Liable
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Spanish FR French DE German RU Russian ZH Chinese JA Japanese
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B2 adjective /ˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/

Liable

Meaning
legally responsible; accountable; obligated
Example
The company is liable for any damages caused by their defective products.
C1 noun /ˈliːniənsi/

leniency

Meaning
The quality of being more merciful or tolerant than expected.
Example
The judge showed leniency in his ruling.
B2 adjective /ˈfoʊni/

phony

Meaning
not genuine; fraudulent or insincere
Example
He gave a phony smile to hide his true feelings.
C2 noun /ˈbɒnəmi/

bonhomie

Meaning
Cheerful friendliness and geniality.
Example
The meeting was filled with laughter and bonhomie.
C2 adjective /ˈfætʃuəs/

fatuous

Meaning
silly or foolish, especially in a self-satisfied way
Example
His fatuous comments during the meeting annoyed everyone.
C2 noun /ˈbrɛviˌɛri/

breviary

Meaning
A book containing the service for each day, used in Christian liturgy.
Example
The monk read from the breviary during morning prayers.
C2 noun, verb /ɡəˈrɒt/

garrote

Meaning
A method of execution by strangulation, or to strangle someone with a cord or wire.
Example
The assassin attempted to garrote his target in the alley.
A2 adjective /riːl/

Real

Meaning
actually existing; genuine; not imaginary or fake
Example
This is a real diamond, not a fake one.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndaɪˈdʒestəbəl/

Indigestible

Meaning
difficult or impossible to digest; hard to process in the stomach
Example
The old bread became hard and indigestible.
B2 noun /ˌpʌɪ.əˈnɪr/

Pioneer

Meaning
a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new area; someone who develops new ideas or methods
Example
She was a pioneer in the field of computer science.
B2 adjective /ˈrek.ləs/

Reckless

Meaning
acting without thinking about consequences; careless; dangerous;
Example
His reckless driving caused a serious accident.
C1 adjective /ˈplaɪəbəl/

pliable

Meaning
easily bent or flexible; adaptable
Example
The metal is pliable enough to be shaped into jewelry.
B2 adjective /ˈtrʌblsəm/

Troublesome

Meaning
causing difficulty or annoyance; problematic
Example
The troublesome student disrupted the class again.
B2 adjective /rɪˈfaɪnd/

Refined

Meaning
elegant and cultured in appearance, manner, or taste; purified
Example
She has very refined taste in art and music.
B2 noun ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən

urbanization

Meaning
The process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas.
Example
Urbanization leads to more developed infrastructure.
B1 noun /ˈwɜːrkaʊt/

workout

Meaning
a session of physical exercise or training to improve fitness or health
Example
She does a full-body workout every morning before work.
C1 noun/verb ˈfɒr.ɪdʒ

forage

Meaning
Food for horses and cattle, especially dried hay or feed; to search for food.
Example
Animals forage for food during the winter months.
B2 adverb /ˈnoʊtəbli/

notably

Meaning
used to indicate something worthy of attention or significant
Example
She is notably talented in painting.
C2 adjective /ˈmɒnɪtəri/

monitory

Meaning
Giving a warning or cautionary advice; serving to warn.
Example
His monitory tone made everyone cautious about their next move.
B2 adjective /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt/

Dominant

Meaning
controlling, influencing, or prevailing over others; most important or powerful
Example
The dominant player controlled the entire basketball game.
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːrtətɔːri/

hortatory

Meaning
Intended to encourage or urge to action.
Example
The manager’s hortatory words inspired the team to work harder.
C1 noun /ˌluː.brɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

lubrication

Meaning
The action of applying a substance to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact.
Example
Lubrication of the eyes is essential for well-being.
A2 noun /ˈriːdər/

reader

Meaning
a person who reads or who is capable of reading
Example
She is a fast reader, finishing books in a day.
B1 adverb /ˈkʌmftəbli/

Comfortably

Meaning
in a comfortable manner; without difficulty or effort; with ease
Example
She was sitting comfortably in her favorite chair.
C2 noun /ˈɛskwaɪər/

esquire

Meaning
A title of respect often used after a man's name, especially for lawyers in the United States.
Example
John Smith, Esquire, will be representing the client in court.
A2 verb ˈfoʊkəs

focus

Meaning
To concentrate attention or effort on something; to direct one's attention or efforts towards a particular activity, subject, or problem.
Example
Focus on what truly matters to simplify your life.
C1 noun /ˌsəʊ.ʃi.əʊˈek.ə.nɒm.ɪk ˈprɒɡ.res/

socioeconomic progress

Meaning
Advancement in both social and economic conditions of a society or community.
Example
Socioeconomic progress uplifts marginalized communities.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪsɪd/

viscid

Meaning
Having a thick, sticky consistency.
Example
The sap had a viscid texture that stuck to his hands.
C1 verb /iːk/

eke

Meaning
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
Example
The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months.
B2 verb /ˈpiːtər/

peter

Meaning
to diminish gradually and come to an end; to fade or dwindle away
Example
The excitement of the event began to peter out after a few hours.
C2 noun /spɪˈlʌŋkər/

spelunker

Meaning
A person who explores caves as a hobby.
Example
The spelunker carried ropes and lights into the dark cave.
C1 adverb /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/

indefinitely

Meaning
for an unlimited or unspecified period of time
Example
The project has been postponed indefinitely.
A2 noun /kəˈnɛkʃən/

connection

Meaning
a relationship in which a person, thing, or idea is linked or associated with something else
Example
There is a strong connection between exercise and health.
A1 noun /ˈpiːpl/

people

Meaning
a group of human beings collectively
Example
The people in the town gathered for the festival.
B2 noun /dʒet/

Jet

Meaning
a rapid stream of liquid, gas, or flame; an aircraft powered by jet engines
Example
The jet took off smoothly and reached cruising altitude quickly.
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
C2 adjective /ˈɒfɪʃ/

offish

Meaning
Unfriendly, distant, or reserved in manner.
Example
He seemed offish at the party and avoided most conversations.
C2 verb /ˈbraʊˌbiːt/

browbeat

Meaning
To intimidate or bully someone into doing something
Example
The lawyer tried to browbeat the witness.
B2 noun /ˈpen.ʃən/

Pension

Meaning
a regular payment made to someone who is no longer working because of age or disability
Example
After retirement, he receives a monthly pension from the company.
B2 adjective ˈteɪləd

tailored

Meaning
Made or adapted for a particular purpose or person.
Example
He wore a tailored suit that complemented his physique perfectly.
B2 noun /ɡɪɡ/

gig

Meaning
A live performance by a musician, band, or entertainer; also a temporary job.
Example
The band has a gig at the local club tonight.
C2 adjective /ˌpɒliˈæn.ɪ.ɪʃ/

pollyannaish

Meaning
overly or blindly optimistic
Example
Her pollyannaish attitude ignored the obvious problems.
C2 noun /ˈluː.mən/

lumen

Meaning
A unit of luminous flux, measuring the amount of visible light emitted by a source.
Example
The bulb produces 800 lumens of light.
C2 adjective /ˌmædʒɪˈstɪəriəl/

magisterial

Meaning
Having the characteristics of a master or authority; commanding and dignified.
Example
The professor spoke in a magisterial tone during the lecture.
C2 noun /ˈfræŋkɪnsɛns/

frankincense

Meaning
An aromatic gum resin used in incense and perfumes, often in religious ceremonies.
Example
The temple was filled with the sweet smell of burning frankincense.
C2 noun (plural) /ˈɔːrdʒiːz/

orgies

Meaning
Wild gatherings involving excessive indulgence in food, drink, or sexual activity.
Example
The ancient Romans were infamous for their lavish feasts and orgies.
C1 adjective /ˈɛm.ɪ.nənt/

eminent

Meaning
Famous and respected within a particular sphere or profession.
Example
He is an eminent scientist known for groundbreaking research.
C2 adjective /bɒmˈbæstɪk/

bombastic

Meaning
using pompous or inflated language with little meaning
Example
The professor’s bombastic lecture impressed no one.
C2 noun /ˈsætər/

satyr

Meaning
a creature from Greek mythology depicted as a lustful being, often half-man and half-goat; by extension, a lecherous man
Example
In the museum mural, a satyr plays the panpipes while dancing in the woods.
A2 noun /wʊlf/

Wolf

Meaning
a wild carnivorous mammal which is the largest member of the dog family
Example
The wolf howled at the full moon.
A2 verb /haɪd/

hide

Meaning
to put or keep out of sight; to conceal from view
Example
Children like to hide during games.
C1 noun /ˈspaɪər/

spire

Meaning
a tall, pointed structure on top of a building, especially a church
Example
The church spire could be seen from miles away.
B2 adverb /ˈdɪmli/

dimly

Meaning
in a faint or unclear way; with little light
Example
The room was dimly lit by a single candle.
B2 noun /ˈmʊzlɪm/

muslim

Meaning
a follower of Islam
Example
He is a devout Muslim.
A1 noun /ɑːrm/

Arm

Meaning
the upper limb of the human body from the shoulder to the hand
Example
She raised her arm to ask a question.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/

patriarch

Meaning
a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group
Example
As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.
C1 noun /ˈtæntrəm/

tantrum

Meaning
An uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration, typically in a young child.
Example
The child threw a tantrum when he didn’t get the toy.
A2 verb /reɪz/

raise

Meaning
To lift or move something to a higher position; to increase; to bring up.
Example
She raised her hand to ask a question.
A1 noun /ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd/

boyfriend

Meaning
a man or boy that someone is having a romantic or close relationship with
Example
She introduced her boyfriend to her parents.
B2 adverb /ˈsel.fɪʃ.li/

Selfishly

Meaning
in a selfish manner; caring only about oneself
Example
He selfishly took all the cookies.
A2 noun /ˈwɛdɪŋ/

wedding

Meaning
a marriage ceremony, especially considered as including the associated celebrations
Example
They are planning a wedding in the summer.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈweər/

Unaware

Meaning
not knowing or realizing; having no knowledge of something
Example
She was completely unaware of the danger.
C2 noun /ˌdɛkəˈsɪləbəl/

decasyllable

Meaning
A line of verse with ten syllables.
Example
The poet often wrote in decasyllable form.
C2 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːziə/

analgesia

Meaning
The inability to feel pain while still conscious.
Example
The doctor induced analgesia before performing the procedure.
C2 verb /dʒaɪb/

jibe

Meaning
to make an insulting remark; to be in agreement or harmony with
Example
His actions did not jibe with his words.
B2 noun /ˈep.ɪk/

Epic

Meaning
a long poem telling of heroic deeds; something heroic or grand in scale
Example
The Iliad is one of the most famous epics in world literature.
C2 verb /lʌɡ/

lug

Meaning
to carry or drag something heavy or cumbersome with effort
Example
He had to lug the suitcase up three flights of stairs.
A2 adjective ˈiːkwəl

equal

Meaning
Being the same in quantity, size, degree, or value; having the same status or treatment.
Example
Bose was regarded as Galileo's equal.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpəˈmɪsəbl/

impermissible

Meaning
Not permitted or allowed.
Example
Such behavior is impermissible in the workplace.
C2 adjective /ˈsɛpərəbəl/

separable

Meaning
Capable of being separated or divided.
Example
The two issues are separable and should be discussed independently.
C1 noun /ˈheɪl.stɔːrm/

Hailstorm

Meaning
a violent storm with hail falling from the sky
Example
The hailstorm damaged many cars in the parking lot.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnbɪˈkʌmɪŋ/

unbecoming

Meaning
Not proper or appropriate for a person; unsuitable.
Example
His rude behavior was unbecoming of a leader.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrsəm/

foursome

Meaning
a group of four people or things, especially in games or social activities
Example
The foursome enjoyed a game of golf together.
B2 noun /ˌrɛfəˈriː/

referee

Meaning
a person who oversees a game or match to ensure the rules are followed
Example
The referee stopped the game after a foul.
B2 verb /əˈbaɪd/

abide

Meaning
to accept or act in accordance with; to endure; to dwell
Example
I will abide by the rules of the company.
C1 noun /ˈdʒʌŋk.tʃər/

Juncture

Meaning
a particular point in events or time; a critical moment when important decisions must be made
Example
At this juncture, we need to make a crucial decision about our future.
C1 noun /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

denunciation

Meaning
the public condemnation or accusation of someone or something
Example
The journalist's article was a strong denunciation of corruption.
B1 noun /klɪf/

cliff

Meaning
a high, steep face of rock or earth
Example
The waves crashed against the bottom of the cliff.
C1 adjective /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tɪv/

Educative

Meaning
providing education; instructive; informative
Example
The documentary was highly educative and informative.
B2 noun /ˈvɪɡ.ər/

Vigour

Meaning
physical strength and good health; effort, energy, and enthusiasm
Example
She approached her work with renewed vigour after the vacation.
B2 noun /ˈblʌn.dər/

blunder

Meaning
A stupid or careless mistake; a serious error in judgment.
Example
His blunder cost the company a fortune.
B1 noun /əˈtæʧmənt/

attachment

Meaning
a strong feeling of affection or connection
Example
The attachment he felt to his hometown was undeniable.
C2 verb /diːˈpɒpjʊˌleɪt/

depopulate

Meaning
To reduce the number of people living in a place.
Example
The war threatened to depopulate the once-thriving town.
B1 noun /dɪsk/

disk

Meaning
a flat, circular object, often used to store data electronically
Example
All the data is saved on a hard disk.
B2 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.fəl/

Shameful

Meaning
causing shame; disgraceful; embarrassing
Example
His shameful behavior embarrassed the entire family.
C2 verb /sʌbˈtɛnd/

subtend

Meaning
To extend across or form an angle at a particular point, often used in geometry.
Example
The arc subtends a 60-degree angle at the center of the circle.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /baʊnd/

bound

Meaning
To move with large strides or jumps; also refers to being tied, limited, or certain.
Example
The dog bounded across the field with joy.
C1 noun /ˈɛskəpeɪd/

escapade

Meaning
an adventurous, exciting, or reckless act
Example
Their summer escapade included camping and mountain climbing.
A2 adjective /dɪˈlɪʃəs/

delicious

Meaning
having a very pleasant taste or smell
Example
The cake was so delicious that everyone asked for a second slice.
B1 noun ˈstæn.dədz

standards

Meaning
A level of quality or attainment; a required or agreed level of quality or attainment.
Example
High standards inspire competitors.
C1 verb /ɡliːn/

glean

Meaning
to collect or gather slowly and bit by bit, especially information or crops left after harvest
Example
The journalist gleaned facts from several sources.
B2 adjective /ɪˈrɛləvənt/

Irrelevant

Meaning
not connected with or relevant to something; having no bearing on the matter
Example
Your past mistakes are irrelevant to this discussion.
B2 verb /rɪˈtriːv/

retrieve

Meaning
to get something back that was lost or taken; to recover
Example
She managed to retrieve her lost phone from the taxi.
B2 adverb /ˈbruːtəli/

brutally

Meaning
in a cruel, violent, or harsh manner; in a very direct and blunt way
Example
The prisoners were treated brutally by the guards.
B1 noun /ˈsʌməri/

summary

Meaning
A brief statement of the main points of something.
Example
She wrote a summary of the book for her class.
C2 adjective /pəˈrɒnɪməs/

paronymous

Meaning
Words that are derived from the same root or sound alike.
Example
The words 'effect' and 'effective' are paronymous.
A2 adjective /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

flying

Meaning
able to move through the air; related to flight or aircraft
Example
The flying bird disappeared into the clouds.
B1 noun rɪˈsɜː.tʃəz

researchers

Meaning
People who study and investigate to discover new information or facts.
Example
Researchers are working on innovative solutions.
C2 noun /vɜːrˈtuː/

virtu

Meaning
a love of or taste for fine art, antiques, or curiosities
Example
The collector’s house was filled with objects of virtu.
C2 verb əˈtɛn.ju.eɪt

attenuate

Meaning
To reduce the force, effect, or value of something; to make weak or thin.
Example
The medicine helps attenuate the pain.
C1 noun /ˈædʒʌŋkt/

adjunct

Meaning
a thing added to something else as a supplementary part
Example
The professor worked as an adjunct at the university.
B1 noun /dʒʌdʒ/

Judge

Meaning
a public official appointed to decide cases in a law court; a person who decides the results of a competition
Example
The judge carefully reviewed all the evidence before making a decision.
A2 noun /ˈruːlər/

ruler

Meaning
A person who governs or controls a country; a straight-edged tool used for measuring or drawing lines
Example
The ruler drew a straight line on the paper while the king was a powerful ruler of his kingdom.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvoʊk/

invoke

Meaning
to call upon a higher power, authority, or principle for help, support, or justification
Example
The lawyer invoked the constitution to defend his client.
C1 adjective /ˈweɪwərd/

wayward

Meaning
Difficult to control or predict because of unusual or perverse behavior.
Example
The teacher struggled to manage the wayward students.
C1 noun /ˈɡæloʊz/

gallows

Meaning
A structure used for hanging criminals who have been sentenced to death.
Example
The criminal was led to the gallows at dawn.
A2 verb /pɪk/

pick

Meaning
to choose; to take or select from a group; to pluck or gather
Example
Please pick your favorite color from the palette.
B2 noun /ˈter.ər.ɪ.zəm/

Terrorism

Meaning
the unlawful use of violence and intimidation against civilians for political aims
Example
The government increased security measures to prevent terrorism.
B1 adjective /ˈlʌv.ɪŋ/

Loving

Meaning
affectionate; caring; showing love and warmth
Example
She is a loving mother who cares deeply for her children.
C2 noun /ˌæprəˈbeɪʃən/

approbation

Meaning
approval or praise
Example
The plan won the approbation of the board members.
C1 verb /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/

arbitrate

Meaning
to settle a dispute between two parties by acting as an impartial judge
Example
The committee agreed to arbitrate the contract dispute.
C1 verb /diːˈhaɪdreɪt/

dehydrate

Meaning
to remove water from something; to lose water or body fluids
Example
Running in the heat can quickly dehydrate you.
B1 adjective /ˈbrɪliənt/

brilliant

Meaning
Exceptionally clever, talented, or impressive; very bright or radiant.
Example
She gave a brilliant performance on stage.
A2 adjective ˈhjuː.mən

human

Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of people or human beings; showing the better qualities of humankind, such as kindness.
Example
Human values shape social systems.
B2 noun /ˈæd.və.kət/

Advocate

Meaning
a lawyer who represents clients in court; a person who supports or argues for a cause or policy
Example
The advocate presented strong evidence to defend his client in court.
C2 noun /ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

culpability

Meaning
responsibility for a fault or wrong; blameworthiness
Example
The jury considered his level of culpability in the crime.
C1 noun /tɪf/

tiff

Meaning
a small or petty quarrel or argument
Example
They had a little tiff over what movie to watch.
B2 adjective /dɪˌveləpˈmentl/

developmental

Meaning
relating to the process of growth or progress
Example
Early childhood is a crucial developmental stage for learning.
C1 adjective ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk

electromagnetic

Meaning
Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.
Example
Electromagnetic forces repel protons.
C2 noun /ˌhɛtərəʤəˈniːɪti/

heterogeneity

Meaning
the quality or state of being diverse in character or content
Example
The cultural heterogeneity of the city makes it vibrant and unique.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/

Insomnia

Meaning
habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep; the condition of being unable to sleep
Example
Her chronic insomnia made it difficult for her to concentrate during work hours.