grudge
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C1 noun/verb /ɡrʌdʒ/

grudge

Meaning
A persistent feeling of ill will or resentment from a past insult or injury.
Example
She still holds a grudge against him for what happened years ago.
B1 noun ɡrəʊθ

Growth

Meaning
The process of increasing in physical size, number, value, or strength.
Example
Economic growth improves living conditions.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪn/

genuine

Meaning
real and authentic; not fake or artificial
Example
This is a genuine leather bag.
B1 adjective /ˈɡreɪt.fəl/

Grateful

Meaning
thankful; appreciative;
Example
I am grateful for your kindness and support.
B1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.bɪdʒ/

Garbage

Meaning
waste material; refuse or litter; something worthless or meaningless
Example
Please take out the garbage before the collection truck arrives tomorrow morning.
B2 noun /ˈɡuːs.ber.i/

Gooseberry

Meaning
a small round green or red berry that grows on a thorny bush
Example
Gooseberries are rich in vitamin C and make excellent jams.
C2 verb /dʒaɪb/

gibe

Meaning
To make insulting or mocking remarks; to taunt.
Example
The fans gibed at the losing team.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɒs.oʊ.vər/

glossover

Meaning
an informal or non-standard variant of 'gloss over', meaning to ignore or minimize something
Example
He tried to glossover his mistakes during the meeting.
B2 noun/verb /ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/

grazing

Meaning
The act of animals eating grass in a field; also lightly touching or scraping against something.
Example
Cows were grazing peacefully in the meadow.
B2 noun /ˈɡʌv.ən.əns/

governance

Meaning
The action or manner of governing and controlling a state or organization.
Example
Effective governance ensures sustainable development.
C1 adjective /dʒəˈnɛrɪk/

generic

Meaning
characteristic of or relating to a whole group or class; not specific
Example
This medicine is available in generic form.
B2 noun /dʒɜːm/

germ

Meaning
a microscopic organism, especially one that causes disease
Example
Washing your hands helps prevent the spread of germs.
C2 adjective /ˈɡær.ə.ləs/

Garrulous

Meaning
excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters; chatty and rambling in speech
Example
The garrulous old man at the coffee shop would talk for hours about his travels.
C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪər/

gyre

Meaning
A circular or spiral motion or form, especially a giant circular oceanic surface current.
Example
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is trapped in a gyre.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛntəl/

gentle

Meaning
Kind, mild, or tender in nature or behavior
Example
He was always gentle with children.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɪt.ər.ɪŋ/

Glittering

Meaning
shining with bright light; sparkling; brilliant;
Example
The glittering stars filled the clear night sky.
A2 noun /ɡoʊld/

Gold

Meaning
a precious yellow metallic element; jewelry or ornaments made of gold
Example
The gold bracelet sparkled in the sunlight.
C1 noun /ɡrəˈfiː.ti/

Graffiti

Meaning
writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place
Example
The subway walls were covered with colorful graffiti created by local street artists.
A2 noun /ɡlʌv/

glove

Meaning
A covering for the hand with separate parts for the fingers and thumb.
Example
She wore gloves to protect her hands from the cold.
B2 adjective ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl

gradual

Meaning
Taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees.
Example
Gradual changes are more sustainable.
C2 noun /ˈɡɒz.lɪŋ/

gosling

Meaning
a young goose
Example
The mother goose carefully protected her goslings.
C1 verb /ɡliːn/

glean

Meaning
to collect or gather slowly and bit by bit, especially information or crops left after harvest
Example
The journalist gleaned facts from several sources.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnərəs/

generous

Meaning
willing to give or share more than is necessary; kind and giving
Example
She is very generous with her time and money.
C2 adjective /ɡoʊʃ/

gauche

Meaning
lacking social grace, sensitivity, or tact; awkward
Example
His gauche remarks embarrassed everyone at the dinner party.
C2 adjective /ˈɡaɪlləs/

guileless

Meaning
Innocent and without deceit
Example
Her guileless smile won everyone’s heart.
A1 interjection;noun /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/

goodbye

Meaning
a polite expression used when leaving or ending a conversation; the act of parting
Example
She waved and said goodbye before leaving the station.
B1 noun /ˈɡædʒ.ɪt/

gadget

Meaning
A small mechanical or electronic device with a particular function, often novel or useful.
Example
He loves buying the latest kitchen gadgets.
B1 noun /ˈɡrændsʌn/

grandson

Meaning
the son of one's son or daughter
Example
His grandson visits him every weekend.
C1 noun /ˈɡæm.ət/

gamut

Meaning
The complete range or scope of something.
Example
Her emotions ran the gamut from joy to sorrow in just a few minutes.
B2 noun /ɡreɪs/

grace

Meaning
simple elegance or refined movement; goodwill and kindness
Example
She moved with grace across the stage.
C1 adjective /ˈɡriːvəs/

grievous

Meaning
Causing great pain, suffering, or sorrow.
Example
The accident was a grievous blow to the community.
A2 adjective, noun /ɡreɪ/

gray

Meaning
A color between black and white; also describes dull or gloomy situations.
Example
The sky turned gray before the storm.
B2 noun /ɡriːnz/

Greens

Meaning
Leafy vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, and cabbage
Example
Eating greens is important for good health.
B2 noun /ɡriːf/

Grief

Meaning
deep sorrow, especially that caused by someone's death; trouble or suffering
Example
The family was overwhelmed with grief after losing their beloved pet.
C2 noun /ɡɑːrˈdiː.ni.ə/

Gardenia

Meaning
a white or yellow fragrant flower with waxy petals
Example
The gardenia bush produced beautiful white flowers with a lovely scent.
C2 verb /dʒɛˈstɪkjʊleɪt/

gesticulate

Meaning
to use gestures, especially dramatic ones, instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words
Example
He gesticulated wildly to get their attention.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlæm.ər.əs/

Glamorous

Meaning
having glamour; attractive in an exciting way; fashionable;
Example
The actress looked glamorous in her designer gown at the awards ceremony.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræf.ɪk/

Graphic

Meaning
relating to visual design; vivid; clearly described;
Example
The graphic design was colorful and eye-catching.
B2 noun /ɡʌlf/

Gulf

Meaning
a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land; a wide gap or difference between people or groups
Example
The Persian Gulf is an important waterway for international shipping and oil transport.
A2 noun /ɡɑːrd/

Guard

Meaning
a person who keeps watch, especially a soldier or police officer; a device worn or fitted to prevent injury
Example
The security guard checked everyone's identification before allowing entry to the building.
C2 noun /ɡɜːrθ/

girth

Meaning
the measurement around the middle of something, especially a person's waist or a tree trunk
Example
The tree's girth measured nearly five feet.
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪ.haʊnd/

Greyhound

Meaning
a tall, thin dog with long legs that can run very fast
Example
The greyhound won the race at the dog track.
B1 noun /ˌɡrædʒ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/

graduation

Meaning
the act of receiving a degree or diploma after completing a course of study
Example
Her parents attended her graduation ceremony with pride.
C2 noun /ˈɡɪni/

guinea

Meaning
A former British gold coin; also refers to Guinea, a country in West Africa
Example
The antique coin was worth one guinea.
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪ.tər/

Grater

Meaning
a kitchen utensil with a rough surface for grating food into small pieces
Example
Use the grater to grate cheese for the pizza.
B2 noun /ˈʒɑːn.rə/

genre

Meaning
a style or category of art, music, or literature
Example
Romance is her favorite genre of movies.
B2 noun /ˈɡlæm.ər/

Glamour

Meaning
an attractive or exciting quality that makes certain people or things seem appealing; alluring charm
Example
The glamour of Hollywood attracted young actors from around the world.
A2 noun /ɡest/

Guest

Meaning
a person who is invited to visit someone's home or attend a particular social occasion
Example
We invited several guests to our wedding celebration last weekend.
B2 adjective /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/

geographical

Meaning
relating to geography; connected with the physical features, location, or characteristics of the Earth or a particular area
Example
The country’s geographical position makes it an important trading hub.
B1 noun /ˈɡræn(d)ˌdɔːtər/

granddaughter

Meaning
the daughter of one’s son or daughter
Example
Her granddaughter visits her every weekend.
C1 adjective /ˈɡʌsti/

gusty

Meaning
characterized by strong, sudden bursts of wind
Example
It was a cold, gusty day by the sea.
C1 verb /ɡleɪz/

glaze

Meaning
to cover with a smooth, shiny surface; to coat with a glossy finish
Example
The chef glazed the cake with chocolate.
B1 noun /ˈdʒen.dər/

Gender

Meaning
either of the two sexes (male and female); the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity
Example
The company promotes gender equality by ensuring equal opportunities for all employees.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɔːr.i.əs/

Glorious

Meaning
magnificent; famous; having great beauty or splendor
Example
The sunset was absolutely glorious.
C1 verb /ɡloʊt/

gloat

Meaning
To take pleasure in someone else's misfortune or to show smug satisfaction.
Example
He couldn't help but gloat over his rival's failure.
C1 noun /ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi/

genealogy

Meaning
The study and tracing of lines of descent or family history.
Example
She spent years researching her family's genealogy.
A2 noun /ɡɑːd/

god

Meaning
a deity; a supreme being believed to control the universe
Example
People in different cultures worship God in various ways.
C1 adjective ˌɡæs.troʊ.ɪnˈtes.tɪ.nəl

gastrointestinal

Meaning
Relating to the stomach and intestines.
Example
Spicy food can cause gastrointestinal issues.
B1 verb /ˈɡɑːsɪp/

gossip

Meaning
to talk about other people's private lives, often in an unkind way
Example
They love to gossip about their neighbors.
B2 adjective /ˈɡɪf.tɪd/

Gifted

Meaning
having exceptional talent or ability; talented;
Example
She is a gifted musician who plays multiple instruments.
C1 noun /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdər/

Gunpowder

Meaning
explosive powder used in guns and fireworks
Example
Gunpowder was invented in ancient China.
C1 adjective /ˈɡruːsəm/

gruesome

Meaning
Causing horror or disgust.
Example
The police discovered a gruesome crime scene.
C2 adjective /dʒɛnˈtiːl/

genteel

Meaning
Polite, refined, or respectable, often in an affected or exaggerated way
Example
She spoke in a genteel manner that impressed the guests.
B2 noun /ˈɡleɪʃər/

glacier

Meaning
a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land
Example
The glacier is slowly melting due to climate change.
B2 noun /ˈɡælən/

gallon

Meaning
a unit of measurement for liquid capacity, equal to 4 quarts or approximately 3.8 liters
Example
He bought a gallon of milk.
C2 verb /nɑːrl/

gnarl

Meaning
To twist into a knotted or distorted form.
Example
The tree roots began to gnarl around the stones.
C2 noun /ɡæsˈtraɪtɪs/

gastritis

Meaning
Inflammation of the lining of the stomach.
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with gastritis after his endoscopy.
B2 adjective /ˈɡreɪ.ʃəs/

Gracious

Meaning
kind; courteous; generous;
Example
She was very gracious and thanked everyone for their help.
B1 verb /ˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

generate

Meaning
to produce or create something
Example
The machine generates electricity.
B1 adverb /ˈdʒen.tli/

Gently

Meaning
in a mild, soft, or careful manner
Example
She gently touched the baby's face.
C2 noun /ˌɡrɛnəˈdɪə/

grenadier

Meaning
A soldier who specialized in throwing grenades; later used to describe an elite infantryman.
Example
The grenadier stood proudly at the front of the regiment.
C2 adjective /ɡrɪˈɡɛəriəs/

gregarious

Meaning
Fond of company; sociable.
Example
She is a gregarious person who loves meeting new people.
B1 noun ˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃənz

Generations

Meaning
All of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively.
Example
The family tree spans several generations.
C1 adjective /ˈɡʌl.ə.bəl/

gullible

Meaning
Easily deceived or tricked.
Example
She was so gullible that she believed every rumor.
C2 noun /ˈɡɑːrɡɔɪl/

gargoyle

Meaning
A carved stone figure, often of a grotesque creature, on a building, typically used as a spout to carry water away.
Example
The ancient cathedral had gargoyles on every corner.
C2 noun /ɡriːn ˈdʒækfruːt/

Green Jackfruit

Meaning
unripe fruit of the jackfruit tree, commonly used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
Green jackfruit is often used in curries and stews.
B2 noun /ɡreɪn/

Grain

Meaning
wheat or any other cultivated cereal crop used as food; a single seed of a cereal
Example
The farmer stored large quantities of grain in the barn after the harvest.
B2 noun/verb /ˈɡlɪtər/

glitter

Meaning
To shine with bright, shimmering light; or decorative sparkles.
Example
Her dress glittered under the stage lights.
B2 noun ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɪˌfɛkt

greenhouse effect

Meaning
The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
Example
The greenhouse effect is increasing global temperatures.
C1 verb/noun /ɡraʊl/

growl

Meaning
To make a low, guttural sound, often in anger (by animals or humans).
Example
The dog growled at the stranger.
B2 adjective /ˈɡrædʒuˌeɪtɪd/

graduated

Meaning
Arranged in steps, levels, or stages; having completed a course of study and received a degree
Example
The scientist used a graduated cylinder to measure the liquid precisely.
B1 noun /ɡɪlt/

Guilt

Meaning
a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in an obligation; responsibility for wrongdoing
Example
She felt overwhelming guilt after forgetting her mother's birthday.
A2 noun /ɡoʊt/

Goat

Meaning
a farm animal with horns that gives milk and meat
Example
The farmer keeps goats for their milk and cheese.
C1 noun /ˌdʒɛr.iˈætrɪks/

geriatrics

Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and care of old people
Example
He specialized in geriatrics to care for the elderly.
C1 noun /ɡeɪl/

Gale

Meaning
a very strong wind; a wind of force 7 to 10 on the Beaufort scale
Example
The fishing boats returned to harbor early due to the approaching gale.
C2 noun /ˈɡɔːntlɪt/

gauntlet

Meaning
a protective glove; a challenge or trial; to 'throw down the gauntlet' means to issue a challenge
Example
The knight threw down his gauntlet as a sign of challenge.
C1 noun /ˈɡlædiˌeɪtər/

gladiator

Meaning
A man trained to fight in public contests in ancient Rome.
Example
The gladiator fought bravely in the arena.
C2 noun /ɡrænˈtiː/

grantee

Meaning
A person or organization that receives a grant or benefit.
Example
The grantee must submit a progress report every six months.
B1 noun /ˈɡaɪ.dəns/

Guidance

Meaning
advice or information aimed at resolving a problem or difficulty; leadership or direction
Example
The teacher provided valuable guidance to help students choose their career paths.
B2 noun ˌɡloʊ.bəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

globalization

Meaning
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
Example
Globalization has connected economies across the world.
C2 adjective /ɡrænˈdɪləkwənt/

grandiloquent

Meaning
Using lofty, pompous, or extravagant language to impress others.
Example
The politician’s grandiloquent speech failed to connect with ordinary people.
C1 noun /ˈɡoʊld.smɪθ/

Goldsmith

Meaning
a person who makes or repairs articles of gold
Example
The goldsmith crafted a beautiful wedding ring.
B2 noun /ˈɡlɔː.ri/

Glory

Meaning
magnificent beauty or splendor; praise, honor, and distinction; a state of absolute happiness
Example
The athlete basked in the glory of winning the Olympic gold medal.
A2 adjective /ɡlæd/

Glad

Meaning
happy; pleased; delighted;
Example
I am glad to see you after such a long time.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɒsi/

glossy

Meaning
Shiny and smooth in appearance; attractive on the surface but sometimes lacking depth.
Example
She bought a glossy magazine from the store.
B2 adjective /ɡeɪ/

gay

Meaning
sexually attracted to people of the same sex; also used to mean cheerful or lively
Example
He came out as gay during college.
B1 noun /ɡuːs/

Goose

Meaning
large waterbird with a long neck and webbed feet
Example
The goose swam gracefully across the pond.
C2 noun /ˈɡleɪziər/

glazier

Meaning
a person whose job is to fit glass into windows and doors
Example
The glazier repaired the broken window in our house.
C1 verb /ˈɡælvənaɪz/

galvanize

Meaning
to shock or excite someone into taking action; to coat iron or steel with a protective layer of zinc
Example
The speech galvanized the crowd into action.
A2 noun /ɡəˈrɑːʒ/

Garage

Meaning
a building or space for housing a motor vehicle; a commercial establishment for repairing motor vehicles
Example
He parked his car in the garage to protect it from the hailstorm.
C2 adjective /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli/

gangly

Meaning
Tall, thin, and awkward in movement or appearance.
Example
The gangly teenager stumbled while trying to dance.
B2 adjective /ɡəʊl ɔːˈrɪəntɪd/

goal-oriented

Meaning
Focused on achieving specific objectives or targets; driven by clear aims.
Example
Being goal-oriented is crucial for achieving success.
C2 adjective /ˈɡɔːki/

gawky

Meaning
Awkward and clumsy in appearance or behavior.
Example
The teenager felt gawky in his oversized suit.
C2 noun /ˈɡʊrmənd/

gourmand

Meaning
A person who enjoys eating a lot or has a great appetite for food.
Example
As a true gourmand, he never missed an opportunity to try new dishes.
C2 noun /ɡiː/

Ghee

Meaning
clarified butter used in South Asian cooking
Example
She used ghee instead of butter for cooking the rice.
C2 verb /ˈɡrʌvəl/

grovel

Meaning
To act in an excessively humble or submissive way to gain favor.
Example
He groveled before his boss to avoid punishment.
B1 noun/verb /ˌɡærənˈtiː/

guarantee

Meaning
a formal promise or assurance, especially about the quality or durability of a product
Example
The company guarantees a refund if the product is faulty.
B2 noun /ˈɡwɑːvə/

Guava

Meaning
a tropical fruit with sweet pink or white flesh and small seeds
Example
I love eating fresh guava from the tree in our garden.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɛntri/

gentry

Meaning
People of good social position, usually of high birth or wealthy landowners
Example
The gentry of the town gathered for the annual ball.
A1 verb /ɡoʊ/

go

Meaning
to move or travel from one place to another
Example
I go to school every day.
C2 noun /ɡænˈdʒɛtɪk liːf fɪʃ/

Gangetic Leaf Fish

Meaning
a small freshwater fish species found in the Ganges river system, known for its leaf-like appearance
Example
The Gangetic Leaf Fish is commonly found in the rivers of Bangladesh.
B2 verb /ɡrænt/

grant

Meaning
to give or allow someone to have; to admit or agree
Example
The university granted him a scholarship.
A1 verb /ɡet/

get

Meaning
to obtain, receive, or acquire something
Example
I need to get some milk from the store.
C2 noun, adjective /ˈɡɒsəmər/

gossamer

Meaning
Something light, thin, and delicate, like a fine fabric or cobweb.
Example
The bride's veil was made of delicate gossamer fabric.
B2 noun /ˈɡræs.hɒp.ər/

Grass-hopper

Meaning
a jumping insect with long hind legs that feeds on grass and plants
Example
The grasshopper jumped from one leaf to another.
B2 noun /dʒiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

geology

Meaning
the science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substances
Example
She studied geology to understand earthquakes.
A2 verb /ˈɡæðər/

gather

Meaning
to come together or collect in one place; to assemble
Example
People gather in the park for the festival.
C1 adjective /ˈɡruːəlɪŋ/

grueling

Meaning
Extremely tiring and demanding.
Example
The athletes faced a grueling training session.
B2 adjective dʒəˈnet.ɪk

genetic

Meaning
Relating to genes or heredity; concerning the transmission of inherited characteristics.
Example
Genetic traits influence physical characteristics.
C1 noun /ɡæsˈtrɒnəmi/

gastronomy

Meaning
The art or science of good eating and fine cuisine.
Example
Paris is famous for its rich tradition of gastronomy.
B2 noun /ɡræm/

Gram

Meaning
chickpea; a leguminous plant and its edible seed
Example
She cooked gram curry for lunch today.