against people from other regions.

B2 verb /swiːp/

sweep

Meaning

to clean by brushing; to move quickly and smoothly

Example

She sweeps the floor every morning.

B1 noun /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

household

Meaning

All the people living together in one house, considered as a unit.

Example

There are five people in our household.

C2 noun /ˈɔːrɪndʒfɪn ˈleɪbiːoʊ/

Orangefin labeo

Meaning

a freshwater fish species native to South Asian rivers, commonly found in Bangladesh and India

Example

The orangefin labeo is an important food fish in Bangladesh.

B2 verb /ˌmɪsˈjuːz/

misuse

Meaning

To use something incorrectly or for the wrong purpose.

Example

Misusing social media profiles can harm relationships.

C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

Meaning

A person who makes maps.

Example

The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.

A1 noun, numeral /ˈhʌndrəd/

hundred

Meaning

the number 100

Example

There are a hundred students in the hall.

C2 noun /kəˈlɒsəs/

colossus

Meaning

A person or thing of enormous size, importance, or ability.

Example

Einstein was a colossus in the world of science.

C2 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈtɜː.bə.bəl

imperturbable

Meaning

Unable to be upset or excited; not easily disturbed.

Example

His imperturbable nature made him a great leader.

B1 noun /ˈseɪ.vɪŋz/

savings

Meaning

Money that is saved, especially in a bank or official scheme for future use.

Example

Many people invest their savings in real estate.

C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪər/

gyre

Meaning

A circular or spiral motion or form, especially a giant circular oceanic surface current.

Example

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is trapped in a gyre.

B2 noun /ˈbænər/

banner

Meaning

a large printed sign used for advertisements or announcements

Example

The company displayed a banner to advertise their new product.

C2 noun /fɪˈlændərər/

philanderer

Meaning

a man who habitually engages in casual romantic or sexual affairs

Example

The politician was exposed as a notorious philanderer.

C1 verb /ʌnˈroʊl/

unroll

Meaning

to open something that is rolled up; to spread out gradually

Example

She unrolled the map on the table to find the route.

B2 noun /kəˈdɛt/

cadet

Meaning

A young trainee in the armed forces, police, or other organization.

Example

The cadet marched proudly in the parade.

B2 verb /pərˈsɪst/

persist

Meaning

to continue firmly in an action or opinion despite difficulty or opposition

Example

She decided to persist in her efforts to learn French.

C2 noun /ˌdiːlɛkˈteɪʃən/

delectation

Meaning

great pleasure or delight

Example

She read the story aloud for the delectation of her friends.

C1 noun /ɡeɪl/

Gale

Meaning

a very strong wind; a wind of force 7 to 10 on the Beaufort scale

Example

The fishing boats returned to harbor early due to the approaching gale.

A2 noun /ˈtɒpɪk/

topic

Meaning

a subject of conversation, discussion, or writing

Example

The topic of the meeting was company expansion.

A2 verb /səˈdʒɛst/

suggest

Meaning

to put forward an idea, plan, or recommendation for consideration

Example

He suggested going to the new restaurant for dinner.

B2 noun /ˈwɪzərd/

Wizard

Meaning

a man who is supposed to have magical powers; a person who is very skilled in a particular area

Example

The wizard performed amazing magic tricks.

C1 noun /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/

intestine

Meaning

The part of the digestive system where food is digested and absorbed, extending from the stomach to the anus.

Example

The doctor explained how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.

B2 noun /ˈkʊriər/

courier

Meaning

a person or company that delivers messages, packages, or mail

Example

The courier delivered the documents on time.

B2 noun ˌæs.pɪˈreɪ.ʃən

aspiration

Meaning

A hope or ambition of achieving something, a strong desire or goal to achieve something.

Example

His aspiration is to become a successful entrepreneur.

C2 adjective /roʊˈtʌnd/

rotund

Meaning

round or plump in shape; full in sound

Example

The rotund cat struggled to climb the fence.

C2 noun /ˈfænˌtæzəm/

phantasm

Meaning

an illusion, ghost, or figment of the imagination

Example

The child claimed to see a phantasm in the old house.

A2 noun /wɜːrks/

works

Meaning

the physical or mental effort used to achieve something

Example

Her works have been exhibited in museums worldwide.

C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

Meaning

a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder

Example

The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.

B2 noun əˈkɔːrd

accord

Meaning

An official agreement or treaty.

Example

The accord emphasized gradual progress.

B2 noun ক্লাইম্যাটিক কন্ডিশন্স

climatic conditions

Meaning

The atmospheric or weather patterns of a particular region.

Example

Specific climatic conditions are required for snowfall.

C1 verb /ˈwɪtl/

whittle

Meaning

to carve or shape something by cutting off small pieces; to gradually reduce

Example

He spent the afternoon whittling a piece of wood into a toy.

A1 preposition/conjunction /ʌnˈtɪl/

until

Meaning

up to the time of

Example

I will wait until you come back.

C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.ləs/

Merciless

Meaning

showing no mercy or pity; cruel and heartless

Example

The merciless dictator showed no compassion.

C1 noun /ˈsækrɪlɪdʒ/

sacrilege

Meaning

Violation or misuse of what is regarded as sacred.

Example

Stealing from the temple was considered an act of sacrilege.

C2 noun /əˈvɪdəti/

avidity

Meaning

extreme eagerness or enthusiasm

Example

He accepted the offer with avidity.

B1 adverb /ˈfɔːtʃənətli/

fortunately

Meaning

by good luck; luckily

Example

Fortunately, no one was injured in the accident.

C2 noun /ˈpætwɑː/

patois

Meaning

a regional or social dialect, especially one considered nonstandard or informal

Example

The guide slipped into local patois when chatting with the fishermen.

C1 adjective /ˈtɪpsi/

tipsy

Meaning

slightly drunk

Example

She felt tipsy after just one glass of wine.

A2 adjective /maɪld/

mild

Meaning

not severe or strong; gentle in nature

Example

The patient had only mild symptoms.

B1 adjective, verb (past participle of wear) /wɔːrn/

worn

Meaning

damaged, weakened, or deteriorated from use or age

Example

His shoes were old and worn.