A1 adjective /nɛkst/

favourable

Meaning

Expressing approval, support, or positivity; advantageous or beneficial

Example

The weather conditions were favourable for the outdoor event.

A2 adjective /mɪkst/

mixed

Meaning

consisting of different elements or having varied opinions or feelings

Example

The audience had mixed reactions to the film.

C1 verb /rɪˈtreɪs/

retrace

Meaning

to go back over a path or route; to recall and repeat steps taken earlier

Example

She retraced her steps to find her lost keys.

B2 noun /ˈkʊriər/

courier

Meaning

a person or company that delivers messages, packages, or mail

Example

The courier delivered the documents on time.

C2 noun /sɛnˈtjʊəriən/

centurion

Meaning

A commander of a unit of one hundred soldiers in the ancient Roman army.

Example

The centurion led his men into battle with courage.

C2 noun /dɪˈfoʊliənt/

defoliant

Meaning

a chemical that causes leaves to drop from plants, often used in warfare or agriculture

Example

The army sprayed defoliant to clear the forest cover.

C2 adjective /ˈɔːrnəri/

ornery

Meaning

bad-tempered and combative; stubborn

Example

The ornery old man refused to leave his chair.

C2 noun /ænˈtɪstrəfi/

antistrophe

Meaning

A rhetorical device in which a word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive clauses; in Greek choral poetry, the part of the ode sung by the chorus in return movement.

Example

The poet used antistrophe to emphasize the repeated phrase.

C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

Meaning

small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate

Example

The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.

A1 adjective /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ or /ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ/

interesting

Meaning

Arousing curiosity or attention; holding one’s interest.

Example

The documentary about space was very interesting.

C1 verb /ˈflɪk.ər/

flicker

Meaning

to shine unsteadily or waver between light and dark

Example

The candle flickered in the wind.

C1 noun /ˈbærɪstər/

barrister

Meaning

A type of lawyer in certain legal systems who specializes in courtroom advocacy and litigation.

Example

The barrister argued the case passionately before the judge.

A2 adjective /ˈkʌlərfəl/

colorful

Meaning

having bright colors; full of variety or interest

Example

The festival was full of colorful decorations.

C2 noun /ˈswɑːvɪti/

suavity

Meaning

smoothness and charm in manner

Example

His suavity made him popular in social gatherings.

A1 noun /ˈwɪn.doʊ/

Window

Meaning

an opening in a wall fitted with glass to let in light and air

Example

Please open the window for fresh air.

C2 noun /kɪθ/

kith

Meaning

Friends, acquaintances, and relations.

Example

He invited all his kith and kin to the wedding.

C1 adjective /ˈlɔː.ləs/

Lawless

Meaning

without law; anarchic; unruly; criminal

Example

The frontier town was known for its lawless behavior and chaos.

C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

Meaning

Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.

Example

The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.

B2 noun /bækˈtɪəriəm/

bacterium

Meaning

A single microscopic organism belonging to the group of bacteria.

Example

The doctor explained that a single bacterium can multiply rapidly under the right conditions.

B2 adjective /bliːk/

bleak

Meaning

cold, miserable, or without hope

Example

The future seemed bleak after the economic downturn.

C1 adjective /ˈlætərəl/

lateral

Meaning

Relating to the side or sideways movement.

Example

The football player made a quick lateral pass.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈklaɪnd/

inclined

Meaning

having a tendency or disposition toward something

Example

He is inclined to help those in need.

C1 noun /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsns/

convalescence

Meaning

the period of time spent recovering from an illness or medical treatment

Example

His convalescence lasted for almost two months after the accident.

B1 verb /dɪˈfɛnd/

defend

Meaning

To protect someone or something from harm or attack.

Example

The lawyer worked hard to defend her client.

B2 noun /mɑːrz/

Mars

Meaning

The fourth planet from the Sun; the Roman god of war

Example

Scientists are planning a manned mission to Mars in the next decade.

B1 noun /tɜːmz/

terms

Meaning

plural of term; conditions or rules in a contract or agreement

Example

The terms of the agreement are clearly outlined in the contract.

B1 noun /ˈwelˌbiː.ɪŋ/

well-being

Meaning

The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.

Example

Eye lubrication is crucial for overall well-being.

C1 noun /ˌævɒ̃ˈɡɑːrd/

avantgarde

Meaning

people or works that are innovative, experimental, and ahead of their time

Example

The avantgarde of the 20th century reshaped modern art.

C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

Meaning

A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.

Example

The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.

C1 verb /rɪˈvoʊk/

revoke

Meaning

To officially cancel or withdraw a decision, privilege, or right.

Example

The government decided to revoke his passport.

C2 noun /məˈdæliən/

medallion

Meaning

a large medal or decorative piece, often worn as jewelry or used in architecture

Example

She wore a gold medallion around her neck.

B2 verb /dɪˈspaɪz/

despise

Meaning

to regard with contempt; to hate strongly

Example

She despises dishonesty in all its forms.

B2 adverb /ˈtʃiːfli/

chiefly

Meaning

mainly; primarily

Example

The festival is celebrated chiefly by young people.

C2 noun /ˈpɛdənt/

pedant

Meaning

A person who is excessively concerned with minor details or rules, often in a showy way.

Example

The professor was criticized as a pedant who focused too much on trivial details.

B1 noun /ˈdʒen.dər/

Gender

Meaning

either of the two sexes (male and female); the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity

Example

The company promotes gender equality by ensuring equal opportunities for all employees.

B2 noun/adjective /ˈtɜːrmɪnəl/

terminal

Meaning

As a noun: A place where transport routes begin or end. As an adjective: Relating to the end or final stage of something, often an illness.

Example

He waited for the bus at the central terminal.

C2 adjective /ˈoʊ.kən/

oaken

Meaning

made of or resembling oak wood

Example

The villagers gathered around the oaken table in the hall.

C2 noun /ˈɡændər/

Gander

Meaning

male goose

Example

The gander protected his family from the approaching dog.

B2 noun helθ ˈhæzərdz

health hazards

Meaning

Risks or dangers to physical health and well-being that can cause illness or injury.

Example

Plastic usage leads to significant health hazards.

B2 adjective /fræŋk/

Frank

Meaning

honest; open; straightforward; candid

Example

She gave me a frank opinion about my presentation.

C1 noun nɪˈmɒnɪks

mnemonics

Meaning

A technique to aid memory; a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations

Example

Mnemonics help in remembering complex concepts easily.

C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈkaʊntəbl/

unaccountable

Meaning

Not able to be explained or justified.

Example

She felt an unaccountable fear as she entered the dark room.

C1 noun /fiːt/

feat

Meaning

an achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength

Example

Climbing Mount Everest was a remarkable feat.

C1 noun ˌdiːˌrɛɡ.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən

deregulation

Meaning

The removal or reduction of government regulations in an economic sector.

Example

Deregulation has increased competition in the telecommunications sector.

A2 verb /ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ/

changing

Meaning

The act of becoming different; ongoing process of change.

Example

The weather is changing rapidly.

B2 adjective /ˈsɪvɪk/

civic

Meaning

relating to a city, town, or the duties of its citizens

Example

The mayor encouraged people to take part in civic activities.

B2 adjective /ˌɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/

Idiotic

Meaning

extremely stupid; foolish; senseless

Example

His idiotic behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.

C1 verb /ˈprɒfəsaɪ/

prophesy

Meaning

to state or predict that something will happen in the future, especially as if divinely inspired

Example

The monk prophesied that peace would return to the land.

B2 noun /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃən/

moderation

Meaning

The avoidance of excess or extremes; keeping balance or within reasonable limits.

Example

He drinks wine in moderation.

C1 noun ˌdʒɛriˈætrɪk səˈsaɪəti

geriatric society

Meaning

A society or community where elderly people make up a large proportion of the population

Example

A geriatric society demands specialized healthcare systems.

A2 adjective /ɡreɪ/

Grey

Meaning

having a color between black and white

Example

The grey clouds indicated that rain was coming.

C2 noun /ˈtjuːtərʃɪp/

tutorship

Meaning

The office or position of a tutor; guidance or instruction given by a tutor.

Example

He thrived under the tutorship of his mentor.

C1 adjective /əˈdɛpt/

adept

Meaning

Very skilled or proficient at something.

Example

She is adept at solving complex mathematical problems.

B2 adjective /suːˈpɜːrb/

superb

Meaning

extremely good; excellent

Example

The hotel provided superb service during our stay.

B2 adjective /ˈnær.ə.tɪv/

Narrative

Meaning

relating to storytelling; descriptive; telling a story; recounting events

Example

The narrative structure of the novel was quite complex.

A2 adjective ˈæktɪv

active

Meaning

Engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits; characterized by energetic work, participation, etc.

Example

Active participation in education is vital for progress.

C1 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪtɪŋ/

extenuating

Meaning

serving to make a fault or an offense seem less serious

Example

She asked for leniency due to extenuating circumstances.

B2 noun /kəmˈplek.ʃən/

Complexion

Meaning

the natural color, texture, and appearance of a person's skin, especially on the face

Example

Her fair complexion glowed beautifully in the morning sunlight.

B1 noun /twɪn/

twin

Meaning

either of two children born at the same time to the same mother

Example

They have twin girls.

B2 verb /breɪd/

braid

Meaning

to weave together strands of hair or material

Example

She braided her hair before going to school.

C1 noun /pækt/

Pact

Meaning

a formal agreement between individuals or parties; a treaty or contract

Example

The two countries signed a peace pact to end the war.

C2 adjective /ˈrɪz.ə.bəl/

risible

Meaning

so absurd or ridiculous that it deserves to be laughed at

Example

The idea of flying pigs is completely risible.

C1 noun /ˈkɑːrtrɪdʒ/

cartridge

Meaning

A container holding a substance or device, such as ink for printers or bullets for firearms.

Example

The printer stopped working because the ink cartridge was empty.

C2 adjective /paɪd/

pied

Meaning

having two or more different colors, typically in blotches

Example

The pied cat had black and white patches all over its body.

C2 noun məˌnɒp.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

monopolization

Meaning

The process by which a company gains exclusive control over a commercial activity.

Example

The monopolization of industries can limit consumer choices.

B2 noun /ˌhɪp.əˈpɒt.ə.məs/

Hippopotamus

Meaning

a large, mostly herbivorous mammal that lives in and around water in Africa

Example

The hippopotamus spends most of its day in the water.

B2 adjective /ˈɡlɪt.ər.ɪŋ/

Glittering

Meaning

shining with bright light; sparkling; brilliant;

Example

The glittering stars filled the clear night sky.

C1 adjective /ˌnɒn ɪɡˈzɪstənt/

non-existent

Meaning

not real or not present; lacking existence

Example

The supposed evidence turned out to be non-existent.

C1 noun /dʒɪst/

Gist

Meaning

the substance or essence of a speech or text; the main point

Example

I missed the beginning of the lecture, but I caught the gist of the professor's argument.

C2 verb /rɪˈtrɛntʃ/

retrench

Meaning

to reduce costs, spending, or staff to save resources

Example

The company had to retrench employees due to financial difficulties.

B2 noun /prɒkˈsɪmɪti/

proximity

Meaning

Nearness in space, time, or relationship.

Example

The proximity of the school to her house made it convenient.

C2 noun /ˈnaɪsəti/

nicety

Meaning

a fine or subtle detail, or a refined, delicate aspect of something

Example

The lawyer explained the legal niceties of the case.

C2 noun /dʒenˈtɪl.ə.ti/

Gentility

Meaning

social superiority as demonstrated by polite and refined manners; the quality of being well-mannered and refined

Example

Her natural gentility and grace made her popular among high society circles.

B1 adjective /ədˈvɛnʧərəs/

adventurous

Meaning

Willing to take risks or try out new methods, ideas, or experiences.

Example

They participated in adventurous activities like kayaking and hiking.

A2 adjective /ʃaɪ/

Shy

Meaning

nervous or timid in the company of other people

Example

The shy student rarely spoke up in class discussions.

C2 noun /ˈɛdi/

eddy

Meaning

A circular movement of water, air, or smoke, counter to the main current, causing a small whirlpool or turbulence.

Example

The canoe was caught in an eddy near the rocks.

C2 noun /ˈplɔːdɪts/

plaudits

Meaning

expressions of praise or approval

Example

The scientist received plaudits from the international community.

B1 noun /kræft/

craft

Meaning

an activity involving skill in making things by hand; a trade or occupation

Example

She has mastered the craft of pottery.

C2 adjective /mɜːrˈkjʊriəl/

mercurial

Meaning

subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood or mind.

Example

She is known for her mercurial temperament.

C1 adjective /ɪkˈsaɪtəbl̩/

excitable

Meaning

easily excited or emotionally aroused

Example

The child was excitable and laughed at every small thing.

C2 adverb /ˈɪntʃmiːl/

inchmeal

Meaning

Gradually, little by little.

Example

The old castle fell inchmeal into ruin.

B1 noun /məˈdʒɪʃən/

magician

Meaning

A person who performs tricks and illusions for entertainment or one believed to have magical powers.

Example

The magician pulled a rabbit out of his hat.

A1 verb /lɜːrn/

learn

Meaning

to acquire knowledge or skills; to gain understanding

Example

Children learn quickly when they are interested.

B1 noun /kɪk/

Kick

Meaning

a blow or forceful thrust with the foot; a sudden strong feeling of excitement

Example

The soccer player scored a goal with a powerful kick from outside the penalty area.

B2 noun /ˈmaɪnə(r)/

miner

Meaning

a person who works in a mine, extracting minerals or other resources

Example

The miner worked in the coal mine for many years.

C2 noun /əˈpɜːrtənəns/

appurtenance

Meaning

an accessory or supplementary part of something

Example

The garage is an appurtenance of the main house.

C1 adjective /pərˈveɪsɪv/

pervasive

Meaning

Existing in or spreading through every part of something

Example

Pervasive technology has become a fundamental part of daily life.

B2 adverb /ˈθɪkli/

Thickly

Meaning

in a thick manner; densely; heavily

Example

The forest was thickly wooded with tall pine trees.

C1 verb /zæɡ/

zag

Meaning

to make a sharp change in direction, especially in a zigzag pattern

Example

The rabbit zagged quickly to escape the fox.

C1 adjective /tɛkˈtɑː.nɪk/

tectonic

Meaning

Relating to the structure of the earth's crust and the large-scale processes that take place within it.

Example

Tectonic movements cause earthquakes and mountain formation.

C2 noun /ˈɡræfaɪt/

graphite

Meaning

a soft, black form of carbon used in pencils and as a lubricant

Example

The artist sketched the portrait using a graphite pencil.

B1 verb /ˈberi/

bury

Meaning

to put in the ground; to hide; to cover completely

Example

The dog buries its bone in the yard.

C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪkwɪtəs/

iniquitous

Meaning

grossly unfair and morally wrong

Example

Slavery was one of the most iniquitous practices in history.

B1 noun ˈtʊə.nə.mənt

tournament

Meaning

A series of contests between a number of competitors, competing for an overall prize.

Example

The tournament showcased exceptional talent.

C2 adjective /ˌmækɪəˈvɛliən/

machiavellian

Meaning

cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous, especially in politics or in advancing one's career

Example

The politician was known for his Machiavellian tactics.

A1 adverb /əˈɡen/

Again

Meaning

once more; another time; in addition

Example

I need to read this book again to understand it better.

C2 noun /mælˈfiːzəns/

malfeasance

Meaning

Wrongdoing or misconduct, especially by a public official.

Example

The mayor was accused of malfeasance in office.

C2 noun /ˈsiːkənt/

secant

Meaning

A straight line that intersects a curve at two or more points.

Example

In geometry, a secant cuts the circle at two distinct points.

C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

indivertible

Meaning

Not able to be turned aside or diverted.

Example

The judge's indivertible attention was on the case.

C2 noun /əˈdɛndəm/

addendum

Meaning

an additional item or piece of information added at the end of a document or book

Example

The report included an addendum with updated statistics.

C1 verb /ˈmɒd.jʊ.leɪt/

modulate

Meaning

To change the strength, tone, or pitch of something; to adjust or regulate.

Example

A good speaker knows how to modulate their voice.

B2 verb /kəmˈpoʊz/

compose

Meaning

to create music or writing; to make up; to calm oneself

Example

She composes beautiful songs.

B1 noun /ˌkrɪstiˈænɪti/

christianity

Meaning

the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ

Example

Christianity has millions of followers around the world.

B2 adjective /ˈɪmpæktfʊl/

impactful

Meaning

Having a major impact or effect; powerful and forceful.

Example

Her impactful speech moved the audience to take action.

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpælpəbəl/

impalpable

Meaning

unable to be felt by touch; difficult to grasp or understand

Example

There was an impalpable sense of fear in the room.

C2 noun /kəˈpriːs/

caprice

Meaning

a sudden, unpredictable change of mood or behavior

Example

She bought the expensive dress on a caprice.

C1 verb /ˌsuːpərɪmˈpoʊz/

superimpose

Meaning

to place one thing on top of another so that both can be seen

Example

The editor superimposed text over the image.

C1 noun ˌpraɪɔːrɪtaɪˈzeɪʃən

prioritization

Meaning

The action or process of deciding the relative importance or urgency of things.

Example

Effective prioritization ensures resources are used efficiently.

C1 verb /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/

arbitrate

Meaning

to settle a dispute between two parties by acting as an impartial judge

Example

The committee agreed to arbitrate the contract dispute.

C1 noun səbˈsɪs.təns

subsistence

Meaning

The action or fact of maintaining or supporting oneself at a minimum level.

Example

Many farmers depend on subsistence agriculture.

B1 adjective /ˈtʃaɪl.dɪʃ/

Childish

Meaning

immature and silly; behaving in a way that is typical of a child but inappropriate for an adult

Example

His childish behavior during the meeting was quite embarrassing.

B2 noun, adjective /hjuːˌmænɪˈtɛəriən/

humanitarian

Meaning

A person who seeks to promote human welfare, or something relating to human welfare and compassion.

Example

The organization provides humanitarian aid to disaster victims.

A2 noun /suːt/

suit

Meaning

a set of clothes made of the same fabric, usually consisting of trousers and a jacket

Example

He wore a black suit to the wedding.

C2 noun /ˈpriːskrɪpt/

prescript

Meaning

An authoritative rule or direction; something laid down as a command.

Example

The prescript of the organization required strict punctuality.

C2 noun /ˌɒpəˈrɛtə/

operetta

Meaning

a short opera with light and humorous themes

Example

The theater staged a famous operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan.

C2 noun /daɪˈvɛstɪtʃər/

divestiture

Meaning

the action of selling off or disposing of business interests or assets

Example

The divestiture of the subsidiary was completed last year.

A2 adjective ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl

physical

Meaning

Relating to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete.

Example

Physical components form the system's base.

C2 noun /ˈæbɪs/

abbess

Meaning

the woman in charge of a convent of nuns

Example

The abbess welcomed the visitors to the convent.

C1 noun /bəˈnɛv.ə.ləns/

benevolence

Meaning

The quality of being well meaning and kindly; the disposition to do good.

Example

His benevolence towards the poor earned him respect.

C1 noun /stɑːr fruːts/

Star Fruits

Meaning

yellow tropical fruits that form a star shape when sliced crosswise; tangy and crisp taste

Example

When you slice star fruits, they look like beautiful yellow stars on your plate.