humor
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B1 noun /ˈhjuː.mər/

humor

Meaning
The quality of being amusing or entertaining.
Example
His sense of humor always lightens the mood.
C1 noun /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl miːt/

Palatable meat

Meaning
Meat that is pleasant to taste; appetizing meat dish
Example
The chef prepared palatable meat dishes for the dinner party.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːkəs/

caucus

Meaning
A meeting of members of a political party to select candidates or decide policy.
Example
The party held a caucus to nominate their candidate for president.
C2 noun /ˈɔːtɑːrki/

autarchy

Meaning
A system of self-sufficiency where a state or community is economically independent.
Example
The nation attempted autarchy to reduce reliance on imports.
A2 adverb /ˈfaɪ.nəl.i/

Finally

Meaning
at last; after a long time; in the end; as the last point
Example
After years of hard work, she finally achieved her goal.
B2 noun /rɪˈfjuː.zəl/

Refusal

Meaning
the act of saying no to something or not accepting something
Example
His refusal to cooperate made the project more difficult.
C1 noun /ˈplɛθərə/

plethora

Meaning
an excessive amount of something
Example
She has a plethora of books on her shelf.
B2 adjective /ˈruː.tɪd/

Rooted

Meaning
deeply established; firmly fixed
Example
His beliefs are deeply rooted in tradition.
C2 noun /ˌæŋɡləˈfoʊbiə/

anglophobia

Meaning
Dislike or fear of England, English people, or English culture.
Example
The politician was accused of promoting Anglophobia in his speeches.
A1 verb /drɪŋk/

drink

Meaning
to take liquid into the mouth and swallow it
Example
I drink water every morning.
B1 noun, verb /ˈbændɪdʒ/

bandage

Meaning
a strip of material used to cover or protect a wound; to cover or wrap a wound with such material
Example
The nurse carefully bandaged his injured arm.
C1 adjective /tɛmˈpɛstjuəs/

tempestuous

Meaning
Characterized by strong and turbulent emotions or stormy conditions.
Example
Their tempestuous relationship often swung between love and anger.
B2 noun /ˈreɪsɪzəm/

racism

Meaning
the belief that some races are superior to others, leading to unfair treatment or prejudice
Example
The organization works to eliminate racism in all forms.
A1 adjective/noun /fɔːrθ/

fourth

Meaning
Constituting number four in a sequence; coming after the third in position.
Example
He finished in fourth place in the race.
B1 noun əˈses.mənt

assessment

Meaning
The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.
Example
The assessment process ensures fairness.
A2 noun /ˈæroʊ/

arrow

Meaning
a thin, straight weapon with a pointed tip, shot from a bow
Example
The hunter shot an arrow at the target.
C1 noun /mɪˈlɛniəm/

millennium

Meaning
a period of one thousand years; often used to mark an anniversary
Example
The year 2000 was celebrated as the beginning of a new millennium.
C1 verb /ˈfʌmbəl/

fumble

Meaning
to handle something clumsily or to make mistakes while doing something
Example
He fumbled with the keys and dropped them on the floor.
C1 adjective /prəˈsiːdʒərəl/

procedural

Meaning
Relating to an established or official way of doing something; concerned with procedure.
Example
The committee followed the procedural rules strictly.
B2 adverb /əˈbrʌptli/

Abruptly

Meaning
suddenly and unexpectedly; without warning
Example
The meeting ended abruptly when the power went out.
B2 noun ɔːɡˈmɛn.tɪd riˈæl.ɪ.ti

augmented reality

Meaning
Technology that overlays digital information on the real world environment.
Example
Gaming has been transformed by augmented reality.
C1 verb /ˈdʒɒsl/

jostle

Meaning
to push, elbow, or bump against someone roughly, typically in a crowd
Example
The fans jostled each other to get closer to the stage.
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
C1 noun /θiˈɒlədʒi/

theology

Meaning
The study of the nature of God and religious beliefs.
Example
She is pursuing a degree in theology at the university.
B2 noun /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərər/

manufacturer

Meaning
A person or company that makes goods in large quantities.
Example
The manufacturer produces cars for the global market.
C2 noun /səˈɡæs.ə.t̬i/

sagacity

Meaning
The quality of being sagacious; having or showing keen mental discernment and good judgment.
Example
His sagacity made him a great leader.
C1 noun, verb /ˈfrænʧaɪz/

franchise

Meaning
A legal right to sell or distribute goods or services in a specific area; to grant such a right.
Example
He opened a new fast-food franchise in the city.
C2 noun /ˈdɛskænt/

descant

Meaning
An additional melody or counterpoint sung or played above the main melody.
Example
The choir added a beautiful descant to the hymn.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃʌbi/

chubby

Meaning
slightly fat in a way that looks healthy and pleasant
Example
The baby has chubby cheeks.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmeɪʃieɪtɪd/

emaciated

Meaning
Abnormally thin or weak, usually due to illness or lack of food.
Example
The emaciated dog was rescued from the abandoned house.
C2 noun /ˈɡrɑːtoʊ/

grotto

Meaning
a small picturesque cave, often artificial
Example
Tourists visited the grotto hidden behind the waterfall.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

Meaning
Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.
Example
The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.
C1 adjective /ˈstɔːlwərt/

stalwart

Meaning
Loyal, reliable, and hardworking; strongly built or sturdy.
Example
She has always been a stalwart supporter of the community.
B2 adjective /dɪˈsɛptɪv/

deceptive

Meaning
Giving an appearance or impression different from the truth; misleading.
Example
Appearances can be deceptive.
C2 verb /kædʒ/

cadge

Meaning
To beg or obtain something, especially food or money, without paying for it.
Example
He tried to cadge a free meal from the restaurant.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈfeɪnd/

unfeigned

Meaning
genuine; not pretended or insincere
Example
She expressed unfeigned joy at her friend's success.
C1 noun /ˈmɛm.breɪn/

membrane

Meaning
A thin layer of tissue or material that covers, separates, or connects structures.
Example
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɔːnti/

jaunty

Meaning
Having a lively, cheerful, and self-confident manner or appearance.
Example
He walked into the room with a jaunty step.
B2 noun /ˈskriːnɪŋ/

screening

Meaning
the act of examining or testing people to detect disease or evaluate suitability; a showing of a movie or program
Example
The hospital offered free health screening for all employees.
B2 adjective /ˈtrʌblsəm/

Troublesome

Meaning
causing difficulty or annoyance; problematic
Example
The troublesome student disrupted the class again.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈbæləns/

Unbalanced

Meaning
not balanced; lacking stability or equilibrium; mentally unstable
Example
The unbalanced table kept wobbling.
C2 adjective /ˈdɔːnt.ləs/

dauntless

Meaning
Showing fearlessness and determination; brave and resolute.
Example
The dauntless soldier fought against all odds.
B1 adjective /peɪl/

Pale

Meaning
having a light color; lacking brightness or vividness; weak or faint
Example
She looked pale after being sick for a week.
C2 noun /ˌsuːdəˈnɪmɪti/

pseudonymity

Meaning
the practice or state of using a pseudonym
Example
The author maintained pseudonymity throughout her career.
B2 noun ˈtrækɪŋ ˈprɒɡrɛs

tracking progress

Meaning
The process of monitoring and evaluating advancement towards goals or objectives.
Example
Regular tracking progress helps in achieving long-term goals.
C1 noun /blæk sɔːlt/

Black Salt

Meaning
a type of rock salt with a distinctive sulfuric flavor, commonly used in Indian cuisine
Example
Add a pinch of black salt to enhance the flavor of the fruit salad.
C1 adjective /ˈviːnəs/

venous

Meaning
relating to the veins that carry blood to the heart
Example
The doctor examined the patient’s venous circulation.
C2 noun /pɪˈnɒlədʒi/

penology

Meaning
The study of prison management and criminal rehabilitation.
Example
He decided to specialize in penology to help improve the prison system.
B1 noun /ˈwelˌbiː.ɪŋ/

well-being

Meaning
The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.
Example
Eye lubrication is crucial for overall well-being.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuː.zi/

Choosey/Choosy

Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective; particular about what one likes or accepts
Example
He's very choosy about the restaurants where he eats.
C2 noun /prəˈtuːbərəns/

protuberance

Meaning
A rounded swelling or lump on a surface.
Example
The doctor examined the small protuberance on his arm.
B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənts

advancements

Meaning
The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement.
Example
Scientific advancements enhance global innovation.
C1 adjective /koʊˈɜːrsɪv/

coercive

Meaning
Relating to or using force or threats to make someone do something.
Example
The government faced criticism for adopting coercive measures against protestors.
C1 noun /ˈpɑːr.keɪ/

parquet

Meaning
A floor made of wooden blocks arranged in a geometric pattern.
Example
The old mansion had a beautiful parquet floor.
C1 noun /læps/

Lapse

Meaning
a temporary failure of concentration, memory, or judgment; the termination of a right or privilege
Example
There was a brief lapse in security that allowed the intruder to enter the building.
B2 adjective /ˈhɑlːoʊ/

Hollow

Meaning
having an empty space inside; lacking substance or meaning; insincere
Example
The hollow tree trunk provided shelter for small animals.
C2 noun /ˈkɔːrnɪs/

cornice

Meaning
an ornamental molding around the wall of a room just below the ceiling
Example
The elegant cornice added a classical touch to the living room.
A2 noun /ˈpækɪdʒ/

package

Meaning
a container or wrapping in which something is packed
Example
He received a package in the mail.
C1 noun ˈwaɪldlaɪf ˈkɔːrɪdɔːrz

wildlife corridors

Meaning
Areas of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures.
Example
Wildlife corridors connect fragmented habitats, enabling species migration.
C1 verb /ˌæprɪˈhɛnd/

apprehend

Meaning
to arrest or seize someone; to understand or perceive something
Example
The police managed to apprehend the thief after a long chase.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
B2 noun /pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti/

Publicity

Meaning
public attention or notice given to someone or something; advertising or promotion
Example
The movie received a lot of publicity before its release.
B2 noun /ˈkjuː.bɪ.kəl/

cubicle

Meaning
A small partitioned-off area of a room, typically in an office.
Example
She works in a cubicle with three other colleagues.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
C1 noun /ˈmɒŋ.ɡuːs/

Mongoose

Meaning
a small carnivorous mammal known for its ability to kill venomous snakes
Example
The mongoose quickly attacked the cobra to protect its young.
C1 adjective /ɒmˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Omnivorous

Meaning
eating both plants and animals; feeding on various kinds of food
Example
Bears are omnivorous animals that eat both plants and meat.
C2 adjective /ɪˈpɪstələri/

epistolary

Meaning
Related to the writing of letters; expressed in or through letters.
Example
The novel is written in an epistolary style, consisting of letters between characters.
B2 noun /ˈdrɔː.bæk/

Drawback

Meaning
a feature that renders something less acceptable; a disadvantage or problem
Example
The main drawback of living in the city is the high cost of housing.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrbərɪˌkʌltʃər/

arboriculture

Meaning
the cultivation and management of trees and shrubs
Example
He studied arboriculture to improve urban green spaces.
C1 adjective ˈdɪs.pər.ət

disparate

Meaning
containing elements very different from one another.
Example
Their opinions were disparate, leading to debates.
B2 adjective /plʌmp/

plump

Meaning
having a full, rounded shape; pleasantly fat
Example
The cat was plump and well-fed.
B2 noun /ˈmɒtəʊ/

motto

Meaning
A short sentence or phrase that expresses a guiding belief or principle.
Example
Her motto in life is 'never give up.'
B1 noun, verb /toʊn/

tone

Meaning
the general character or attitude of a place, piece of writing, situation, etc.
Example
The tone of the letter was very formal.
B1 noun /ˈsɜːvənt/

servant

Meaning
a person who performs duties for others, especially in a household
Example
The servant opened the door for the guests.
C2 adjective /əˈkɜːrsɪd/

accursed

Meaning
Doomed, detestable, or under a curse.
Example
The villagers avoided the accursed house on the hill.
C2 noun /ˈlɪtəni/

litany

Meaning
a long, repetitive, or tedious account or list; originally a form of prayer
Example
The politician gave a litany of promises during the campaign.
A2 noun /ˈmɪljən/

million

Meaning
the number equivalent to one thousand thousand (1,000,000)
Example
The movie earned over a million dollars in its first week.
C1 noun /pɔl/

Pall

Meaning
a cloth spread over a coffin; a dark covering that creates a gloomy atmosphere
Example
A pall of smoke hung over the burning building.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒndaɪn/

condign

Meaning
deserved, appropriate, and fitting (especially punishment)
Example
The criminal received condign punishment for his crimes.
B2 adjective /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl/

fundamental

Meaning
forming a necessary base or core; of central importance
Example
Honesty is a fundamental principle of good leadership.
A1 adverb /tuː/

too

Meaning
to a higher degree than is desirable, permissible, or possible
Example
She is too tired to continue working.
A2 verb /bɜːrn/

burn

Meaning
to be on fire; to damage with fire or heat
Example
The candle will burn for several hours.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmækjələt/

immaculate

Meaning
perfectly clean, neat, or free from flaws
Example
Her room was immaculate, with everything in its place.
C2 noun /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡ/

pedagogue

Meaning
a teacher, especially a strict or formal one
Example
The old pedagogue insisted on discipline in the classroom.
C2 adjective /ˈbrɪndl̩d/

brindled

Meaning
Having a brownish or tawny color with streaks or spots of another color.
Example
The farmer owned a brindled cow with distinctive stripes.
B1 adjective /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnd/

determined

Meaning
Having firmly decided to do something and not letting anything stop you.
Example
She was determined to finish her studies despite many obstacles.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
A1 noun /ˈmjuːzɪk/

music

Meaning
vocal or instrumental sounds combined to produce harmony, melody, or rhythm
Example
She loves listening to classical music.
C2 adjective /ˌpɑːrsɪˈmoʊniəs/

parsimonious

Meaning
unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy
Example
The company was too parsimonious to invest in better equipment.
C1 noun /fæd/

fad

Meaning
a temporary fashion or trend; a short-lived craze
Example
The new diet became a popular fad among teenagers.
A2 noun /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

clothing

Meaning
items worn to cover the body; apparel collectively
Example
Warm clothing is essential in winter.
A1 determiner/pronoun/conjunction/adverb /ˈaɪðər/ or /ˈiːðər/

either

Meaning
Used to indicate a choice between two alternatives.
Example
You can either call me tonight or send me an email.
B1 noun /kæmˈpeɪn/

Campaign

Meaning
an organized course of action to achieve a particular goal; a series of military operations
Example
The environmental campaign successfully raised awareness about climate change.
B2 adjective ɪkˈsplɪsɪt

explicit

Meaning
Stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
Example
The instructions were explicit, leaving no room for confusion.
C2 noun /ˌperəˈreɪʃən/

peroration

Meaning
The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.
Example
The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically.
B1 noun /blæk ˈber.i/

Black berry

Meaning
a small dark purple or black fruit that grows on bushes
Example
We picked fresh blackberries from the garden for our pie.
C1 noun /ˈpærəbl/

parable

Meaning
A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.
Example
Jesus often taught using a parable to convey deeper truths.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæs.tɪ.ti/

Chastity

Meaning
the practice of refraining from extramarital or premarital sexual relations; sexual purity
Example
Many religious traditions value chastity as a virtue of moral purity.
B2 noun /ˈfɪks.tʃər/

fixture

Meaning
a permanent or fixed object, often in a house or building
Example
The bathroom fixture was installed yesterday.
C2 noun dɪsˈbɜːs.mənt

disbursement

Meaning
The payment of money from a fund.
Example
The company's disbursement of salaries was delayed.
B1 noun /tɜːm/

term

Meaning
a word or phrase used to describe a thing or to express a concept
Example
The term 'machine learning' is commonly used in technology.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈveləpt/

Undeveloped

Meaning
not yet developed; immature or primitive
Example
The undeveloped land was later turned into a park.
C1 noun /kənˈsɜːvəˌtɔːri/

conservatory

Meaning
A greenhouse for growing plants or a school for music and the arts.
Example
They grew exotic plants in the conservatory.
C2 noun /ˌkiː.təʊˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

ketogenesis

Meaning
The metabolic process by which the liver produces ketones from fatty acids, providing an alternative energy source during low carbohydrate availability.
Example
Ketogenesis occurs during fasting or low-carb diets.
A2 noun /ˈkælɪndər/

calendar

Meaning
a system for organizing days, months, and years; a chart showing days of the year
Example
She marked her birthday on the calendar.
C2 noun /ˈklærɪən/

Clarion

Meaning
a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet; a medieval trumpet with a clear piercing tone
Example
The clarion sounded across the battlefield to signal the charge.
C2 adjective /ˌɛvəˈnɛsənt/

evanescent

Meaning
Quickly fading or disappearing; lasting for only a very short time.
Example
The beauty of the sunset was evanescent, fading within minutes.
C2 noun /ˈpælɪmpsɛst/

palimpsest

Meaning
a manuscript or document that has been written over but still bears traces of earlier writing; something reused or altered but still retaining traces of its earlier form
Example
The ancient manuscript was a palimpsest, showing faint traces of previous texts beneath the new writing.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊkəbəl/

vocable

Meaning
a word, term, or sound that has meaning
Example
The dictionary contained thousands of vocables from different languages.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈɡeɪnli/

ungainly

Meaning
Awkward, clumsy, or lacking grace in movement or appearance.
Example
The tall boy moved in an ungainly manner.
C1 noun /ˌɑːk.sɪˈmɔːr.ɒn/

oxymoron

Meaning
a figure of speech where two contradictory terms are combined
Example
The phrase 'deafening silence' is a classic oxymoron.
C1 verb /prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

procrastinate

Meaning
To delay or postpone action; to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness.
Example
He tends to procrastinate when facing difficult tasks.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmens/

Immense

Meaning
extremely large or great; huge
Example
The immense mountain range stretched across the horizon.
A2 noun /ˈmoʊ.tər ˌsaɪ.kəl/

Motor Cycle

Meaning
a two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine
Example
He rides his motorcycle to work every day.
C1 noun ˈtɑksɪk ɪˈmɪʃənz

toxic emissions

Meaning
Harmful or poisonous substances released into the environment, especially the atmosphere.
Example
Toxic emissions from vehicles pollute the atmosphere.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Indignity

Meaning
treatment or circumstances that cause one to feel shame or loss of dignity; humiliation
Example
She refused to suffer the indignity of being searched without proper cause.
C1 verb /ˈrɛlɪɡeɪt/

relegate

Meaning
to assign to a lower rank, position, or category
Example
The manager decided to relegate the player to the bench.
A1 noun /roʊd/

road

Meaning
a wide way leading from one place to another
Example
We drove along the road to the village.
A2 noun /əˈpɪə.rəns/

Appearance

Meaning
the way that someone or something looks; an act of performing or participating in a public event
Example
Her appearance at the event surprised everyone.
B2 adjective /ˈskeptɪkəl/

Sceptical

Meaning
having doubts; not easily convinced; questioning the truth of something
Example
Many scientists remain sceptical about the new theory.