A2 noun
B2 adjective ɪˈmɜː.sɪv
immersive
Meaning
Providing, involving, or characterized by deep absorption or immersion in something.
Example
Virtual reality creates an immersive learning environment.
A2 noun /fɒks/
Fox
Meaning
a wild animal related to dogs, with a pointed face and thick fur
Example
The red fox is known for its cunning nature.
B2 adjective /æbˈnɔːr.məl/
abnormal
Meaning
deviating from what is normal or usual, typically in a way that is undesirable
Example
The doctor noticed an abnormal growth in the patient’s lung.
C2 noun /pɛlf/
pelf
Meaning
Money, especially when gained dishonorably.
Example
The corrupt official was motivated only by pelf.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/
convalescent
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
B2 noun /ˈlen.tɪl/
Lentil
Meaning
a high-protein pulse which is dried and then soaked and cooked prior to eating
Example
She cooked red lentils for dinner tonight.
B2 noun bækˈtɪə.ri.ə
bacteria
Meaning
A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus.
Example
Specialized bacteria aid in waste decomposition.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplaɪəbl/
impliable
Meaning
Capable of being implied or suggested.
Example
The meaning of the statement is not directly clear but is impliable from the context.
C2 verb /haɪˈpɒθɪkeɪt/
hypothecate
Meaning
to pledge something, such as property, as security for a debt without giving up possession of it.
Example
The company hypothecated its assets to secure the loan.
B2 adjective /dɪˈzæs.trəs/
Disastrous
Meaning
extremely bad or unsuccessful; causing great damage
Example
The hurricane had disastrous effects on the city.
A2 noun /dəˈrɛkʃən/ or /daɪˈrɛkʃən/
direction
Meaning
the course or path on which someone or something is moving; instructions on what to do
Example
He asked for directions to the train station.
C1 noun /ˈpeɪtriɑːrk/
patriarch
Meaning
a male head of a family or tribe; an older respected man who leads a group
Example
As the family patriarch, he mediated disputes and kept long traditions alive.
C2 noun /ˌɪnsjəˈlærəti/
insularity
Meaning
The state of being isolated or narrow-minded.
Example
The insularity of the group prevented them from accepting new ideas.
B2 adverb /əˈbrʌptli/
Abruptly
Meaning
suddenly and unexpectedly; without warning
Example
The meeting ended abruptly when the power went out.
B1 noun /ˈhɔːlweɪ/
hallway
Meaning
a corridor in a building that connects rooms
Example
The kids left their shoes in the hallway.
B2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.lənt/
Equivalent
Meaning
equal in value, amount, function, or meaning; having the same effect or result
Example
This amount is equivalent to ten dollars.
C1 adjective /ˈflaʊəri/
flowery
Meaning
Full of flowers or overly elaborate in style or language.
Example
She wrote a flowery letter filled with poetic phrases.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnər/
tenor
Meaning
the general meaning, drift, or character of something; a male singing voice between baritone and alto
Example
The overall tenor of his speech was hopeful and reassuring.
C1 noun /sleɪ/
sleigh
Meaning
A vehicle pulled by horses or reindeer over snow or ice.
Example
Children were excited to ride in the sleigh through the snowy village.
C1 verb /dɪsˈfɪɡjər/
disfigure
Meaning
to spoil or damage the appearance of something
Example
The fire disfigured the old building.
C2 noun /rɪˈvaɪlər/
reviler
Meaning
a person who criticizes or insults others abusively
Example
He was known as a reviler of all who opposed him.
C1 noun ˌɪntədɪˈpɛndənsi
interdependency
Meaning
The dependence of two or more people or things on each other.
Example
The interdependency of the countries led to greater cooperation.
C1 adjective /pəˈmɪs.ɪv/
permissive
Meaning
Allowing or characterized by great or excessive freedom of behavior; very lenient or indulgent.
Example
Permissive parenting can sometimes lead to a lack of discipline in children.
B2 noun /ˌsuːpərˈvɪʒən/
supervision
Meaning
the action or process of overseeing or managing something or someone
Example
The project was completed under the supervision of an experienced manager.
C1 noun /ˈdaɪnəˌmoʊ/
dynamo
Meaning
A machine that generates electricity; a person with great energy and enthusiasm.
Example
She is the real dynamo behind the success of the company.
C2 noun /ˈfɛndər/
fender
Meaning
a part of a vehicle that frames a wheel well to protect against mud or debris
Example
The car's fender was dented in the accident.
C2 verb /ˈpʌlvəraɪz/
pulverize
Meaning
To crush or grind something into a fine powder; to completely defeat or destroy.
Example
The machine can pulverize stones into dust.
C1 verb pleɪɡd
plagued
Meaning
Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.
Example
People are plagued by anxiety and depression.
A2 noun /ɪŋk/
Ink
Meaning
a colored fluid used for writing, drawing, or printing; a dark liquid ejected by cuttlefish
Example
The old fountain pen leaked ink all over his white shirt during the meeting.
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɜːrst/
dispersed
Meaning
Scattered or spread across a wide area.
Example
The dispersed population made it difficult to provide public services.
A1 noun /waɪf/
wife
Meaning
a woman who is married to someone
Example
She is the wife of the famous author.
C2 verb /ʌpˈhiːv/
upheave
Meaning
to lift or raise something forcefully; to cause to rise suddenly
Example
The workers had to upheave the heavy stone to clear the path.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːɪsəns/
impuissance
Meaning
inability to take effective action; helplessness
Example
The government’s impuissance in the face of crisis frustrated the people.
B2 noun ˈbleɪzə
blazer
Meaning
A coloured jacket worn by members of a club, team, or school as part of a uniform.
Example
He looked sharp in his navy blue blazer at the event.
C1 adjective /ɔːˌθɒr.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
authoritarian
Meaning
Demanding absolute obedience to authority; excessively controlling or strict in governance.
Example
Authoritarian parenting often limits a child's independence.
B1 adjective /ˈkæʒ.u.əl/
Casual
Meaning
relaxed and unconcerned; happening by chance; informal
Example
He wore casual clothes to the party.
C2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ/
disavow
Meaning
to deny responsibility for or connection with something
Example
He disavowed any involvement in the scandal.
C1 noun /ˈkærət/
karat
Meaning
A unit for measuring the purity of gold, with 24 karats being pure gold.
Example
The ring was made of 18-karat gold.
A2 adjective /ˈhɔːrəbəl/
Horrible
Meaning
causing or likely to cause horror; shocking; terrible; extremely unpleasant
Example
The accident was a horrible sight to witness.
B2 verb /kɑːrv/
carve
Meaning
To cut or shape something, especially wood or stone, into a desired form.
Example
The artist carved a beautiful statue out of marble.
C1 noun /səbˈdʒɛkʃən/
subjection
Meaning
the act of bringing someone or something under control or domination
Example
The people suffered under the subjection of a cruel ruler.
A2 noun /ˈrɛkɔːd/
record
Meaning
a written or spoken account of something
Example
I kept a record of all the meetings.
B2 noun /ˈtiːmmeɪt/
teammate
Meaning
a member of the same team
Example
He congratulated his teammate after scoring the goal.
C2 noun /ˈɛpəlɛt/
epaulette
Meaning
A variant spelling of epaulet, also meaning a shoulder ornament, especially on military uniforms.
Example
The officer’s epaulette shone brightly under the sunlight.
A2 noun /mæp/
map
Meaning
a drawing that shows the features of an area of land or sea
Example
He studied the map before starting his journey.
C2 adjective /ˈseɪpiənt/
sapient
Meaning
Wise, or appearing to be wise.
Example
The professor gave a sapient response to the complex question.
C2 noun /ˈjoʊkəl/
yokel
Meaning
An uneducated and unsophisticated person from the countryside; a bumpkin.
Example
The city folks laughed at the yokel's simple ways.
B2 noun rɪˈpʌb.lɪk
republic
Meaning
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, with an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
Example
A republic is governed by representatives of the people.
C2 noun /hɪˈlærɪti/
hilarity
Meaning
Extreme amusement, especially when expressed by laughter.
Example
The movie caused great hilarity among the audience.
C2 noun /sɪnˈtɪl.ə/
scintilla
Meaning
A tiny trace or spark of a specified quality or feeling.
Example
There wasn’t a scintilla of doubt in her mind.
B2 adjective /ˈmʌd.i/
muddy
Meaning
covered in or full of mud; unclear or confused
Example
The children came back with muddy shoes after playing outside.
A2 pronoun /ɪtˈsɛlf/
itself
Meaning
Used to emphasize the thing just mentioned; by its own power or effort.
Example
The cat cleaned itself after eating.
C2 adjective /əˈluːsɪv/
allusive
Meaning
Making indirect references or hints; suggestive without being explicit.
Example
The novel is full of allusive passages that point to classical literature.
B2 noun ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti
integrity
Meaning
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.
Example
Teachers' integrity fosters a positive learning environment.
C1 verb /rɪˈsiːd/
recede
Meaning
To move back or further away from a previous position.
Example
The floodwaters began to recede after the heavy rain stopped.
B1 noun /ɛr pəˈluːʃən/
air pollution
Meaning
The presence of harmful or poisonous substances in the air, typically caused by industrial processes, vehicle emissions, or other human activities.
Example
Air pollution from factories led to the first environmental movement.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/
cordon
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
A1 noun /dres/
Dress
Meaning
a piece of clothing for women or girls that covers the body and extends down over the legs
Example
She wore a beautiful blue dress to the party.
B2 adjective /mæɡˈnɛtɪk/
magnetic
Meaning
having the power to attract metal objects or to attract people or things in a strong way
Example
The magnetic field of the Earth protects us from harmful solar radiation.
C2 noun /ˈtʊrnɪkɪt/
tourniquet
Meaning
a device used to stop bleeding by compressing blood vessels
Example
The medic applied a tourniquet to stop the bleeding.
B2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔː.stɪd/
exhausted
Meaning
Extremely tired; having no energy left.
Example
Feeling exhausted after waking up is common.
B2 verb /dɪˈfɜːr/
defer
Meaning
To postpone or delay; to yield to someone else's judgment or opinion.
Example
The meeting was deferred until next week.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tjʊ.mə.li/
contumely
Meaning
insulting or humiliating treatment
Example
He endured the contumely of his colleagues with patience.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪsəʊˈθɜːrməl/
isothermal
Meaning
Having or maintaining equal or constant temperature.
Example
The experiment was conducted under isothermal conditions.
A2 noun /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/
invitation
Meaning
a written or spoken request to attend an event or to participate in something
Example
She sent me an invitation to her wedding.
B1 adjective /feɪld/
failed
Meaning
not successful in achieving a desired result
Example
The project failed to meet the expectations.
A1 verb /juːz/
use
Meaning
to employ something for a purpose; to take advantage of
Example
I use my computer for work and entertainment.
B2 adjective /ˈhoʊmli/
Homely
Meaning
simple and comfortable; unpretentious; plain in appearance; cozy and familiar
Example
She enjoyed the homely atmosphere of the small café.
B1 verb /siːk/
seek
Meaning
to try to find or obtain something; to attempt or desire to achieve
Example
He decided to seek advice from his mentor.
B1 noun /pɑːm/
Palm
Meaning
a tropical tree with fan-shaped leaves; fruit of the palm tree
Example
The palm tree produces sweet fruit that we enjoy eating.
B2 adjective /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/
Advantageous
Meaning
beneficial; favorable; profitable
Example
This position offers advantageous opportunities for career growth.
C1 noun ˈprəʊses stəˈbɪlɪti
process stability
Meaning
The consistency and steadiness of biological or functional processes
Example
Cold air ensures process stability in plants.
C1 verb /smɪr/
smear
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
C2 noun /sɪˈnɛrəsɪs/
syneresis
Meaning
The contraction of two adjacent vowels into a single syllable or the separation of liquid from a gel.
Example
The yogurt showed syneresis when liquid separated on top.
B2 verb /ˌkɒn.trəˈdɪkt/
contradict
Meaning
to say or show the opposite of something that has been said or believed
Example
His actions contradict his words.
B1 adjective, verb (past participle of wear) /wɔːrn/
worn
Meaning
damaged, weakened, or deteriorated from use or age
Example
His shoes were old and worn.
B2 adjective /ˌɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/
Idiotic
Meaning
extremely stupid; foolish; senseless
Example
His idiotic behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
C2 noun /maɪˈnjuːʃə/
minutia
Meaning
a small or trivial detail of something
Example
He was bored by the minutia of office paperwork.
B2 noun /kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃən/
configuration
Meaning
an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form or structure
Example
The configuration of the system needs to be adjusted for better performance.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/
porous
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns
inference
Meaning
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.
Example
Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.mə.si/
Intimacy
Meaning
close familiarity or friendship; closeness; a private cozy atmosphere
Example
The couple valued the emotional intimacy they shared more than material possessions.
B1 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/
intention
Meaning
A plan, aim, or purpose behind an action.
Example
Her intention was to finish the project before the deadline.
B1 noun /feɪθ/
Faith
Meaning
complete trust or confidence in someone or something; strong belief in religion
Example
She had unwavering faith in her team's ability to succeed.
B1 adjective /ˈkriːmi/
creamy
Meaning
having a smooth, rich texture like cream
Example
She poured a creamy sauce over the pasta.
C1 verb /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/
relegate
Meaning
to assign to a lower rank, position, or category
Example
The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.
C1 noun /ˈtwɪstər/
twister
Meaning
A tornado or something that twists; also refers to a challenging tongue twister.
Example
The twister destroyed several houses in the village.
C2 noun /rɪˈkɒɡnɪzəns/
recognizance
Meaning
A legal obligation or bond entered into before a court, especially to ensure future appearance.
Example
He was released on his own recognizance.
C1 noun /əˈsɪdɪti/
acidity
Meaning
the quality or degree of being acidic; the amount of acid present in a substance
Example
The acidity of the soil affects how well crops grow.
B2 verb /ɪmˈpoʊz/
impose
Meaning
to force someone to accept something; to establish or apply by authority
Example
The government imposed new taxes on luxury goods.
B1 noun /ˈeər fɔːrs/
Air force
Meaning
the military organization of a country that uses aircraft for fighting
Example
The air force conducted a training exercise over the mountains.
C1 adjective /ˈblaɪtɪd/
blighted
Meaning
Spoiled, damaged, or destroyed.
Example
The blighted neighborhood was abandoned by most residents.
A1 noun /tʃiːz/
Cheese
Meaning
a food made from the pressed curds of milk; used for photography to make people smile
Example
She added grated cheese to the pasta for extra flavor.
A1 noun /klɒk/
Clock
Meaning
an instrument used to indicate, keep, and co-ordinate time
Example
The clock on the wall shows three o'clock.
B2 adjective /ˈhændi/
handy
Meaning
convenient to use or easily accessible; skillful with the hands
Example
This pocket knife is very handy when you go camping.
B2 noun/verb /ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/
outrage
Meaning
A strong feeling of anger and shock; to arouse anger or shock.
Example
The unfair decision caused public outrage.
B2 verb /wiːv/
weave
Meaning
to make cloth by interlacing threads; to move in and out
Example
She learned to weave beautiful carpets.
C2 noun /ˌperəˈreɪʃən/
peroration
Meaning
The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.
Example
The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically.
B2 verb /rɪˈfreʃ/
refresh
Meaning
to make fresh again; to restore energy
Example
A cold drink refreshes me on hot days.
C2 noun /ˈsɛrəf/
seraph
Meaning
An angelic being associated with light and purity, often depicted as a high-ranking angel in Christian theology.
Example
The stained-glass window depicted a seraph with outstretched wings.
B2 noun /ˈtɛlɪˌskoʊp/
telescope
Meaning
An optical instrument used to make distant objects appear closer and larger by collecting and focusing light.
Example
The astronomer used a telescope to observe the distant planets.
C2 adjective /mɛnˈdeɪʃəs/
mendacious
Meaning
not telling the truth; lying
Example
The politician was known for his mendacious statements.
C1 adjective /pərˈpetʃuəl/
perpetual
Meaning
never-ending or continuous
Example
She lived in perpetual fear of being discovered.
A2 adjective /ˈleɪtɪst/
latest
Meaning
most recent in time; newest available
Example
She shared the latest updates with the team.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpoʊzd/
composed
Meaning
calm and in control of oneself; made up of or formed from
Example
He remained composed even under pressure.
C1 noun/verb /ˈtæm.pər.ɪŋ/
tampering
Meaning
The action of interfering with something in order to cause damage or make unauthorized alterations.
Example
Tampering with evidence is a criminal offense.
A1 verb /niːd/
need
Meaning
to require something; to be in want of
Example
I need help with my homework.
C1 noun /ˈæspɪrənt/
aspirant
Meaning
a person who seeks or hopes to achieve a position of honor or advancement
Example
She is an aspirant for the university's top scholarship.
B2 noun /ʌnəˈbɪləti/
unability
Meaning
the state of being unable to do something; incapacity
Example
His unability to solve the problem caused delays in the project.
C2 noun /ˈdɛnɪzən/
denizen
Meaning
an inhabitant or resident of a particular place
Example
The forest is home to many nocturnal denizens.
C2 noun /ˌdɪsəˈvaʊəl/
disavowal
Meaning
the denial of any responsibility, connection, or support
Example
The politician issued a firm disavowal of the controversial remarks.
B2 adjective /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/
fortunate
Meaning
Having good luck or receiving something desirable by chance.
Example
She was fortunate to escape the accident without injuries.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/
viceroy
Meaning
a ruler exercising authority on behalf of a sovereign in a colony or province
Example
The viceroy governed the colony in the king's name.
C1 noun /ˈmiːdieɪtər/
Mediator
Meaning
A person who attempts to make people involved in a conflict agree
Example
The United Nations often acts as a mediator in international disputes.
C1 adjective dɪˈskrɪmɪnətɔːri
discriminatory
Meaning
Making or showing an unfair or prejudicial distinction between different categories of people or things.
Example
Discriminatory policies triggered protests.
C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/
profiteer
Meaning
a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally
Example
The government punished war profiteers.
C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/
plenary
Meaning
complete in every way; fully attended or absolute
Example
The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.
C1 adjective /ˈɡræn.jʊ.lər/
granular
Meaning
Consisting of small grains or particles; detailed and specific.
Example
The report provided a granular analysis of the market data.
C1 adjective tɪˈneɪ.ʃəs
tenacious
Meaning
Not readily letting go of, giving up, or separated from an object that one holds, a position, or a principle; persistent.
Example
Her tenacious spirit helped her overcome hardships.
A1 noun /skuːl/
school
Meaning
An institution for educating children; also a group of people sharing the same ideas or discipline.
Example
The children walked to school together.