mead
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C2 noun /miːd/

mead

Meaning
An alcoholic drink made from fermented honey and water.
Example
The Vikings were known to drink large amounts of mead during feasts.
C1 noun /ˈskælpəl/

scalpel

Meaning
A small and extremely sharp bladed instrument used for surgery and dissection.
Example
The surgeon carefully used a scalpel to make the first incision.
B2 noun smɔːl ˈɛfərt

Small Effort

Meaning
Minor actions or initiatives that can collectively make a significant impact.
Example
Small efforts can bring big changes in butterfly conservation.
C1 verb /ˈæn.ɛks/

annex

Meaning
To take control of a territory and add it to one's own.
Example
The empire annexed the neighboring kingdom after the war.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/

Inefficient

Meaning
not achieving maximum productivity; wasteful of time or resources
Example
The old computer system was inefficient and wasted a lot of time.
C1 noun /ˌnɑm.əˈni/

Nominee

Meaning
a person who is nominated for an office, award, or honor
Example
She was the nominee for the Best Actress award.
C2 noun /ˌvælədɪkˈtɔːriən/

valedictorian

Meaning
The student with the highest academic achievements in a graduating class, often chosen to give the farewell speech.
Example
She was honored as the valedictorian of her class.
A2 noun /fɒks/

Fox

Meaning
a wild animal related to dogs, with a pointed face and thick fur
Example
The red fox is known for its cunning nature.
C1 adjective /praɪˈmiːvəl/

primeval

Meaning
Relating to the earliest ages in history; ancient and primitive.
Example
The explorers ventured into the primeval forest untouched by humans.
C2 noun /naɪt kwiːn/

Night queen

Meaning
a fragrant white flower that blooms at night and releases strong sweet scent
Example
The night queen flowers filled the garden with their sweet fragrance.
B2 noun /məˈlɛəriə/

malaria

Meaning
a serious infectious disease spread by mosquitoes, causing fever, chills, and sweating
Example
Malaria is a common disease in tropical regions.
C2 noun /ˈlɪbərˌtiːn/

libertine

Meaning
A person who behaves without moral principles, especially in sexual matters.
Example
The novel depicted the reckless life of a libertine in 18th century France.
C1 preposition /ˈbɑːrɪŋ/

barring

Meaning
except for; if not for
Example
Barring a miracle, the team will not win the championship.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ænd kəˈlæbərətɪv əˈproʊtʃ

sustainable and collaborative approach

Meaning
A method of working together that can be maintained over time without depleting resources or causing harm.
Example
A sustainable and collaborative approach is crucial for solving environmental problems.
C1 verb /skɔːrtʃ/

scorch

Meaning
to burn the surface of something slightly
Example
The fire scorched the walls of the building.
C1 noun /ˈpriːˌæmbəl/

preamble

Meaning
a preliminary statement, especially the introduction to a formal document
Example
The preamble of the constitution outlines its guiding principles.
B1 adverb /ˈrɒŋli/

wrongly

Meaning
in an incorrect or mistaken way; unfairly or unjustly
Example
He was wrongly accused of the crime.
C2 noun /ˈdoʊneɪtər/

donator

Meaning
A person who gives something, especially money or goods, as a donation.
Example
The donator wished to remain anonymous after contributing a large sum.
C2 adjective /sɛnˈtɛnʃəs/

sententious

Meaning
Given to moralizing in a pompous or affected manner.
Example
His sententious remarks annoyed the audience.
C2 verb /ˈbæstərdaɪz/

bastardize

Meaning
to corrupt or debase something by altering it from its original form; to change in a way that reduces quality or purity
Example
Critics argue that the remake bastardized the original novel.
B1 noun prəˈpoʊzəl

proposal

Meaning
A plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration or discussion by others.
Example
The proposal was not sustained.
C1 noun /pləˈsiːboʊ/

placebo

Meaning
a substance with no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs
Example
The patient was given a placebo to compare the effect of the real drug.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪrəl/

virile

Meaning
having traditionally masculine qualities, such as strength, energy, and sexual vigor
Example
The actor was admired for his virile appearance.
B2 noun /ˈrest.ləs.nəs/

Restlessness

Meaning
the inability to rest or relax as a result of anxiety or boredom
Example
His restlessness during the long meeting was obvious to everyone.
C1 adjective /prəˈsiːdʒərəl/

procedural

Meaning
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
Example
The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.
C2 noun /pɪks/

pyx

Meaning
a small container, often used in Christian liturgy to carry the consecrated host
Example
The priest placed the consecrated host into the pyx before visiting the sick.
B2 verb /dɪˈsiːv/

deceive

Meaning
To cause someone to believe something that is not true.
Example
He tried to deceive his friends with a fake story.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɛktrɪfaɪ/

electrify

Meaning
to charge with electricity; to excite or thrill intensely
Example
The speaker's speech electrified the audience.
C2 noun /ˈsɒfɪst/

sophist

Meaning
a person who uses clever but misleading arguments
Example
He was dismissed as a sophist who twisted facts to win debates.
A2 noun /ækˈtɪv.ə.ti/

Activity

Meaning
something that you do for interest or pleasure, or in order to achieve a particular aim
Example
Physical activity is important for good health.
A1 verb /baɪ/

buy

Meaning
to get something by paying money for it; to purchase
Example
I want to buy a new car this year.
C2 adjective /ˈroʊziət/

roseate

Meaning
Having a pink color; optimistic or idealistic.
Example
She looked at the future with roseate optimism.
C2 adjective /ˈpɔːrtli/

portly

Meaning
Having a stout or somewhat fat body, often implying dignity or authority.
Example
The portly man entered the room with confidence.
B1 noun /weɪl/

Whale

Meaning
a very large marine mammal with a streamlined hairless body, a horizontal tail fin, and a blowhole on top of the head for breathing
Example
The blue whale is the largest animal ever known to have lived on Earth.
B1 noun /ˈmɛtəl/

metal

Meaning
A solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and conductive, such as iron, gold, or aluminum.
Example
The ring was made of precious metal.
B2 adjective /ˈdæz.lɪŋ/

Dazzling

Meaning
extremely bright and impressive; brilliant and stunning
Example
The dazzling lights of the city amazed the tourists.
C1 adjective ˈser.ɪ.brəl

cerebral

Meaning
Of the cerebrum of the brain.
Example
Cerebral functions regulate thoughts.
C2 adjective, noun /səbˈmɜːrsəbl/

submersible

Meaning
capable of being submerged; a small underwater craft
Example
The scientists explored the deep ocean using a submersible.
B2 verb /rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

rejoice

Meaning
to feel or show great joy; to celebrate
Example
The family rejoices at the good news.
B1 noun /ˈkæmpəs/

campus

Meaning
The grounds and buildings of a university, college, or school.
Example
The university campus is filled with students during the fall semester.
B1 noun /ˈpoʊni/

Pony

Meaning
a small horse, typically under 14.2 hands high
Example
The children enjoyed riding the gentle pony at the farm.
B2 adjective /steɪl/

Stale

Meaning
no longer fresh; lacking originality or novelty
Example
The bread became stale after sitting out for three days.
C1 noun /ˈviːəməns/

Vehemence

Meaning
great forcefulness or intensity of feeling or expression; passionate conviction
Example
He argued with such vehemence that everyone was surprised.
B1 verb /əˈlɑːrm/

alarm

Meaning
to warn of danger; to frighten or disturb
Example
The loud noise alarmed the residents.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪz/

marginalize

Meaning
To treat a person or group as unimportant or insignificant.
Example
The policy marginalized minority communities.
B2 adverb /ˈkrɪtɪkli/

critically

Meaning
in a way that expresses disapproval or a very serious, important way
Example
He was critically injured in the accident.
A2 noun /ˈoʊ.nər/

Owner

Meaning
a person who owns something; someone who has legal possession of property
Example
The owner of the restaurant greeted us warmly.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪfəld/

stifled

Meaning
to suppress, hold back, or prevent something from happening
Example
He stifled a laugh during the serious meeting.
C2 adjective /ləˈkɒnɪk/

laconic

Meaning
using very few words; concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious
Example
His laconic reply ended the conversation quickly.
C2 noun /ˈtʃænsəri/

chancery

Meaning
A court of equity or the office of a chancellor.
Example
The case was taken to the chancery court for resolution.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
C1 adjective bəˈnev.əl.ənt

benevolent

Meaning
Kind, generous, showing goodwill and kindness.
Example
His benevolent nature made him beloved.
B2 noun /ˈlaɪ.ə.nəs/

Lioness

Meaning
an adult female lion
Example
The fierce lioness protected her cubs from danger.
B2 noun /sɪlk/

silk

Meaning
a fine, smooth fabric made from the threads produced by silkworms
Example
The dress was made of pure silk.
B2 adjective /ˈæfluənt/

affluent

Meaning
having a great deal of money; wealthy
Example
She grew up in an affluent neighborhood.
C1 noun /ˈen.mə.ti/

Enmity

Meaning
a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
Example
The enmity between the two families lasted for generations.
C2 noun /ɪnˈfrækʃən/

infraction

Meaning
A violation or breach of a rule, law, or agreement.
Example
The student was punished for a minor infraction of the school rules.
A2 noun ˈɑːrɡjumənt

argument

Meaning
A reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong.
Example
His argument was based on majority.
B2 noun /dɪsˈmɪsl̩/

dismissal

Meaning
the act of removing someone from their job; the act of treating something as unimportant
Example
His unfair dismissal led to a lawsuit against the company.
C2 noun /ˌlæs.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

laceration

Meaning
a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh
Example
He needed stitches for a laceration on his leg.
C2 adjective /ˌpjuːsɪˈlænɪməs/

pusillanimous

Meaning
showing a lack of courage or determination; timid
Example
The pusillanimous leader avoided making tough decisions.
C1 noun ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˈkɔːrɪdɔːrz

wildlife corridors

Meaning
Areas of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures.
Example
Wildlife corridors connect fragmented habitats, enabling species migration.
C1 noun ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

mitigation

Meaning
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Example
Mitigation of climate change requires collective effort.
A2 adjective /wiːk/

Weak

Meaning
lacking physical strength; not strong; fragile
Example
After the illness, he felt weak and tired.
C1 verb /trænsˈɡrɛs/

transgress

Meaning
to go beyond the limits of a moral law, command, or boundary; to sin
Example
He apologized after realizing he had transgressed the community's rules.
A2 adjective /ˈkjʊriəs/

curious

Meaning
Eager to know or learn something.
Example
The curious explorers asked questions about Antarctica.
B2 noun /ˈfluː.ən.si/

fluency

Meaning
The ability to speak or write a language smoothly and effortlessly.
Example
She speaks English with remarkable fluency.
B2 noun /ˈseɪf.ɡɑːrd/

Safeguard

Meaning
measure or action designed to protect someone or something
Example
New safeguards were implemented to prevent data breaches.
B1 noun /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/

lighting

Meaning
the arrangement or use of light in a place; the act of providing light
Example
The lighting in the restaurant created a warm and cozy atmosphere.
B2 adjective /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

Distinct

Meaning
separate and different; clear and recognizable; unique
Example
Each painting has its own distinct style and character.
B2 noun ˈlɪt.ər.ə.si ˌreɪts

literacy rates

Meaning
The percentage of people in a population who can read and write; measures of educational levels in a population.
Example
Literacy rates impact socioeconomic conditions.
B2 noun /ˈfaɪ.bər/

fibre

Meaning
A thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed; dietary material that aids digestion.
Example
Eating foods rich in fibre can improve your digestion.
C1 verb /riːˈpeɪ.tri.eɪt/

repatriate

Meaning
To return someone to their own country, often after war or imprisonment.
Example
The government worked to repatriate the refugees safely.
C2 noun /ɪˌluːmɪˈnɑːti/

illuminati

Meaning
a group of people claiming to have special enlightenment or secret knowledge, often linked to conspiracies
Example
Many conspiracy theories involve the Illuminati as a secret world-controlling group.
A2 adjective, noun /ˈkloʊsər/

closer

Meaning
more near in distance or relationship; someone or something that concludes an activity
Example
She moved closer to the window.
C1 verb /rɪˈdrɛs/

redress

Meaning
to set right, remedy, or compensate for a wrong or grievance
Example
The company promised to redress the complaints of its customers.
C2 noun /kroʊn/

crone

Meaning
An old woman, often one who is thin and ugly, sometimes associated with witch-like qualities.
Example
The children were scared by the story of the wicked crone in the forest.
B1 noun /ɪkˈsten.ʃən/

Extension

Meaning
the action of extending something; additional time or space
Example
The professor granted an extension for the assignment deadline.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɛdʒʊləs/

credulous

Meaning
Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.
Example
The credulous child believed every story she heard.
A1 pronoun /ʃi/

she

Meaning
a female person or animal previously mentioned or easily identified
Example
She is going to the market to buy vegetables.
C2 adjective /ˈpɛndjʊləs/

pendulous

Meaning
hanging down loosely; drooping
Example
The pendulous fruit weighed down the branch.
B2 noun /ˈɡæl.ək.siːz/

galaxies

Meaning
Large collections of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
Example
Distant galaxies hold clues about the early universe.
C1 noun ˈledʒ.ɪ.slə.tʃər

legislature

Meaning
The legislative body of a country or state; the branch of government that makes laws.
Example
The legislature drafts laws for governance.
A2 noun /θɔːt/

thought

Meaning
an idea or opinion produced by thinking or considering something
Example
She had a sudden thought about the future.
B2 noun /ˈvæmpaɪər/

vampire

Meaning
a mythical creature that sucks blood from the living; metaphorically, a person who exploits others
Example
In folklore, a vampire rises at night to drink human blood.
A2 verb /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue

Meaning
To keep happening, existing, or doing something without stopping.
Example
The rain will continue throughout the night.
B2 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ/

overwhelming

Meaning
Very intense; overpowering.
Example
Large tasks can feel overwhelming.
B2 noun/verb /hɜːrd/

herd

Meaning
a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together; or to gather animals into a group.
Example
The shepherd herded the sheep into the pen.
B2 noun /ˌstɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

stimulation

Meaning
The action of arousing interest, enthusiasm, or excitement.
Example
Stimulation reduces stress and aids relaxation.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

Meaning
to provoke; to stir up
Example
His speech incited the crowd to violence.
B1 adjective /rɪˈtaɪərd/

Retired

Meaning
having left one's job and ceased to work; withdrawn from activity
Example
My retired grandfather enjoys gardening in his free time.
C2 adjective /rɪˈfræktəri/

refractory

Meaning
Stubborn or resistant to control, authority, or treatment.
Example
The refractory child refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
C1 verb /ˈhɪpnətaɪz/

hypnotize

Meaning
to put someone into a state of hypnosis; to influence someone's mind deeply
Example
The magician tried to hypnotize the audience.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər hen/

Water hen

Meaning
a waterbird with dark plumage that lives near ponds and wetlands
Example
The water hen swam gracefully across the pond.
C1 adjective kəˈlɒs.əl

Colossal

Meaning
Extremely large, gigantic, enormous in size or extent.
Example
The colossal pyramids of Egypt are a marvel of architecture.
C1 noun /kæʃ/

cache

Meaning
A hidden storage of items or a high-speed memory in computing.
Example
The hikers found a cache of supplies hidden under the rocks.
B1 noun rɪˈsɜː.tʃəz

researchers

Meaning
People who study and investigate to discover new information or facts.
Example
Researchers are working on innovative solutions.
C1 noun, adverb /ˈeɪliəs/

alias

Meaning
A false or assumed identity; also used to mean 'otherwise called'.
Example
The criminal was known by the alias 'Shadow'.
C1 noun ˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

valuation

Meaning
An estimation of the worth of something.
Example
The valuation of the property was much higher than expected.
B2 noun /ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm/

national anthem

Meaning
an official patriotic song of a country, performed at national events and ceremonies
Example
The national anthem was played before the international match.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnjʊərd/

inured

Meaning
Accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.
Example
After years of hardship, she was inured to suffering.
C1 verb /dɪˈpoʊz/

depose

Meaning
to remove someone from office or power, especially suddenly and forcefully
Example
The rebels managed to depose the dictator after years of unrest.
C1 noun /hɪˈstɪəriə/

hysteria

Meaning
An uncontrollable outburst of emotion or fear, often characterized by irrational behavior.
Example
The crowd was in a state of hysteria during the concert.
C1 verb /aʊst/

oust

Meaning
To remove someone from a position or place of power or authority.
Example
The rebels ousted the dictator from power.
C2 noun /ˌɛn.biː.esˈpiː/

nbsp

Meaning
a non-breaking space character in HTML used to prevent an automatic line break at its position
Example
Use   in HTML to add a space that won't break into a new line.
C1 verb /trænˈskraɪb/

transcribe

Meaning
to make a written copy of spoken words or notes
Example
The secretary transcribed the meeting minutes.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɪziəm/

elysium

Meaning
A place or state of perfect happiness; in Greek mythology, the afterlife paradise.
Example
For her, the garden was a personal elysium.
C1 noun /ˈmæn.juˌskrɪpt/

manuscript

Meaning
a handwritten or typed document, especially a writer’s draft before publication
Example
The author submitted her manuscript to the publisher.
B2 verb /ˈræm.bəl/

ramble

Meaning
to talk or write at length in a confused or inconsequential way; to walk for pleasure without a fixed route.
Example
He rambled on about his childhood for hours.
A2 adjective /ˈɔː.dɪ.nər.i/

Ordinary

Meaning
normal; usual; not special
Example
It was just an ordinary day at the office.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkæst/

recast

Meaning
To present or change something in a different form or style.
Example
The director decided to recast the role with a younger actor.
B1 noun /kɑːrt/

Cart

Meaning
a wheeled vehicle for carrying goods; a shopping cart
Example
The farmer loaded hay onto his cart.
C2 adjective /vaɪˈtjuːpərəbl̩/

vituperable

Meaning
Deserving of blame, censure, or harsh criticism.
Example
His reckless actions made him vituperable in the eyes of his colleagues.
B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

Meaning
A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.
Example
Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.
B1 noun /ˈnætʃərəl dɪˈzæstər/

natural disaster

Meaning
a catastrophic event caused by natural processes of the Earth that results in significant damage, destruction, or loss of life
Example
The coastal town was devastated by a natural disaster.
B1 noun ˈdʒʌstɪs

justice

Meaning
Just behavior or treatment; the quality of being fair and reasonable.
Example
Justice is sought by the oppressed characters in the story.
C1 noun /ræˈpɔːr/

rapport

Meaning
A close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned understand each other's feelings or ideas.
Example
The teacher built a strong rapport with her students.
C2 noun /nɪb/

nib

Meaning
the pointed end of a pen used for writing or drawing
Example
He dipped the nib into the ink before writing.
C1 verb /kɜːrˈteɪl/

curtail

Meaning
to reduce or limit something, especially something considered undesirable
Example
The company had to curtail its spending due to budget cuts.
B1 noun /ˈprɪn.tər/

Printer

Meaning
a person whose job is printing books, newspapers, or other materials; a machine that prints documents
Example
The printer delivered the wedding invitations on time.
B1 adverb /ˈɔːfəli/

awfully

Meaning
in a very great degree; extremely; in a way that is very bad or unpleasant
Example
I am awfully glad to see you again.