impasse
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C1 noun /ˈɪm.pæs/

impasse

Meaning
A situation where no progress is possible.
Example
The negotiations reached an impasse, delaying the agreement.
C1 noun /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃən/

inclination

Meaning
A natural tendency or urge to act or feel in a particular way.
Example
She has an inclination towards helping others.
B2 verb /ɪnˈflɪkt/

inflict

Meaning
to cause something unpleasant or painful to be suffered by someone or something
Example
The storm inflicted considerable damage to the city.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

Meaning
to imprison or confine someone
Example
The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪələt/

inviolate

Meaning
free from violation, injury, or desecration; kept safe and untouched
Example
The ancient temple remained inviolate for centuries.
C2 adjective /ˈɪndələnt/

indolent

Meaning
Wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.
Example
The indolent cat slept in the sun all afternoon.
C2 adjective/noun /ɪnˈkɑːrnədiːn/

incarnadine

Meaning
a bright crimson or pinkish-red color
Example
The sky turned incarnadine at sunset.
C2 adverb /ˈaɪsɪli/

icily

Meaning
In a very cold, unfriendly, or hostile manner.
Example
She replied icily to his question.
B2 verb /ɪmˈpoʊzd/

imposed

Meaning
forced something to be accepted or put in place
Example
The government imposed new regulations on the industry.
C1 noun ˌɪntədɪˈpɛndənsi

interdependency

Meaning
The dependence of two or more people or things on each other.
Example
The interdependency of the countries led to greater cooperation.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdaɪt/

indict

Meaning
to formally accuse someone of committing a serious crime
Example
The grand jury decided to indict the politician for corruption.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtræk.tə.bəl/

intractable

Meaning
Difficult or impossible to manage, control, or solve.
Example
The conflict has become an intractable problem.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.ənt/

indifferent

Meaning
having no particular interest or concern; not caring one way or another
Example
She was indifferent to the outcome of the match.
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
B1 adjective /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/

impolite

Meaning
Not showing good manners; rude.
Example
It is impolite to interrupt someone while they are speaking.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən/

indigestion

Meaning
Discomfort or pain in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food.
Example
He avoided spicy food because it often gave him indigestion.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnæprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

inapprehensible

Meaning
not understandable; incomprehensible
Example
The concept was so abstract that it seemed inapprehensible to most students.
C2 noun /ˈɪɡ.nəˌmɪn.i/

ignominy

Meaning
Public shame, disgrace, or dishonor.
Example
He lived the rest of his life in ignominy after the scandal.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/

impediments

Meaning
A hindrance or obstruction in doing something; things that prevent progress or achievement.
Example
Economic impediments often hinder social development.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.ʌnˈdeɪ.ʃən/

inundation

Meaning
The act of flooding or overwhelming with water or things.
Example
The town suffered from a severe inundation after the heavy rains.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜː.mə.nəns/

impermanence

Meaning
The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.
Example
The philosophy of Buddhism emphasizes the impermanence of life.
B1 noun /ɪnˈstrʌktər/

instructor

Meaning
A person who teaches a subject or skill.
Example
The driving instructor was very patient with new learners.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/

incongruous

Meaning
Not fitting in with or suitable for the surroundings.
Example
His jokes were incongruous during the serious meeting.
C1 adjective ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl

inexhaustible

Meaning
Unable to be used up or worn out; limitless.
Example
His inexhaustible energy allowed him to work tirelessly on his projects.
B1 verb /ˌɪntərˈækt/

interact

Meaning
to communicate or work together with someone or something
Example
Students interact with teachers during class discussions.
B1 verb /ɪmˈprɛs/

impress

Meaning
to cause someone to feel admiration or respect
Example
Her speech managed to impress the audience.
C2 adjective /ˌɪɡ.nəˈmɪn.i.əs/

ignominious

Meaning
Marked by shame, disgrace, or humiliation.
Example
The team suffered an ignominious defeat in the finals.
A2 pronoun /ɪtˈsɛlf/

itself

Meaning
Used to emphasize the thing just mentioned; by its own power or effort.
Example
The cat cleaned itself after eating.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt/

Inefficient

Meaning
not achieving maximum productivity; wasteful of time or resources
Example
The old computer system was inefficient and wasted a lot of time.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪələbl/

inviolable

Meaning
never to be broken, dishonored, or violated
Example
Human rights are considered inviolable in modern democracies.
C2 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪʃiˌeɪt/

ingratiate

Meaning
To gain favor or approval by deliberate effort, often in a flattering way.
Example
She tried to ingratiate herself with her boss by complimenting him often.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɒs.tər/

Impostor

Meaning
a person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive others; a fraud
Example
The impostor convinced everyone he was a doctor until his fake credentials were discovered.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplækəbl/

implacable

Meaning
unable to be appeased, calmed, or pacified
Example
The soldiers faced an implacable enemy who refused to surrender.
A2 adjective/noun /ˈɪndiən/

indian

Meaning
Relating to India, its people, or their culture.
Example
She loves Indian food, especially biryani.
B2 adjective /ˈɪmɪnənt/

imminent

Meaning
About to happen; likely to occur very soon.
Example
Dark clouds signaled that a storm was imminent.
B2 noun ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən

integration

Meaning
The action or process of integrating; the process of combining or adding parts to make a unified whole.
Example
Integration of networks will improve global communication.
C1 adjective ɪˈluː.sər.i

illusory

Meaning
Based on illusion; not real although seeming to be.
Example
His sense of security was entirely illusory.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl

indelible

Meaning
Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.
Example
Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.
C1 verb /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

illuminate

Meaning
To light up or make something clearer.
Example
Streetlights illuminate the road at night.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈmiːdiəbl̩/

irremediable

Meaning
Impossible to cure, repair, or remedy.
Example
The damage to the ancient manuscript was irremediable.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɪnsɛns/

incense

Meaning
a substance burned for its sweet smell (noun); to make very angry (verb)
Example
The smell of incense filled the temple, but his rude words incensed her.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈspiːdiənt/

inexpedient

Meaning
Not advisable, suitable, or practical in the circumstances.
Example
It would be inexpedient to invest without proper research.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈɪnstənt/

instant

Meaning
A very short period of time; happening immediately.
Example
He replied in an instant without hesitation.
C1 noun /ˈɪrɪtənt/

irritant

Meaning
something that causes irritation or discomfort
Example
Dust is a common irritant for people with allergies.
A1 pronoun /ɪt/

it

Meaning
used to refer to a thing, animal, or idea previously mentioned or easily identified
Example
It is raining outside.
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
C1 noun /aɪˈdiː.ə.lɪ.zəm/

Idealism

Meaning
the pursuit of high principles and noble goals; unrealistic pursuit of perfection
Example
His youthful idealism motivated him to join various social justice movements.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈseɪʃiət/

insatiate

Meaning
impossible to satisfy; always wanting more
Example
He had an insatiate desire for power.
B2 adjective /ˌɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/

Idiotic

Meaning
extremely stupid; foolish; senseless
Example
His idiotic behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
C2 verb /ˌɪntərˈlɒk/

interlock

Meaning
to fit or connect together securely so that two or more things are joined
Example
The gears interlock to ensure smooth movement of the machine.
B1 adjective /ˈɪnər/

inner

Meaning
Located inside or closer to the center; relating to one’s thoughts or feelings.
Example
She shared her inner thoughts with her best friend.
B1 noun /ˈɪnpʊt/

input

Meaning
information, advice, or data that is put into a system, device, or process
Example
The manager asked for everyone's input on the new project.
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɪəriər/

interior

Meaning
the inside part of something; inner area of a place or object
Example
The interior of the hotel was beautifully decorated.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtruːd/

intrude

Meaning
To enter a place or situation where one is not wanted or not invited.
Example
He felt embarrassed to intrude on their private conversation.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

Meaning
to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone
Example
They imputed the company's success to good leadership.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvælɪdeɪt/

invalidate

Meaning
To make something not valid or legally acceptable.
Example
The new evidence may invalidate the previous ruling.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈses.ənt/

incessant

Meaning
Continuing without pause or interruption; constant.
Example
The incessant noise from the construction site made it hard to concentrate.
C2 noun /ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkrəsi/

idiosyncrasy

Meaning
A distinctive or peculiar characteristic, habit, or mannerism unique to an individual.
Example
One of her idiosyncrasies was humming while working.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkɑːrˈneɪʃən/

incarnation

Meaning
the embodiment of a deity, spirit, or quality in a physical form
Example
The monk was considered the incarnation of compassion.
B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd

integrated

Meaning
Combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole.
Example
Integrated systems optimize efficiency.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/

intermission

Meaning
A pause or break, especially during a performance or event.
Example
The play had a twenty-minute intermission.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

Meaning
useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction
Example
The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

Meaning
the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved
Example
Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.
B1 adverb /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/

increasingly

Meaning
more and more over time
Example
People are increasingly concerned about climate change.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbl̩/

indefatigable

Meaning
persisting tirelessly; incapable of being fatigued
Example
Her indefatigable spirit kept the team motivated during the long project.
A1 pronoun /ɪts/

its

Meaning
Belonging to or associated with a thing previously mentioned.
Example
The company changed its logo last year.
A2 preposition /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

including

Meaning
used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group
Example
Many people attended the event, including students and teachers.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːɡjərəl/

Inaugural

Meaning
marking the beginning of something; first; opening
Example
The president delivered his inaugural speech.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.tə.mə.si/

Intimacy

Meaning
close familiarity or friendship; closeness; a private cozy atmosphere
Example
The couple valued the emotional intimacy they shared more than material possessions.
B2 verb /ˈɪmɪteɪt/

imitate

Meaning
to copy the behavior or manner of someone or something
Example
Children often imitate their parents' behavior.
B2 adjective /aɪˈrɒnɪk/

ironic

Meaning
happening in the opposite way to what is expected, often amusing or sarcastic
Example
It is ironic that the fire station burned down.
C2 noun /ˌɪnəməˈrɑːtə/

inamorata

Meaning
A woman with whom someone is in love; a female lover.
Example
He wrote a poem dedicated to his inamorata.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpʌlʃən/

impulsion

Meaning
a strong urge or drive to act; the act of impelling
Example
His impulsion to travel made him leave his job suddenly.
C2 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈtɜː.bə.bəl

imperturbable

Meaning
Unable to be upset or excited; not easily disturbed.
Example
His imperturbable nature made him a great leader.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtruː.ʒən/

intrusion

Meaning
Unauthorized entry into a system or place without permission
Example
The company detected an intrusion in its server.
C1 adjective /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen.sə.bəl/

indispensable

Meaning
Absolutely necessary, essential
Example
Water is indispensable for human survival.
C2 adjective /ˈɪnfəntaɪl/

infantile

Meaning
characteristic of an infant; childish
Example
His infantile behavior embarrassed everyone at the meeting.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/

intimidate

Meaning
To frighten or overawe someone, especially to make them do what one wants.
Example
The bully tried to intimidate the smaller kids.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɒlərənt/

intolerant

Meaning
unwilling to accept or respect beliefs or behavior different from one's own
Example
He is intolerant of any opinion that differs from his own.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnʃənt/

insentient

Meaning
Lacking perception, consciousness, or sensation.
Example
The rock is an insentient object with no awareness.
B1 noun /ˌɪntərˈækʃən/

interaction

Meaning
The process of people or things acting upon or influencing each other.
Example
The teacher encouraged more interaction between students.
A1 adjective /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/ or /ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ/

interesting

Meaning
Arousing curiosity or attention; holding one’s interest.
Example
The documentary about space was very interesting.
C1 noun ˌɪn.toʊˈneɪ.ʃən

intonation

Meaning
The rise and fall of tone in speech and pronunciation.
Example
Proper intonation enhances the clarity of a speech.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
C1 noun /ˈɪŋ.krə.mənt/

Increment

Meaning
an increase or addition, especially one of a series on a fixed scale; a regular increase in salary
Example
He received an annual increment of five percent in his salary this year.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwɛnʃəl/

inconsequential

Meaning
Not important or significant; too small to matter.
Example
The mistake was minor and inconsequential.
C1 verb ɪˈmɜːrs

immerse

Meaning
To involve oneself deeply in a particular activity or interest; to surround completely.
Example
Immerse yourself in the new language.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈseɪʃəbl̩/

insatiable

Meaning
impossible to satisfy; always wanting more
Example
Her insatiable curiosity drove her to read every book in the library.
C2 adjective /ˈɪnˌbrɛd/

inbred

Meaning
existing naturally in a person or animal; also related to reproduction within a limited community
Example
He has an inbred sense of loyalty.
B1 verb /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/

indicate

Meaning
to point out; to show or suggest; to be a sign of
Example
The red light indicates that you should stop.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
B2 verb /ɪnˈspekt/

inspect

Meaning
to examine something carefully to check for problems or faults
Example
The engineer will inspect the building for structural damage.
C2 noun /ɪnˈkɒnstənsi/

inconstancy

Meaning
The quality of changing frequently or being unreliable.
Example
The inconstancy of the weather makes planning difficult.
B2 verb /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/

isolate

Meaning
To separate something or someone from others.
Example
Doctors tried to isolate the patient to prevent the spread of infection.
B1 noun /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/

ingredient

Meaning
A component part or element of something, especially in a recipe.
Example
Flour is a key ingredient in baking bread.
C2 noun /ɪˈmɒdəsti/

immodesty

Meaning
lack of modesty or decency; behavior or attitude that is overly bold or improper
Example
The article was criticized for its tone of immodesty.
A1 preposition /ɪn/

in

Meaning
expressing the situation of being enclosed or surrounded by something
Example
She is in the kitchen preparing dinner.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrsənl/

impersonal

Meaning
not influenced by, showing, or involving personal feelings; lacking human warmth or emotion
Example
The letter was written in a very impersonal style.
B1 noun ɪnˈven.ʃən

invention

Meaning
The action of inventing something, typically a process or device.
Example
The invention revolutionized communication.
B1 adjective /ˈɪnəsənt/

Innocent

Meaning
free from guilt or sin; pure; harmless; naive
Example
The innocent child had no idea that her parents were planning a surprise party.
C2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətəri/

interrogatory

Meaning
expressed in the form of a question; relating to questioning
Example
The lawyer’s interrogatory tone made the witness uncomfortable.
C1 noun /ɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

imprisonment

Meaning
the act of putting someone in prison; the state of being confined as punishment
Example
He faced imprisonment for violating the court order.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdjələs/

incredulous

Meaning
unwilling or unable to believe something
Example
He gave her an incredulous look when she claimed she could fly.
C2 verb /aɪˈtɪnəˌreɪt/

itinerate

Meaning
To travel from place to place, usually for the purpose of work or preaching.
Example
The missionary itinerated throughout the region to spread the message.
C1 noun /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/

insignificance

Meaning
The quality of being unimportant or trivial.
Example
He felt a sense of insignificance in the vast universe.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

Meaning
Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.
Example
The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.
B2 verb /ɪnˈherɪt/

inherit

Meaning
to receive money, property, or characteristics from someone when they die; to acquire from predecessors
Example
She inherited her grandmother's house.
B2 noun ˈɪn.deks

index

Meaning
An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc. with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a book; a sign or measure of something.
Example
An index organizes critical data.
C2 noun /ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒi/

ichthyology

Meaning
The branch of zoology that deals with fish.
Example
He pursued a degree in ichthyology at the university.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
C1 noun ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl ˈdæmɪdʒ

irreversible damage

Meaning
Harm or injury that cannot be undone or repaired.
Example
Climate change causes irreversible damage to ecosystems.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsənt/

incandescent

Meaning
emitting light as a result of being heated; extremely bright or passionate
Example
The incandescent lamp lit up the entire hall.
C2 noun /aɪˈkɒnəklæst/

iconoclast

Meaning
A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs, traditions, or institutions.
Example
He was known as an iconoclast who challenged old traditions.
C2 adverb /ˌɪnəzˈmʌtʃ/

inasmuch

Meaning
To the extent that; considering that.
Example
Inasmuch as you are their teacher, you should guide them carefully.
B2 noun ɪnˈsɛntɪvz

incentives

Meaning
Things that motivate or encourage one to do something.
Example
Tax incentives are used to encourage investment in renewable energy.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzəbl/

indivisible

Meaning
Not able to be divided or separated.
Example
The country's unity was indivisible despite differences.
B2 noun ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlz

intellectuals

Meaning
People possessing a highly developed intellect; scholars or academics.
Example
Intellectuals protested against the dominance.
B1 verb /ɪnˈkriːst/

increased

Meaning
became greater in size, amount, or degree
Example
The company's revenue increased last year.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

insignificant

Meaning
Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.
Example
The cost was so insignificant that nobody noticed it.