Nonentity
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C2 noun /nɑnˈen.tə.ti/

Nonentity

Meaning
a person of no importance or influence; something that does not exist
Example
He felt like a nonentity in the large corporation.
C1 noun /ˈævətɑːr/

avatar

Meaning
an icon or figure representing a person in digital contexts; in Hinduism, a divine incarnation
Example
She changed her social media avatar to a new cartoon image.
C2 adjective /pəˈnjʊəriəs/

penurious

Meaning
extremely poor; poverty-stricken; miserly
Example
The penurious family struggled to buy food.
B1 noun /ˈsæl.ər.i/

Salary

Meaning
a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly basis
Example
She receives a good salary for her work as a teacher.
B2 noun /fəˈnɒmɪnən/

phenomenon

Meaning
an observable event, fact, or occurrence, often unusual or remarkable
Example
The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon.
B2 adjective /ˈhevənli/

Heavenly

Meaning
relating to heaven; extremely pleasant or beautiful
Example
The chocolate cake had a heavenly taste that melted in my mouth.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl/

unattainable

Meaning
impossible to achieve, reach, or accomplish
Example
For many, becoming a professional athlete remains an unattainable dream.
A1 noun /ˈdʒænjuˌɛri/

january

Meaning
the first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
Example
January is often the coldest month of the year.
C2 noun /ˈpɪnəs/

pinnace

Meaning
a small boat, often carried by a larger ship
Example
The sailors used a pinnace to reach the shore.
B2 noun ɡrɪd

grid

Meaning
A network of interconnected lines or a system for distributing electricity over a wide area.
Example
The national power grid must be upgraded.
C2 adjective /sɪˈnæp.tɪk/

synaptic

Meaning
Related to the signal transmission process between nerve cells.
Example
Learning strengthens synaptic connections in the brain.
B2 noun /dʒuː/

jew

Meaning
a person whose religion is Judaism or who is of Jewish descent
Example
He is a Jew by heritage and follows Jewish customs.
B2 adverb /ˌɪndəˈrɛktli/

indirectly

Meaning
in a way that is not direct; through an intermediate means or influence
Example
The policy affected small businesses indirectly.
B2 adjective /ˈneɪvəl/

naval

Meaning
relating to a country's navy or military ships
Example
The country invested heavily in naval defense.
B2 noun /krɪˈeɪtə/

creator

Meaning
a person who brings something into existence
Example
He is the creator of many successful startups.
B2 verb /səbˈmɪt/

submit

Meaning
to present for consideration; to surrender; to yield
Example
Please submit your assignment by Friday.
C2 noun /djuːˈɛnə/

duenna

Meaning
an older woman acting as a governess or chaperone, especially in Spanish families
Example
The young lady was accompanied by a duenna during the festival.
A1 adjective /red/

Red

Meaning
having the color of blood or fire; of the color red
Example
She wore a beautiful red dress to the party.
C2 noun /dɪˈbɔːtʃəri/

debauchery

Meaning
excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures; corruption or vice
Example
The novel depicts the debauchery of the aristocrats in the city.
C1 noun /ˈpen.əns/

Penance

Meaning
punishment that you accept for doing something wrong; an act of showing that you are sorry for sin
Example
The monk performed penance for his past mistakes.
B1 noun /ˈspiːʃiːz/

Species

Meaning
a group of living organisms that can reproduce with each other; a type or kind
Example
The Amazon rainforest is home to thousands of animal species.
C2 adjective /ˈsuːpaɪn/

supine

Meaning
Lying on the back, face upward; failing to act due to laziness or weakness.
Example
He lay supine on the grass, staring at the stars.
C1 noun ˈkɑːr.bən ˌsiː.kwəˈstreɪ.ʃən

carbon sequestration

Meaning
The process of capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate or defer global warming.
Example
Forests play a key role in carbon sequestration.
C1 adjective /əbˈsɛsɪv/

obsessive

Meaning
Relating to or characterized by an obsession; thinking about something too much.
Example
He has an obsessive interest in cleanliness.
B1 adjective /ˈsɛpəreɪtɪd/

separated

Meaning
divided or disconnected from something else; not together
Example
They have been living in separated houses since the divorce.
C2 noun /ˈɑːr.bɪ.trɑːʒ/

arbitrage

Meaning
The simultaneous buying and selling of securities in different markets to take advantage of differing prices.
Example
Investors use arbitrage to make profits in global markets.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
C1 verb /əˈtoʊn/

atone

Meaning
to make amends for a wrong or injury; to make reparation
Example
He tried to atone for his mistakes by helping others.
B1 noun, verb /ˈbʊli/

bully

Meaning
A person who habitually seeks to harm or intimidate those weaker; to intimidate or mistreat someone weaker.
Example
The teacher stopped the older boy from trying to bully his classmates.
C2 noun /vərˈmɪl.jən/

Vermillion

Meaning
a bright red-orange color; a pigment of this color
Example
The artist used vermillion paint for the sunset.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈkwaɪətɪŋ/

disquieting

Meaning
Causing worry, unease, or anxiety.
Example
The news report was deeply disquieting to the public.
A1 noun /ˈpɑːpə/

papa

Meaning
an informal or affectionate term for one’s father
Example
Papa is picking me up from school today.
C1 adjective /ɪˈvæljʊətɪv/

evaluative

Meaning
Relating to or involving evaluation or assessment.
Example
The evaluative phase of the project involves assessing its success.
C2 verb /ˈkænənaɪz/

canonize

Meaning
To officially declare a dead person a saint; to regard as great or significant.
Example
The church canonized the martyr after years of investigation.
B2 noun /vɒlˈkæn.ɪk ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

volcanic eruption

Meaning
The discharge of lava, ash, and gases from a volcano.
Example
The volcanic eruption covered the town in ash.
C1 noun /ˈswɪndlɚ/

swindler

Meaning
a person who cheats or deceives others for money or gain
Example
The police finally caught the notorious swindler.
C1 verb /ˈɛkˌsaɪz/

excise

Meaning
to cut out or remove completely, often by surgery
Example
The surgeon excised the tumor successfully.
C2 verb /fɪˈlɒs.ə.faɪz/

philosophize

Meaning
to think or talk about the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Example
He likes to philosophize about life and its meaning.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈwel.kəm/

Unwelcome

Meaning
not wanted or accepted; not invited or pleasant
Example
The unwelcome news ruined their vacation plans.
B2 adjective /slaɪ/

sly

Meaning
Clever in a deceitful or cunning way.
Example
She gave him a sly smile.
C1 noun ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən

insulation

Meaning
Material used to prevent heat, sound, or electricity from being transmitted from one area to another.
Example
Insulation of food storage areas can prevent pests from entering.
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːrtətɔːri/

hortatory

Meaning
Intended to encourage or urge to action.
Example
The manager’s hortatory words inspired the team to work harder.
C2 noun/adjective /ˈtraɪkʌlər/

tricolor

Meaning
A flag with three colors; consisting of three colors.
Example
The French tricolor is one of the most famous national flags in the world.
C1 noun /ˈnɑv.ɪs/

Novice

Meaning
a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation; a beginner
Example
As a novice driver, she was very careful on the road.
C1 adjective /ˌmer.ɪˈtɔː.ri.əs/

Meritorious

Meaning
deserving reward or praise; commendable; worthy of recognition
Example
His meritorious service to the community was recognized.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsuːsiəns/

insouciance

Meaning
Casual lack of concern; indifference.
Example
She carried herself with an air of insouciance, unbothered by the challenges ahead.
A2 noun /roʊl/

role

Meaning
a part or function of something
Example
Her role in the project was crucial.
B2 adjective /mæɡˈnɪfɪsənt/

magnificent

Meaning
extremely beautiful, impressive, or splendid
Example
The view from the mountain was truly magnificent.
C2 verb /ˈproʊtjuːbəreɪt/

protuberate

Meaning
To swell out or bulge.
Example
The roots began to protuberate from the ground.
C2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈʃʊəd/

unassured

Meaning
Lacking confidence or certainty.
Example
She gave an unassured answer during the interview.
C2 noun /krəˈnɒmɪtər/

chronometer

Meaning
An instrument for measuring time precisely, especially used in navigation.
Example
The sailor relied on the chronometer to determine his position at sea.
C1 noun /ˈtræpɪŋz/

trappings

Meaning
the outward signs, features, or objects associated with a role, event, or status
Example
The king appeared with all the trappings of royalty.
B1 noun /ˈprɪn.tər/

Printer

Meaning
a person whose job is printing books, newspapers, or other materials; a machine that prints documents
Example
The printer delivered the wedding invitations on time.
C1 verb /ˈɒs.ɪ.leɪt/

oscillate

Meaning
To swing or move back and forth between two points or states
Example
The stock market tends to oscillate during uncertain times.
C1 noun /flʌks/

flux

Meaning
continuous change or movement; the rate of flow of something
Example
The company was in a state of constant flux during the reorganization.
B1 noun /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti taɪm/

quality time

Meaning
Time spent giving someone your full attention in order to strengthen your relationship with them.
Example
Spending quality time with family enhances relationships.
C2 noun /mɪˌsɛdʒəˈneɪʃən/

miscegenation

Meaning
the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types
Example
The law once prohibited miscegenation in many countries.
C1 noun /təˈpɒɡrəfi/

topography

Meaning
the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area
Example
The topography of the region made construction very challenging.
A2 noun /brʌʃ/

Brush

Meaning
a tool with bristles used for cleaning, painting, or grooming
Example
I brush my teeth every morning with a soft brush.
C1 noun ˌdjʊə.rəˈbɪl.ə.ti

durability

Meaning
The ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.
Example
The durability of materials affects performance.
C1 noun /ˈɡuːs.bʌmps/

goosebumps

Meaning
small raised bumps on the skin caused by cold, fear, or excitement
Example
The horror movie gave me goosebumps.
C1 noun /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

elevation

Meaning
The act of raising something to a higher position or level.
Example
The hikers reached a high elevation after hours of climbing.
B2 noun /ˈmɜːrsi/

Mercy

Meaning
Compassion or forgiveness shown toward someone whom it is in one's power to punish
Example
The judge showed mercy and gave him a lighter sentence.
A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

Meaning
a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting
Example
She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.
B2 noun /ˌvʌl.nər.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

vulnerability

Meaning
The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.
Example
Addressing vulnerability is crucial for stability.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

indulge

Meaning
to allow oneself to enjoy something enjoyable, often excessively
Example
He indulged in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.
C2 noun /rɪˈfrækʃən/

refraction

Meaning
The bending of light, sound, or other waves when they pass from one medium to another of different density.
Example
The refraction of light in water makes objects appear bent.
B1 noun /ˌdes.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Destination

Meaning
the place to which someone or something is going; the ultimate purpose or end point
Example
Paris was their dream destination for their honeymoon trip.
B2 noun rɪsk ˈfæktər

risk factor

Meaning
Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or condition
Example
Water pollution is a significant risk factor for health.
C2 verb /ɪˈnjʊər/

inure

Meaning
To become accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.
Example
Soldiers quickly became inured to the harsh conditions.
B1 noun /ˈfɪzɪks/

physics

Meaning
the natural science that studies matter, energy, and the interactions between them
Example
She decided to major in physics at the university.
B2 adjective /ˌæksɪˈdɛntl/

accidental

Meaning
happening by chance, unintentionally
Example
The fire was caused by an accidental spark.
C2 adjective /fɪˈdjuːʃəl/

fiducial

Meaning
based on trust or confidence; serving as a standard of reference
Example
The fiducial point on the map ensures accurate measurements.
B1 noun ˈtʊə.nə.mənt

tournament

Meaning
A series of contests between a number of competitors, competing for an overall prize.
Example
The tournament showcased exceptional talent.
C2 noun /boʊl/

boll

Meaning
The rounded seed capsule of plants such as cotton or flax.
Example
The farmer examined the cotton boll to check its quality.
C1 noun /ˈrez.ɪ.dənt ˈkəʊ.ɔː.dɪ.neɪ.tər/

resident coordinator

Meaning
A local administrator or official who coordinates activities in a specific region.
Example
The resident coordinator welcomed all representatives.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ/

unassuming

Meaning
Not pretentious or arrogant; modest.
Example
Despite his success, he remained unassuming and humble.
B1 noun /ˈdeə.ri/

Dairy

Meaning
a building or farm where milk is produced; products made from milk; a shop selling milk and milk products
Example
The local dairy provides fresh milk and cheese to the entire neighborhood.
B2 noun /ˌpɛnɪˈtreɪʃən/

penetration

Meaning
The act of piercing or entering into something.
Example
The company's market penetration grew rapidly.
A2 noun /trɪk/

Trick

Meaning
a cunning act intended to deceive; a skillful action performed for entertainment
Example
The magician performed an amazing card trick that fooled everyone.
A2 noun /ˈʌv.ən/

Oven

Meaning
an enclosed compartment used for heating, baking, or drying food
Example
She baked cookies in the oven for thirty minutes.
C1 noun /ˌævɒ̃ˈɡɑːrd/

avantgarde

Meaning
people or works that are innovative, experimental, and ahead of their time
Example
The avantgarde of the 20th century reshaped modern art.
B2 adjective /ˈfraɪtfəl/

frightful

Meaning
causing fear or horror; very unpleasant
Example
The hikers faced frightful weather conditions on the mountain.
C1 verb /snɪər/

sneer

Meaning
to smile or speak in a mocking or contemptuous way
Example
She sneered at his attempt to sing.
B1 noun /ˈrʌbər/

rubber

Meaning
a tough elastic substance made from the latex of tropical plants or synthetically, used for making tires, boots, and other products.
Example
The tires are made of natural rubber.
C2 noun /ˈlæŋɡər/

languor

Meaning
A state of tiredness, inertia, or dreamy relaxation.
Example
The hot afternoon filled her with languor.
C2 adjective /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli/

gangly

Meaning
Tall, thin, and awkward in movement or appearance.
Example
The gangly teenager stumbled while trying to dance.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːʃən/

Persian

Meaning
a native or inhabitant of Iran; the language spoken in Iran (Farsi)
Example
The Persian language has a rich literary history.
C1 adjective /ˈɪəri/

eerie

Meaning
Strange and frightening in a mysterious way.
Example
The abandoned house had an eerie silence.
C1 adjective ɪˈræt.ɪk

erratic

Meaning
Unpredictable and inconsistent; not even or regular in pattern or movement.
Example
His erratic behavior confused his colleagues.
A2 noun /blʌd/

Blood

Meaning
the red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body
Example
The doctor took a blood sample for testing.
A1 adjective /bluː/

Blue

Meaning
having the color of the clear sky or the sea
Example
The blue ocean stretched endlessly to the horizon.
C2 verb /ˈmæk.jʊˌleɪt/

maculate

Meaning
To stain, spot, or pollute something.
Example
The white cloth was maculated by ink stains.
C1 noun /ˌfæb.rɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

fabrication

Meaning
The invention of false or misleading information; a lie or falsehood.
Example
The article was full of fabrication and misleading claims.
C2 noun /sɒmˈnæmbjʊlɪst/

somnambulist

Meaning
A person who sleepwalks.
Example
The somnambulist wandered out of the house at night.
B2 adjective /ˈpær.ə.lel/

Parallel

Meaning
side by side and having the same distance continuously between them; similar or corresponding
Example
The two roads run parallel to each other for several miles.
A1 noun /kæt/

Cat

Meaning
a small domesticated carnivorous mammal with soft fur, a short snout, and retractile claws
Example
The cat sat on the windowsill watching birds.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈsleɪvəri/

antislavery

Meaning
Opposed to the practice or system of slavery.
Example
The antislavery movement gained momentum in the 19th century.
C2 adjective /ˈpaɪbɔːld/

piebald

Meaning
having irregular patches of two colors, especially black and white
Example
The farmer owns a piebald horse with black and white spots.
C2 adjective /ˌsɪkəˈfæntɪk/

sycophantic

Meaning
Behaving in a way that is excessively obedient or servile to gain favor.
Example
His sycophantic behavior annoyed his colleagues.
C2 adjective /ˈnɒti/

knotty

Meaning
Complicated, difficult to solve or full of knots.
Example
He faced a knotty legal issue.
B2 noun /vɪˈsɪn.ə.ti/

Vicinity

Meaning
the area near or surrounding a particular place; neighborhood
Example
There are many shops in the vicinity of the school.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

impervious

Meaning
Not allowing fluid to pass through; unable to be affected by something.
Example
The jacket is impervious to rain.
B2 verb /ɪnˈʃʊər/

insure

Meaning
to provide insurance; to make certain
Example
I need to insure my new car.
C2 adjective /ˈruːmi/

rheumy

Meaning
Watery, especially referring to the eyes.
Example
His rheumy eyes showed signs of age and fatigue.
B2 noun /ˈpæd.ɪŋ/

padding

Meaning
soft material added for comfort, protection, or to fill space
Example
The chair had extra padding for comfort.
B1 noun /ˌpɒp.jəˈlær.ə.ti/

Popularity

Meaning
the state of being liked, admired, or supported by many people
Example
The singer's popularity has grown rapidly this year.
A1 determiner/pronoun/conjunction/adverb /ˈaɪðər/ or /ˈiːðər/

either

Meaning
Used to indicate a choice between two alternatives.
Example
You can either call me tonight or send me an email.
B1 noun /ˈpɜː.sən.əl ˈdeɪ.tə/

personal data

Meaning
Information that relates to an individual's private, sensitive, or identifiable data
Example
Protecting personal data is crucial in the digital age.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpɛlənt/

repellent

Meaning
Able to drive away something, especially insects or unpleasant things; causing disgust or distaste.
Example
This cream is highly effective as a mosquito repellent.
B1 noun /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/

criticism

Meaning
The expression of disapproval or judgment of the merits of something
Example
The new policy has faced a lot of criticism from the public.
C2 verb /rɔɪl/

roil

Meaning
to make a liquid muddy or disturbed; to cause agitation or disorder
Example
The constant protests roiled the city streets.
B1 noun /ˈsʌb.ɜːb/

Suburb

Meaning
a residential area outside the central part of a city; an outlying district of a city
Example
They moved to a quiet suburb to raise their children away from city noise.
C1 noun /ˈɛksɜːrpt/

excerpt

Meaning
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
Example
The teacher read an excerpt from the novel.
B2 noun /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

manipulation

Meaning
The action of manipulating someone or something in a skillful manner; handling or controlling in a subtle, unfair, or unscrupulous way.
Example
Media manipulation influences public opinion.
A2 verb /ʃʌt/

shut

Meaning
to close something, especially a door or window
Example
Please shut the door before you leave.
B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd

integrated

Meaning
Combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole.
Example
Integrated systems optimize efficiency.
C1 adjective /ˈwɪst.fəl/

Wistful

Meaning
having a feeling of longing or yearning; melancholy
Example
She gave a wistful smile when remembering her childhood days.
B2 verb /rɪˈzuːm/

resume

Meaning
to start again after a pause or interruption
Example
We will resume the meeting after lunch.
C2 noun /ˈɪn.fɪ.del/

Infidel

Meaning
a person who does not believe in religion or whose religious beliefs differ from one's own
Example
In historical contexts, crusaders often referred to their enemies as infidels.
C1 preposition/adverb/conjunction /ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

notwithstanding

Meaning
In spite of; despite
Example
Notwithstanding the challenges, the team completed the project.