a crust or hard coating formed on the surface of something

extending or moving uniformly in one direction; not curved or bent; honest

a person from one's own country or rural area

being of an age between young and old; typically between 40-60 years old

Painful or laborious effort; suffering or hardship.

to go beyond a limit or expectation

a climbing plant with curved red and orange flowers resembling a parrot's beak

A procedure intended to establish the quality, performance, or reliability of something.

A building equipped for observing astronomical or meteorological events.

The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources and destruction of ecosystems.

decayed; spoiled; bad

a person whose job is to serve food and drinks to customers in a restaurant or café

To make something lawful by official approval.

A senior clergyman in the Christian Church ranking below a bishop.

Relating to or denoting the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form.

Of only average quality; not very good.

to carry out a systematic inquiry to discover facts or information

The feeling or state of being happy; a pleasurable or satisfying experience; contentment and joy.

Beginning to grow or increase rapidly; flourishing.

lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness

a visible mass of condensed water vapour floating in the atmosphere above the ground

the process of coming into view, existence, or prominence

a fee paid in advance to secure someone's services, or a device that holds something in place

to keep someone from proceeding; to hold back, especially by official authority

animal skin that has been treated to preserve it and make it suitable for use

the quality of being wastefully extravagant

to bring up a subject for discussion

a large, impressive house

A soothing or healing ointment applied to the skin.

the action or state of moving or being moved apart; the division of something into constituent or distinct elements

A collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study.

to give an account of something in words, including details

a colorful spring flower with cup-shaped petals

the state of being a slave or completely subject to someone more powerful

Reigning; currently holding power, authority, or dominance.

Firmly fixed or established; deeply rooted and difficult to change.

Without injury; not physically harmed.

The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly; ultimate importance.

personal; confidential; not public; individual

to make a written copy of spoken words or notes

To remove the testicles of a male animal or human.

A soft food made by boiling oats or other grains in milk or water.

lying stretched out on the ground with one's face downward, often as a sign of submission or exhaustion

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

The principal sail set on the foremast of a sailing vessel.

To make something more difficult or confusing.

in an initial stage; beginning to develop

restless; unable to remain still or quiet; anxious or troubled

a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes

to cut with or as if with scissors

an appliance for keeping food and drinks cold

Plants considered collectively, especially those found in a particular region.

A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim.

to engage in legal proceedings or take a dispute to court

able to speak a language easily and accurately; flowing smoothly and gracefully

a unit of weight for precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams

relating to a nation, especially its culture, language, or government

to bend one or both knees as a sign of reverence or worship

a large building or series of connected buildings containing shops and restaurants

A woman's light dressing gown, often made of thin or silky material.

A decorative drapery hung across the top of a window or bed.

Arrogantly domineering or overbearing.

to set someone free from legal, social, or political restrictions; to liberate from slavery or oppression

Believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity.

The study and classification of people according to their attitudes, aspirations, and other psychological criteria.

Relating to or showing a difference; involving a distinction.

a group of spore-producing organisms such as mushrooms, molds, and yeasts

at, into, or across the space separating two objects or regions

to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely

behaving in a way that contradicts one's stated beliefs or values

To avoid something by stepping aside; to evade a problem or question indirectly.

on or to an upper floor of a building; the upper floor or floors

To make someone extremely angry.

to go up or climb to a higher position; to rise

a word used to connect clauses or sentences, or to coordinate words

A person or thing that carries, transports, or conveys something; also an organization that provides transport services.

the first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning

soft and loose; lacking firmness or muscle tone; weak

Reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.

False belief, misconception, false reasoning.

a legal document that makes changes or additions to an existing will

The tendency to increase consumption of goods and the importance given to consuming products.

Relating to or characteristic of a colony or colonialism, especially involving the control of one country by another.

As much as can be carried in one or both arms.

a large domesticated mammal used for riding and pulling loads

in a way that relates to history or past events

a bright red color with a slightly orange tinge

An electric appliance used to remove wrinkles from clothes by applying heat and pressure

A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a chemical reaction.

an unnatural behavior or speech intended to impress others

A person who smokes tobacco or other substances

A deep, strong desire or craving.

Relating to the ear or hearing.

to make an abrupt, unsteady, or uncontrolled movement; a sudden movement or stagger

Relating to bile or an ill-tempered, irritable disposition.

A three-pronged spear, often associated with Neptune or Poseidon.

cheap and showy but of poor quality

to treat or regard with disdain, scorn, or contempt

demanding immediate action or attention; urgent

to experience an emotion or physical sensation; to touch something

to act or plead on behalf of someone in difficulty or trouble; to intervene between parties to help resolve a dispute

A person to whom a right, property, or responsibility is transferred.

having or producing the charm, beauty, or power of magic

having high moral qualities; honorable; generous; of aristocratic birth

a famous female singer; a woman who is admired or behaves like a star

a green, bumpy vegetable with a very bitter taste, known for its medicinal properties

A colorless, odorless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air.

to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship

the number equal to 10 hundred or 1,000

Not able to be seen through; not transparent; difficult to understand.

A form of tourism involving responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.

the part of a garment that covers the arm

to completely remove or destroy something unwanted

a picture or diagram made with a pencil, pen, or crayons rather than paint

A room in which classes are held in a school or college.

designed to cause fires or stir up conflict

impossible to conceive or imagine; beyond belief or consideration

Turned into bone or become rigid; unwilling to change.

calm and in control of oneself; made up of or formed from

A convent or building where nuns live and work.

the kinds of food that a person usually eats