Grief
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B2 noun /ɡriːf/

Grief

Meaning
deep sorrow, especially that caused by someone's death; trouble or suffering
Example
The family was overwhelmed with grief after losing their beloved pet.
B2 adjective ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl

gradual

Meaning
Taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees.
Example
Gradual changes are more sustainable.
A2 noun /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/

geography

Meaning
the study of the Earth’s physical features, climates, populations, and the relationships between people and their environments
Example
She studies geography to understand how landscapes and human societies interact.
C2 adjective /ɡrɪˈɡɛəriəs/

gregarious

Meaning
Fond of company; sociable.
Example
She is a gregarious person who loves meeting new people.
B1 verb /ɡræb/

grab

Meaning
To seize something quickly and firmly.
Example
He tried to grab the ball before it rolled away.
C1 noun /ˈɡæloʊz/

gallows

Meaning
A structure used for hanging criminals who have been sentenced to death.
Example
The criminal was led to the gallows at dawn.
C1 noun /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdər/

Gunpowder

Meaning
explosive powder used in guns and fireworks
Example
Gunpowder was invented in ancient China.
C2 adjective /ˈɡlɑːbjələr/

globular

Meaning
Having the shape of a globe; spherical.
Example
The scientist studied the globular cluster of stars.
C1 noun /ˈɡriːvəns/

grievance

Meaning
A real or imagined cause for complaint, especially unfair treatment.
Example
The workers voiced their grievances to the management.
C1 noun /ˈɡeɪ.ə.ti/

Gaiety

Meaning
the state or quality of being light-hearted or cheerful; festive atmosphere
Example
The wedding reception was filled with gaiety, laughter, and joyful celebrations.
B1 noun /ˈɡæl.ər.i/

Gallery

Meaning
a room or building for the display or sale of works of art; an area for spectators
Example
The art gallery featured paintings by famous local and international artists.
C1 adjective /ˈdʒen.ɪ.təl/

genital

Meaning
relating to the reproductive organs
Example
The doctor explained the importance of genital hygiene.
B2 noun /ˈɡlɔː.ri/

Glory

Meaning
magnificent beauty or splendor; praise, honor, and distinction; a state of absolute happiness
Example
The athlete basked in the glory of winning the Olympic gold medal.
C1 verb/noun /ɡraʊl/

growl

Meaning
To make a low, guttural sound, often in anger (by animals or humans).
Example
The dog growled at the stranger.
C2 noun /ˈɡeɪm.stər/

gamester

Meaning
A person who plays games, especially one who plays them skillfully or professionally.
Example
The old tavern was filled with gamesters competing in cards and dice.
B1 adjective /ˈɡɪl.ti/

Guilty

Meaning
having committed a crime or offense; feeling responsible for wrongdoing
Example
She felt guilty about lying to her parents.
C2 noun/verb /ɡraʊtʃ/

grouch

Meaning
a person who complains a lot or to complain in a grumpy way
Example
He is such a grouch in the morning before coffee.
C1 noun /ˈɡlædiˌeɪtər/

gladiator

Meaning
A man trained to fight in public contests in ancient Rome.
Example
The gladiator fought bravely in the arena.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪn/

genuine

Meaning
real and authentic; not fake or artificial
Example
This is a genuine leather bag.
B2 noun dʒəˈnet.ɪks

genetics

Meaning
The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Example
Genetics plays a pivotal role in healthcare advancements.
C2 verb /næʃ/

gnash

Meaning
to grind or strike the teeth together, often in anger or frustration
Example
He began to gnash his teeth in rage.
C1 noun /ˌdʒerənˈtɑːlədʒi/

gerontology

Meaning
The scientific study of old age and the process of aging.
Example
She chose to specialize in gerontology after completing medical school.
C2 adjective /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli/

gangly

Meaning
Tall, thin, and awkward in movement or appearance.
Example
The gangly teenager stumbled while trying to dance.
A1 noun /ˈɡɜːrlfrɛnd/

girlfriend

Meaning
A woman or girl with whom someone is romantically or emotionally involved.
Example
He introduced his girlfriend to his family.
B2 noun /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/

greenhouse

Meaning
a glass building used for growing plants, especially in cold climates
Example
The farmers built a large greenhouse to grow tomatoes in the winter.
C2 noun /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɒkrəsi/

gynecocracy

Meaning
a society or government ruled by women
Example
The ancient tribe was known for its gynecocracy, where women held all positions of power.
B2 noun ˈdʒes.tʃərz

gestures

Meaning
Body movements, especially of hands, face, or body when speaking.
Example
Effective gestures add emphasis to a speech.
C2 verb /ɡɪld/

gild

Meaning
to cover something with a thin layer of gold or to make something appear more attractive than it really is
Example
The craftsman gilded the frame to give it a luxurious look.
B1 noun /ɡuːs/

Goose

Meaning
large waterbird with a long neck and webbed feet
Example
The goose swam gracefully across the pond.
B1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.lɪk/

Garlic

Meaning
a strong-smelling pungent-tasting bulb, used as a flavoring in cooking and in herbal medicine
Example
The recipe calls for three cloves of fresh garlic to enhance the flavor.
C1 noun ˈdʒen.ə.saɪd

genocide

Meaning
The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.
Example
The allegations of genocide raised global concerns.
B1 noun /ˈɡrændsʌn/

grandson

Meaning
the son of one's son or daughter
Example
His grandson visits him every weekend.
C2 adjective /ɡrænˈdɪləkwənt/

grandiloquent

Meaning
Using lofty, pompous, or extravagant language to impress others.
Example
The politician’s grandiloquent speech failed to connect with ordinary people.
C2 noun /ɡriːn pəˈpaɪə/

Green Papaya

Meaning
unripe papaya fruit used as a vegetable in cooking, especially in Asian cuisine
Example
Green papaya salad is a popular dish in Thai cuisine.
A2 adjective /ɡriːk/

greek

Meaning
relating to Greece, its people, or its language
Example
We enjoyed delicious Greek food at the restaurant.
B2 noun /ˈʒɑːn.rə/

genre

Meaning
a style or category of art, music, or literature
Example
Romance is her favorite genre of movies.
B2 noun /ˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Genius

Meaning
exceptional intellectual or creative power or other natural ability; a person who has such ability
Example
Einstein was recognized as a genius for his groundbreaking contributions to physics.
B2 noun /ɡler/

Glare

Meaning
a fierce or angry stare; a strong and dazzling light
Example
The teacher's stern glare silenced the noisy students immediately.
A1 verb /ɡroʊ/

grow

Meaning
to become larger or greater over a period of time; to develop
Example
Plants grow faster in spring.
A1 noun /ɡlæs/

Glass

Meaning
a drinking container made of glass; hard transparent material
Example
He drank a glass of cold water after the workout.
C1 noun dʒəˈnɛt.ɪk ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

genetic modification

Meaning
The process of altering the genetic code of plants or animals.
Example
Genetic modification enhances crop resistance to pests and diseases.
C2 noun /ˈɡævəl/

gavel

Meaning
A small ceremonial mallet used by a judge or an auctioneer to signal attention or mark a decision.
Example
The judge struck the gavel to call the court to order.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪb.ər.ɪʃ/

gibberish

Meaning
Unintelligible or meaningless speech or writing.
Example
He was so nervous that his explanation sounded like gibberish.
B1 adverb /ˈɡlæd.li/

Gladly

Meaning
willingly and with pleasure
Example
I would gladly help you with your homework.
C2 adjective /ˈɡaɪlləs/

guileless

Meaning
Innocent and without deceit
Example
Her guileless smile won everyone’s heart.
A2 verb /ɡriːt/

greet

Meaning
to welcome someone; to say hello
Example
She greeted her guests warmly at the door.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɪsən/

glisten

Meaning
To shine with a sparkling light, often when wet or polished.
Example
The grass glistened with morning dew.
B2 noun /ˈɡuːs.ber.i/

Gooseberry

Meaning
a small round green or red berry that grows on a thorny bush
Example
Gooseberries are rich in vitamin C and make excellent jams.
C1 noun /ɡruːv/

groove

Meaning
a long narrow cut or depression, or a rhythmic pattern in music
Example
The DJ kept the crowd dancing to the groove.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɒsi/

glossy

Meaning
Shiny and smooth in appearance; attractive on the surface but sometimes lacking depth.
Example
She bought a glossy magazine from the store.
C1 verb /ɡoʊd/

goad

Meaning
to provoke, annoy, or urge someone to take action
Example
He tried to goad his opponent into making a mistake.
C1 noun /ˈɡraʊnd kruː/

ground crew

Meaning
a team of people who maintain and service aircraft on the ground
Example
The ground crew prepared the plane for takeoff.
C2 noun /ɡleɪd/

glade

Meaning
An open space in a forest or woods.
Example
They rested in a sunny glade after their long hike.
C1 adjective ɡəˈlæktɪk

galactic

Meaning
Of or relating to a galaxy or galaxies.
Example
The galactic phenomena observed by the telescope were mesmerizing.
C1 adjective /ɡlʌm/

Glum

Meaning
sad; dejected; downcast; gloomy
Example
He looked glum after hearing the bad news.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɒs.oʊ.vər/

glossover

Meaning
an informal or non-standard variant of 'gloss over', meaning to ignore or minimize something
Example
He tried to glossover his mistakes during the meeting.
B2 adjective dʒəˈnet.ɪk

genetic

Meaning
Relating to genes or heredity; concerning the transmission of inherited characteristics.
Example
Genetic traits influence physical characteristics.
C2 noun /ˈɡɜːrdər/

girder

Meaning
a large, strong beam used to support buildings or bridges
Example
The steel girders held the weight of the bridge.
C1 verb/adjective /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

grasping

Meaning
Holding firmly; or (as an adjective) excessively greedy.
Example
The child was grasping her mother’s hand tightly.
C1 verb /ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/

gratify

Meaning
to give pleasure or satisfaction to someone
Example
It gratified him to know his work was appreciated.
C1 noun /ˌdʒenəˈræləti/

generality

Meaning
A vague, non-specific statement or principle that applies broadly.
Example
The speech was full of generalities and lacked concrete details.
B2 verb, noun /ɡrɪn/

grin

Meaning
to smile broadly, often showing teeth
Example
She grinned happily at the good news.
C1 noun /ɡɔːrd/

Gourd

Meaning
a climbing plant with large fruits that have hard shells when dried
Example
The bottle gourd curry was delicious and nutritious.
A2 noun /ɡɑːrd/

Guard

Meaning
a person who keeps watch, especially a soldier or police officer; a device worn or fitted to prevent injury
Example
The security guard checked everyone's identification before allowing entry to the building.
C1 noun /ˈɡær.ɪ.sən/

garrison

Meaning
A body of troops stationed in a particular location, usually to defend it.
Example
The garrison defended the fortress against the invaders.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɪt.ər.ɪŋ/

Glittering

Meaning
shining with bright light; sparkling; brilliant;
Example
The glittering stars filled the clear night sky.
C1 noun /ɡeɪl/

Gale

Meaning
a very strong wind; a wind of force 7 to 10 on the Beaufort scale
Example
The fishing boats returned to harbor early due to the approaching gale.
A2 noun /ɡlʌv/

glove

Meaning
A covering for the hand with separate parts for the fingers and thumb.
Example
She wore gloves to protect her hands from the cold.
C2 noun /ˌɡæskəˈneɪd/

gasconade

Meaning
Extravagant boasting or bragging.
Example
His endless gasconade made him unpopular among his peers.
B1 noun /ɡæp/

gap

Meaning
An empty space or break between two objects or parts; a difference or disparity.
Example
There is a huge gap between the rich and the poor.
C1 noun /dʒɛˈsteɪʃən/

gestation

Meaning
the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth; the development of an idea or plan
Example
The gestation period of an elephant is nearly two years.
B2 noun ˈɡeɪm.pleɪ

gameplay

Meaning
The tactical aspects of a game, such as its plot and the way it is played.
Example
The team's gameplay was innovative.
A1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.dən/

Garden

Meaning
a piece of ground, often near a house, used for growing flowers, fruit, or vegetables
Example
She spent her morning tending to the roses in her beautiful garden.
A2 adjective /ˈdʒɛnərəl/

general

Meaning
Relating to all or most people, things, or situations; not specific.
Example
He made a general comment about the project.
B2 noun /ɡlɪmps/

Glimpse

Meaning
a momentary or partial view; a brief look or sight of something
Example
Through the window, I caught a glimpse of the beautiful garden behind the house.
C1 noun ˌdʒɛriˈætrɪk səˈsaɪəti

geriatric society

Meaning
A society or community where elderly people make up a large proportion of the population
Example
A geriatric society demands specialized healthcare systems.
C1 noun ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs

genesis

Meaning
The origin or mode of formation of something.
Example
The genesis of the internet changed the world forever.
C1 verb /ˈɡlædən/

gladden

Meaning
to make someone happy or bring joy
Example
The news of her recovery gladdened everyone.
B1 noun ɡlæns

glance

Meaning
A quick or brief look.
Example
He glanced at the river and felt calm.
B2 noun /ˈdʒes.tʃər/

Gesture

Meaning
a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning
Example
She made a welcoming gesture with her hands to invite the guests inside.
C2 noun /ˈɡʊrmənd/

gourmand

Meaning
A person who enjoys eating a lot or has a great appetite for food.
Example
As a true gourmand, he never missed an opportunity to try new dishes.
C1 verb /ˈɡælvənaɪz/

galvanize

Meaning
to shock or excite someone into taking action; to coat iron or steel with a protective layer of zinc
Example
The speech galvanized the crowd into action.
C2 adjective /dʒɛnˈtiːl/

genteel

Meaning
Polite, refined, or respectable, often in an affected or exaggerated way
Example
She spoke in a genteel manner that impressed the guests.
C2 adjective /ɡælˈvænɪk/

galvanic

Meaning
Relating to electricity produced by chemical action; sudden and dramatic.
Example
The news had a galvanic effect on the audience.
C2 noun /ˈɡɪni/

guinea

Meaning
A former British gold coin; also refers to Guinea, a country in West Africa
Example
The antique coin was worth one guinea.
C2 noun, adjective /ˈɡɒsəmər/

gossamer

Meaning
Something light, thin, and delicate, like a fine fabric or cobweb.
Example
The bride's veil was made of delicate gossamer fabric.
A2 noun /ˈɡʊdnəs/

goodness

Meaning
the quality of being morally good or virtuous
Example
Her goodness was evident in the way she treated others.
B1 adverb /ˈɡrædʒ.u.ə.li/

Gradually

Meaning
slowly and steadily over a period of time
Example
The weather gradually became warmer in spring.
B2 noun /ɡeɪz/

Gaze

Meaning
a steady intent look; to look steadily and intently in a particular direction
Example
She met his intense gaze across the crowded room and felt her heart skip a beat.
A1 adjective /ɡʊd/

Good

Meaning
satisfactory; pleasant; beneficial; of high quality
Example
She is a good student.
C2 noun /ˈɡæliən/

galleon

Meaning
A large sailing ship used mainly by Europeans from the 16th to 18th centuries.
Example
The Spanish galleon carried treasures across the Atlantic.
A1 verb /ɡes/

guess

Meaning
to give an answer or opinion without complete knowledge; to estimate
Example
Can you guess the answer?
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛsteɪt/

gestate

Meaning
to carry and develop in the womb during pregnancy; to develop an idea over a period of time
Example
The mother whale gestates her calf for over a year.
C1 verb /ˈdʒenərəlaɪz/

generalize

Meaning
To make a broad statement by inferring from specific cases.
Example
It is wrong to generalize based on a few experiences.
B2 noun /ˌdʒen.əˈrɒs.ə.ti/

Generosity

Meaning
the quality of being kind and generous; willingness to give money, help, kindness freely
Example
The billionaire's generosity was evident in his numerous charitable donations to hospitals.
B1 verb /ˈdʒɛnəreɪt/

generate

Meaning
to produce or create something
Example
The machine generates electricity.
C2 verb /dʒɛˈstɪkjʊleɪt/

gesticulate

Meaning
to use gestures, especially dramatic ones, instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words
Example
He gesticulated wildly to get their attention.
C1 verb /ɡrʌnt/

grunt

Meaning
to make a low, rough sound, often when exerting effort or expressing annoyance
Example
He grunted as he lifted the heavy box.
A2 verb /ɡeɪn/

gain

Meaning
to obtain or acquire something; to increase or improve
Example
He hopes to gain experience from this job.
B2 noun /ɡreɪs/

grace

Meaning
simple elegance or refined movement; goodwill and kindness
Example
She moved with grace across the stage.
B2 adjective /ɡeɪ/

gay

Meaning
sexually attracted to people of the same sex; also used to mean cheerful or lively
Example
He came out as gay during college.
A1 verb /ɡoʊ/

go

Meaning
to move or travel from one place to another
Example
I go to school every day.
C1 noun /ɡrəˈfiː.ti/

Graffiti

Meaning
writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place
Example
The subway walls were covered with colorful graffiti created by local street artists.
B1 adjective /ˈɡɪvən/

given

Meaning
Specified or stated; already decided or certain.
Example
It is a given fact that hard work leads to success.
B2 adjective /ɡəʊl ɔːˈrɪəntɪd/

goal-oriented

Meaning
Focused on achieving specific objectives or targets; driven by clear aims.
Example
Being goal-oriented is crucial for achieving success.
B2 noun /ɡræm/

Gram

Meaning
chickpea; a leguminous plant and its edible seed
Example
She cooked gram curry for lunch today.
C1 noun /ɡʌl/

Gull

Meaning
a seabird with webbed feet, long wings, and usually white and gray feathers
Example
The gull swooped down to grab the fish from the water.
C1 verb /ɡʌʃ/

gush

Meaning
to flow out suddenly and forcefully, or to express something enthusiastically
Example
Tears began to gush from her eyes.
C1 adjective /ɡrəˈtjuːɪtəs/

gratuitous

Meaning
Unnecessary, unwarranted, or given freely without reason or cause.
Example
The movie was criticized for its gratuitous violence.
B2 verb /ɡriːv/

grieve

Meaning
To feel or cause deep sorrow, especially due to someone's death.
Example
She continues to grieve the loss of her best friend.
C2 noun /næt/

Gnat

Meaning
a small flying insect that bites people and animals
Example
The gnat buzzed around my head while I was reading.
C1 verb, noun /ɡɔːrdʒ/

gorge

Meaning
to eat greedily; a narrow valley between mountains or hills
Example
They gorged themselves on pizza after the hike.
C1 verb /ɡɔːr/

gore

Meaning
to pierce with horns or tusks; spilled blood
Example
The bull gored the matador during the fight.
C2 noun /ˈɡæd.flaɪ/

gadfly

Meaning
A person who annoys or criticizes others to stimulate change or provoke action.
Example
The journalist was a gadfly, constantly questioning the government's policies.
C1 adjective /ˈɡruːəlɪŋ/

grueling

Meaning
Extremely tiring and demanding.
Example
The athletes faced a grueling training session.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnərəs/

generous

Meaning
willing to give or share more than is necessary; kind and giving
Example
She is very generous with her time and money.
C1 adjective /ˈɡreɪsləs/

graceless

Meaning
Lacking elegance, charm, or social refinement.
Example
His graceless behavior embarrassed everyone at the party.
C2 verb /ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/

gainsay

Meaning
To deny, contradict, or speak against.
Example
No one could gainsay the evidence presented in court.
C1 noun /ˈɡʌstoʊ/

gusto

Meaning
great enjoyment, energy, or enthusiasm in doing something
Example
She sang the song with great gusto.
B2 noun /ˈɡleɪʃər/

glacier

Meaning
a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land
Example
The glacier is slowly melting due to climate change.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌmp.ʃən/

gumption

Meaning
Courage, resourcefulness, or initiative.
Example
It takes real gumption to start your own business.