lubrication
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Spanish FR French DE German RU Russian ZH Chinese JA Japanese
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C1 noun /ˌluː.brɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

lubrication

Meaning
The action of applying a substance to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact.
Example
Lubrication of the eyes is essential for well-being.
B2 noun /ɪnˈvɒlvmənt/

involvement

Meaning
the act of taking part in something
Example
His involvement in the project was crucial.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈhoʊli/

Unholy

Meaning
wicked; sinful; profane
Example
The unholy alliance between the two companies caused public outrage.
C2 adjective /ˈæʒər/

azure

Meaning
A bright blue color like that of a clear sky.
Example
The clear sky was painted in a deep shade of azure.
C1 noun kəˈmjuːnɪti ˈsɜːrvɪs aɪˈdiːəlz

community service ideals

Meaning
Principles and standards of serving the community for social good.
Example
Community service ideals must be taught in schools.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnsɔːrt/

consort

Meaning
To associate with someone, typically with disapproval; also, a spouse of a reigning monarch.
Example
He was criticized for consorting with criminals.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

Meaning
a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place
Example
The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.
B1 noun /ˌkrɪstiˈænɪti/

christianity

Meaning
the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ
Example
Christianity has millions of followers around the world.
C2 verb /dɪˈkleɪm/

declaim

Meaning
to speak aloud in a formal, passionate, or theatrical way
Example
The actor declaimed his lines with great intensity.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmɒrəl/

immoral

Meaning
Not conforming to accepted standards of morality; unethical or wicked.
Example
He was fired for his immoral behavior.
C2 adjective /ˈpɛktərəl/

pectoral

Meaning
Relating to the chest or breast.
Example
The athlete focused on strengthening his pectoral muscles.
C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

Meaning
the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other
Example
The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.
B2 noun /ˈhɑːrvɪst/

harvest

Meaning
the process or period of gathering crops
Example
Farmers are busy during the rice harvest season.
B1 verb /dɪˈfɛnd/

defend

Meaning
To protect someone or something from harm or attack.
Example
The lawyer worked hard to defend her client.
C1 adjective /ləˈbɔːr.i.əs/

laborious

Meaning
requiring considerable effort and time; difficult and hard-working
Example
Writing the long report was a laborious task.
B2 noun /rɪˈvaɪ.vəl/

Revival

Meaning
an improvement in the condition or strength of something; renewed interest in or attention to something
Example
There has been a revival of interest in traditional crafts.
C1 noun /ʃoʊl/

shoal

Meaning
a large group of fish swimming together; a shallow place in water
Example
We saw a shoal of fish near the coast.
C2 adjective /bɪˈnaɪtɪd/

benighted

Meaning
In a state of intellectual or moral ignorance; overtaken by darkness.
Example
The explorers were lost in the benighted forest without any guide.
C1 noun /ˌdʒuː.bɪˈleɪ.ʃən/

jubilation

Meaning
a feeling or expression of great happiness and triumph
Example
There was jubilation in the streets after the victory.
B2 noun /əˈpɒstrəfi/

apostrophe

Meaning
A punctuation mark (') used to indicate possession or the omission of letters or numbers.
Example
You need an apostrophe in the word 'children’s'.
C1 verb /kənˈfaʊnd/

confound

Meaning
to confuse or surprise someone, often by acting against their expectations
Example
The magician's trick seemed to confound the entire audience.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈseɪvəri/

unsavory

Meaning
Disagreeable, unpleasant, or morally offensive.
Example
The politician was linked to an unsavory scandal.
C2 noun /prɪˈzɛntmənt/

presentment

Meaning
The act of presenting something formally or officially; a formal statement or document.
Example
The lawyer made a presentment of the evidence to the court.
C1 noun ˈkætəlɪst

catalyst

Meaning
A person or thing that precipitates an event or change.
Example
His speech acted as a catalyst for change in the community.
A2 adjective kɑːm

calm

Meaning
Not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other strong emotions; peaceful.
Example
The calm environment supports healing.
C1 verb ˈɔː.kɪ.streɪ.tɪd

orchestrated

Meaning
Planned or coordinated carefully and deliberately.
Example
The attacks were orchestrated with precision.
C2 verb /flɪt/

flit

Meaning
to move quickly and lightly from one place to another
Example
Butterflies flitted from flower to flower.
C1 noun /ˈmjʊr.əl/

Mural

Meaning
a painting or artwork applied directly on a wall or ceiling
Example
The artist painted a beautiful mural on the school wall.
B1 noun /ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪst/

journalist

Meaning
a person who writes news articles or reports for newspapers, magazines, or media
Example
The journalist covered the political event.
B1 adjective /dɪˈmændɪŋ/

demanding

Meaning
requiring much effort, skill, or attention; difficult to satisfy
Example
The job is very demanding and requires long hours of work.
C2 noun /ˈbæn.jən/

Banian

Meaning
a sleeveless undergarment worn next to the skin; vest
Example
He put on a cotton banian under his shirt.
A2 adjective /ˈsuːpər/

super

Meaning
excellent; very good
Example
She did a super job on the project.
C1 adjective /əˈnɒmələs/

anomalous

Meaning
deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
Example
Scientists observed an anomalous result during the experiment.
B1 verb /ter/

tear

Meaning
to pull apart or damage by force; to rip
Example
Be careful not to tear the paper.
B2 adjective /mɪˈsteɪkən/

mistaken

Meaning
wrong or incorrect because of an error in judgment or understanding
Example
I was mistaken about the meeting time.
B2 adjective /ˈsændi/

Sandy

Meaning
covered with sand; containing sand; having the texture of sand
Example
The sandy beach stretched for miles along the coast.
C1 noun dʒuːˈdɪʃ.ər.i

judiciary

Meaning
The judicial authorities of a country; the system of courts that interprets and applies the law.
Example
The judiciary ensures the rule of law.
B2 noun /ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪvjər/

misbehavior

Meaning
bad or improper behavior
Example
The teacher punished the student for his misbehavior.
A2 adjective /ʌnˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/

Uncomfortable

Meaning
causing or feeling slight pain or physical discomfort; making someone feel embarrassed, awkward, or anxious
Example
The chair was so uncomfortable that I couldn't sit in it for more than ten minutes.
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
A2 noun /ˈloʊ.kəl/

Local

Meaning
belonging or relating to a particular area or neighborhood; a person living in a particular area
Example
The local people are very friendly.
C2 noun /ˌæd.ʌmˈbreɪ.ʃən/

adumbration

Meaning
a vague foreshadowing or symbolic representation of something
Example
The play offers an adumbration of the political unrest to come.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfjuːsɪv/

effusive

Meaning
Expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.
Example
She gave him an effusive welcome after his long journey.
B1 verb kleɪmz

claims

Meaning
To take someone's life, to cause death
Example
Workplace pollution claims thousands of lives annually.
C2 adjective /ˌpɑːrsɪˈmoʊniəs/

parsimonious

Meaning
unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy
Example
The company was too parsimonious to invest in better equipment.
C1 noun /əbˈzɜːrvətɔːri/

observatory

Meaning
A building equipped for observing astronomical or meteorological events.
Example
The observatory is open to the public on weekends.
B2 adjective /ˈneɪ.kɪd/

Naked

Meaning
without clothes or covering; bare; exposed; unclothed
Example
The naked truth about the situation shocked everyone.
C2 noun /ˌɒstɛnˈteɪʃən/

ostentation

Meaning
excessive display of wealth or knowledge intended to attract admiration or envy
Example
The billionaire’s party was full of ostentation and luxury.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
C2 adjective /sɛnˈtrɪpɪtəl/

centripetal

Meaning
Moving or directed toward a center.
Example
Centripetal force keeps the planets in orbit around the sun.
A1 noun /eɡ/

Egg

Meaning
an oval object laid by female birds, reptiles, fish, and insects, used as food
Example
I had scrambled eggs for breakfast this morning.
B2 adjective /stɪf/

Stiff

Meaning
not easily bent or changed; rigid; firm
Example
The old wooden board was too stiff to bend.
C1 adjective rɪˈsɛʃ.ən.er.i

recessionary

Meaning
Relating to or characterized by economic recession.
Example
Governments introduce policies to counter recessionary effects.
B2 noun /rɪb/

Rib

Meaning
one of the curved bones that protect the chest and lungs
Example
He broke his rib in the accident.
A2 noun /ˈneɪbər/

neighbor

Meaning
a person living next door or nearby
Example
My neighbor lent me some sugar when I ran out.
C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

Meaning
Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.
Example
She is the presumptive nominee for the party.
B2 verb /hɔːnt/

haunt

Meaning
to trouble persistently; to visit as a ghost
Example
The old memories still haunt me.
C2 noun /ˈteɪbər/

Tabour

Meaning
a small side drum or tambourine used especially in folk music
Example
The folk musician played a lively tune on his tabour.
C2 adverb /ˈfɔːrbi/

forby

Meaning
In addition; besides (archaic Scottish/English word).
Example
He is kind and generous, and wise forby.
C2 noun /ˈrɪvjʊlət/

rivulet

Meaning
a small stream of water; a tiny brook
Example
A rivulet ran down the hillside after the rain.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.təˈvɛn.ʃə.nɪ.zəm/

interventionism

Meaning
Government policy of active involvement in economic affairs.
Example
The central bank's interventionism helped stabilize inflation.
C1 noun /fiːnd/

fiend

Meaning
an evil spirit or demon; a wicked or cruel person; someone obsessed with a particular thing
Example
He is a real fiend when it comes to solving puzzles.
C1 verb /ˈɡræpəl/

grapple

Meaning
to struggle or wrestle with something, often a problem or opponent
Example
The company is grappling with financial difficulties.
B1 adjective /aɪˈdiːəl/

ideal

Meaning
the best possible; perfect for a situation
Example
This place is ideal for a picnic.
C1 verb /ˈviːtoʊ/

veto

Meaning
to reject or forbid a decision, proposal, or law
Example
The president decided to veto the new bill.
C1 noun /ˈriːkɔːrs/

recourse

Meaning
a source of help or protection in a difficult situation
Example
The students had no recourse but to appeal to the principal.
C2 noun /ˈtʊrnɪkɪt/

tourniquet

Meaning
a device used to stop bleeding by compressing blood vessels
Example
The medic applied a tourniquet to stop the bleeding.
C2 adjective /əˈluːsɪv/

allusive

Meaning
Making indirect references or hints; suggestive without being explicit.
Example
The novel is full of allusive passages that point to classical literature.
B2 noun pəˈspek.tɪvz

perspectives

Meaning
A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.
Example
New perspectives enhance understanding.
C1 verb /weɪn/

wane

Meaning
To decrease gradually in power, intensity, or size.
Example
The moon wanes after the full moon night.
C1 noun /ˌɒbstəˈtrɪʃən/

obstetrician

Meaning
A doctor specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, and women's reproductive health.
Example
The obstetrician monitored the mother’s health throughout the pregnancy.
A1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.dən/

Garden

Meaning
a piece of ground, often near a house, used for growing flowers, fruit, or vegetables
Example
She spent her morning tending to the roses in her beautiful garden.
B2 verb /ɪkˈsɛl/

excel

Meaning
to be exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject
Example
She always tries to excel in her studies.
C1 noun /mɑːrˈsuːpiəl/

marsupial

Meaning
A type of mammal that carries and nourishes its young in a pouch, like kangaroos and koalas.
Example
The kangaroo is a well-known marsupial.
C1 noun /ˈtiːdiəm/

tedium

Meaning
the state of being tedious; monotony or boredom
Example
The tedium of long meetings often drains motivation.
C1 noun /hɔːrd/

horde

Meaning
A large group or crowd, especially one that is disorderly or difficult to control.
Example
A horde of fans gathered outside the stadium.
A2 adjective /kənˈsɜːnd/

concerned

Meaning
worried or anxious about something; involved or interested in something
Example
She was concerned about her mother's health.
B2 noun /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz/

notifications

Meaning
A notice or announcement, especially an official one.
Example
Turn off notifications to stay focused.
C1 adjective /loʊθ/

loath

Meaning
reluctant or unwilling to do something
Example
She was loath to admit her mistake in front of everyone.
A1 noun /ˈmuːvi/

movie

Meaning
A motion picture or film shown in a cinema or on television.
Example
We watched a movie together last night.
B1 adjective /kəˈmɪtɪd/

committed

Meaning
Dedicated and loyal to a cause, activity, or relationship.
Example
She is a committed teacher who cares deeply for her students.
C2 adjective /kəmˈpleɪzənt/

complaisant

Meaning
willing to please others or to accept what they do or say without protest
Example
He was too complaisant to refuse their demands.
A2 noun dɪˈskʌʃ.ənz

discussions

Meaning
The action or process of talking about something in order to reach a decision or to exchange ideas.
Example
Discussions promote collaboration.
B2 noun /ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪzəm/

journalism

Meaning
the activity or profession of collecting, writing, and publishing news and articles for newspapers, magazines, or broadcast media
Example
He studied journalism to become a news reporter.
B2 noun /ˈkɒntræktər/

contractor

Meaning
a person or company that agrees to provide materials or labor to perform a service or do a job
Example
The contractor completed the building project on time.
B1 noun /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

publication

Meaning
the act of making something publicly known or available
Example
The publication of the report sparked a debate.
B2 noun /ˈbɒtəni/

botany

Meaning
the scientific study of plants
Example
She is studying botany at the university.
A2 noun /ʃeɪp/

Shape

Meaning
the external form or appearance of something; condition or state
Example
The artist drew a perfect circle shape on the canvas.
B1 noun /ˈhev.ən/

Heaven

Meaning
a place regarded in various religions as the abode of God and the angels; a place of eternal happiness
Example
Many people believe that good souls go to heaven after they pass away from this world.
B2 verb /kənˈvɜːs/

converse

Meaning
to have a conversation; to talk together
Example
They conversed about literature for hours.
C2 noun /ˈstrætədʒəm/

stratagem

Meaning
a plan or scheme designed to achieve a particular goal, often by trickery
Example
The general devised a clever stratagem to outwit the enemy.
B2 noun /ɡʌlf/

Gulf

Meaning
a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land; a wide gap or difference between people or groups
Example
The Persian Gulf is an important waterway for international shipping and oil transport.
B2 noun /ˌvɪz.ɪˈbɪlɪti/

visibility

Meaning
The state of being able to see or be seen; exposure or prominence.
Example
Increased visibility on social media can help businesses grow.
C1 noun ˈpɑː.sɪŋ

parsing

Meaning
The process of analyzing sentence structure to understand grammatical relationships.
Example
The AI model performs parsing to understand syntax.
B2 noun /ˈɔːkɪstrə/

orchestra

Meaning
a large group of musicians playing different instruments together
Example
The orchestra performed beautifully at the concert.
C1 verb /dɪˈbeɪs/

debase

Meaning
to reduce the quality, value, or dignity of something
Example
Corruption can debase the values of a society.
C1 noun /ˌrɛspɪˈreɪʃən/

respiration

Meaning
The process of breathing or the exchange of gases in living organisms.
Example
Respiration is essential for all living beings.
B2 adjective /ˈʌpˌhɪl/

Uphill

Meaning
difficult; requiring great effort; sloping upward
Example
Learning a new language can be an uphill battle.
A2 noun /ˈmæstər/

Master

Meaning
A skilled practitioner of a particular art or activity; a teacher or expert
Example
Leonardo da Vinci was a master of both painting and sculpture.
C1 noun /ˈkɒləmnɪst/

columnist

Meaning
a journalist who regularly writes articles or opinions for a newspaper or magazine
Example
The columnist wrote an article about climate change.
B2 noun /ˈsel.ər.i/

Celery

Meaning
a green vegetable with long crisp stems that can be eaten raw or cooked
Example
I added chopped celery to the soup for extra flavor.
C2 adjective /ˌfærɪˈseɪɪkəl/

pharisaical

Meaning
Excessively concerned with formal rules or outward show of morality, often in a hypocritical way.
Example
His pharisaical behavior made people doubt his sincerity.
C1 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪkəl/

diabolical

Meaning
Wicked, cruel, or outrageously bad; resembling the devil.
Example
The dictator’s diabolical rule brought misery to the nation.
C1 adjective/adverb /ɡəˈlɔːr/

galore

Meaning
In large amounts; abundant or plentiful.
Example
There were books galore in the old library.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊ.ɪŋ/

Knowing

Meaning
showing awareness or understanding; perceptive; shrewd
Example
She gave him a knowing smile when he mentioned the secret.
A2 noun rɪˈspɛkt

respect

Meaning
A feeling of deep admiration for someone or something.
Example
We should show respect to the freedom fighters.
A2 noun/verb /ˈsɜːrkəl/

circle

Meaning
a round shape; to move all the way around something
Example
The children sat in a circle.
B2 noun

Longing

C1 noun /ˈbroʊkərɪdʒ/

brokerage

Meaning
A firm that acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers, often charging a fee.
Example
The real estate brokerage helped them find a new home.
B2 adjective /dɪˈsɛptɪv/

deceptive

Meaning
Giving an appearance or impression different from the truth; misleading.
Example
Appearances can be deceptive.
B2 adjective /əˈlɛdʒd/

alleged

Meaning
said or thought to be true, but not proven
Example
The alleged thief was caught by the police.
C1 adverb /ˈnɔːθwədz/

Northwards

Meaning
towards the north; in a northerly direction
Example
The birds migrate northwards in spring.
A2 noun ˈhɪrəʊ

hero

Meaning
A person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.
Example
Sydney Carton becomes the ultimate hero through his sacrifice.
B1 noun /kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/

consideration

Meaning
careful thought or attention to something before making a decision
Example
After much consideration, she accepted the job offer.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒndaɪn/

condign

Meaning
deserved, appropriate, and fitting (especially punishment)
Example
The criminal received condign punishment for his crimes.
C2 noun /ˌɔːskʌlˈteɪʃən/

auscultation

Meaning
The act of listening to internal sounds of the body, typically using a stethoscope.
Example
The doctor performed auscultation to check the patient’s lungs.
B2 adjective /ˈʃɔːrt ˌtempərd/

Short-tempered

Meaning
quick to lose one's temper; easily angered
Example
She became short-tempered when the traffic made her late for the meeting.
B2 adverb /wɛərˈbaɪ/

whereby

Meaning
by which; because of which
Example
The company agreed to a contract whereby it would pay the penalty.
B1 noun /kəmˈpleɪnt/

complaint

Meaning
a statement that something is wrong or not satisfactory
Example
The manager received a complaint from a customer about poor service.
A2 adjective /səkˈsɛsfəl/

Successful

Meaning
having achieved a desired aim or result; prosperous
Example
She was successful in her career as a doctor.
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.