gratification
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C1 noun /ˌɡræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

gratification

Meaning
Pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire.
Example
The instant gratification of social media affects patience.
C2 adjective /ˈɡaɪlləs/

guileless

Meaning
Innocent and without deceit
Example
Her guileless smile won everyone’s heart.
B2 noun /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/

greenhouse

Meaning
a glass building used for growing plants, especially in cold climates
Example
The farmers built a large greenhouse to grow tomatoes in the winter.
C1 verb /ˈɡloʊbəlaɪz/

globalize

Meaning
to make something worldwide in scope or application; to integrate into a global system
Example
Many companies globalize their operations to reach international markets.
B1 noun ɡrəʊθ

Growth

Meaning
The process of increasing in physical size, number, value, or strength.
Example
Economic growth improves living conditions.
B1 noun ɡreɪt wɔːl əv ˈtʃaɪ.nə

Great Wall of China

Meaning
A massive ancient fortification system in China, built to protect against invasions and considered one of the most famous landmarks in the world.
Example
The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world.
B2 noun /ˈdʒes.tʃər/

Gesture

Meaning
a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning
Example
She made a welcoming gesture with her hands to invite the guests inside.
C2 noun /ˈɡæŋ.weɪ/

gangway

Meaning
A narrow passage or walkway; also an exclamation used to clear the way.
Example
The sailors lowered the gangway for passengers to board.
B1 noun, verb /ɡrɪl/

grill

Meaning
a metal frame used for cooking food over an open fire; to cook food on such a frame
Example
We grilled some chicken for dinner.
B1 noun /ɡɪlt/

Guilt

Meaning
a feeling of having committed wrong or failed in an obligation; responsibility for wrongdoing
Example
She felt overwhelming guilt after forgetting her mother's birthday.
A2 noun /dʒɪm/

gym

Meaning
a place equipped for physical exercise and fitness training
Example
He goes to the gym every morning to work out.
C1 verb /ˈɡlædən/

gladden

Meaning
to make someone happy or bring joy
Example
The news of her recovery gladdened everyone.
C2 noun, verb /ɡɔːl/

gall

Meaning
Annoyance, boldness, or to irritate.
Example
She had the gall to question his decision.
A2 noun /ɡʌn/

Gun

Meaning
a weapon that fires bullets or other projectiles from a metal tube
Example
The soldier cleaned his gun after the training session.
C2 noun /ɡrænˈtiː/

grantee

Meaning
A person or organization that receives a grant or benefit.
Example
The grantee must submit a progress report every six months.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɒs.oʊ.vər/

glossover

Meaning
an informal or non-standard variant of 'gloss over', meaning to ignore or minimize something
Example
He tried to glossover his mistakes during the meeting.
C1 noun /ɡlɪtʃ/

glitch

Meaning
A sudden, usually temporary fault or malfunction in a system or device.
Example
The computer crashed due to a minor glitch in the software.
C1 noun /ɡɔːrd/

Gourd

Meaning
a climbing plant with large fruits that have hard shells when dried
Example
The bottle gourd curry was delicious and nutritious.
B1 noun /ˈɡrændsʌn/

grandson

Meaning
the son of one's son or daughter
Example
His grandson visits him every weekend.
C2 noun /ˈɡæŋ.ɡriːn/

gangrene

Meaning
The death of body tissue due to lack of blood supply or infection.
Example
If untreated, the wound may lead to gangrene.
A2 noun /ɡɒlf/

golf

Meaning
A game in which players use clubs to hit a ball into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.
Example
He spends his weekends playing golf with his friends.
B2 noun /ˈɡuːs.ber.i/

Gooseberry

Meaning
a small round green or red berry that grows on a thorny bush
Example
Gooseberries are rich in vitamin C and make excellent jams.
A1 adjective (superlative) /ˈɡreɪ.tɪst/

greatest

Meaning
The highest degree of greatness; the most outstanding or important.
Example
He is considered one of the greatest leaders of all time.
C1 adjective /ɡlʌm/

Glum

Meaning
sad; dejected; downcast; gloomy
Example
He looked glum after hearing the bad news.
C1 verb, noun /ɡɔːrdʒ/

gorge

Meaning
to eat greedily; a narrow valley between mountains or hills
Example
They gorged themselves on pizza after the hike.
B2 adjective /ˈɡreɪs.fəl/

Graceful

Meaning
elegant; smooth; refined; having beauty of movement or manner
Example
The dancer moved with graceful elegance.
C2 adjective /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli/

gangly

Meaning
Tall, thin, and awkward in movement or appearance.
Example
The gangly teenager stumbled while trying to dance.
C1 noun /ɡræft/

Graft

Meaning
a shoot or twig inserted into a slit on the trunk of a living tree to form a new growth; corruption in politics or business
Example
The gardener used a graft to combine different varieties of apple trees.
B2 noun /ɡoʊl ˈsɛt.ɪŋ/

goal-setting

Meaning
The process of identifying something that you want to accomplish and establishing measurable objectives to achieve it.
Example
Effective goal-setting helps individuals stay focused and motivated.
C2 verb /ˈɡrʌvəl/

grovel

Meaning
To act in an excessively humble or submissive way to gain favor.
Example
He groveled before his boss to avoid punishment.
B1 adjective /ˈɡɪl.ti/

Guilty

Meaning
having committed a crime or offense; feeling responsible for wrongdoing
Example
She felt guilty about lying to her parents.
B1 noun /ˈɡaɪ.dəns/

Guidance

Meaning
advice or information aimed at resolving a problem or difficulty; leadership or direction
Example
The teacher provided valuable guidance to help students choose their career paths.
C2 noun /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

gradation

Meaning
A gradual change from one stage, tone, or degree to another.
Example
The artist used subtle gradation of colors in her painting.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɛntaɪl/

gentile

Meaning
A person who is not Jewish
Example
The synagogue welcomed both Jews and Gentiles.
C1 adjective /ɡroʊˈtɛsk/

grotesque

Meaning
comically or repulsively ugly or distorted
Example
The sculpture was so grotesque that it frightened the children.
C2 noun /ɡænˈdʒɛtɪk liːf fɪʃ/

Gangetic Leaf Fish

Meaning
a small freshwater fish species found in the Ganges river system, known for its leaf-like appearance
Example
The Gangetic Leaf Fish is commonly found in the rivers of Bangladesh.
B1 adjective /ˈɡɪvən/

given

Meaning
Specified or stated; already decided or certain.
Example
It is a given fact that hard work leads to success.
B2 noun /ˈɡʌv.ən.əns/

governance

Meaning
The action or manner of governing and controlling a state or organization.
Example
Effective governance ensures sustainable development.
C2 noun /ˌdʒerənˈtɑːkrəsi/

gerontocracy

Meaning
A system of government or control by old people.
Example
The country was seen as a gerontocracy, dominated by elderly leaders.
B2 adverb /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪnli/

genuinely

Meaning
in a truthful and sincere way
Example
She genuinely cares about the environment.
A2 adjective /ˈdʒɛnərəl/

general

Meaning
Relating to all or most people, things, or situations; not specific.
Example
He made a general comment about the project.
C2 noun /ˈɡʊrmənd/

gourmand

Meaning
A person who enjoys eating a lot or has a great appetite for food.
Example
As a true gourmand, he never missed an opportunity to try new dishes.
C1 noun, verb /ɡliːm/

gleam

Meaning
a small or brief shining light; to shine softly
Example
A gleam of hope appeared in her eyes.
A2 verb /ɡaɪd/

guide

Meaning
to show someone the way; to direct or influence behavior
Example
The teacher guides the students.
C2 adjective /ˈɡɑːrbəld/

garbled

Meaning
Describes speech or text that is distorted or unclear.
Example
The radio broadcast was full of garbled messages.
C1 adjective /ˈɡlɛrɪŋ/

glaring

Meaning
Extremely obvious or shining intensely.
Example
There was a glaring mistake in the report.
B2 noun /ˈɡləʊ.bəl piːs/

global peace

Meaning
Worldwide harmony and absence of conflict between nations.
Example
Global peace requires collective efforts.
C1 noun ɡrɪt

grit

Meaning
Long-term determination and perseverance in the face of hardship and challenges.
Example
His grit and hard work led him to success.
B1 noun /ɡæŋ/

gang

Meaning
An organized group of people, often involved in crime or violence.
Example
The gang was arrested by the police last night.
B2 noun /ˈɡæmblɪŋ/

gambling

Meaning
the activity of betting money or valuables on an outcome, often involving risk
Example
He got addicted to gambling at the casino.
B2 noun ˌɡloʊ.bəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

globalization

Meaning
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
Example
Globalization has connected economies across the world.
C1 verb/adjective /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

grasping

Meaning
Holding firmly; or (as an adjective) excessively greedy.
Example
The child was grasping her mother’s hand tightly.
B2 adjective /ˈɡrædʒuˌeɪtɪd/

graduated

Meaning
Arranged in steps, levels, or stages; having completed a course of study and received a degree
Example
The scientist used a graduated cylinder to measure the liquid precisely.
A2 noun /dʒɪˈræf/

Giraffe

Meaning
a very tall African animal with a long neck and long legs
Example
The giraffe stretched its neck to reach the leaves on the tall tree.
C1 adjective /ɡrəˈtjuːɪtəs/

gratuitous

Meaning
Unnecessary, unwarranted, or given freely without reason or cause.
Example
The movie was criticized for its gratuitous violence.
A1 noun /ɡaɪ/

guy

Meaning
an informal term for a man; sometimes used to refer to a person in general
Example
That guy over there is my best friend.
C2 noun /ˈɡɒz.lɪŋ/

gosling

Meaning
a young goose
Example
The mother goose carefully protected her goslings.
B2 noun /ɡrɪp/

Grip

Meaning
a firm hold or grasp; the power of holding something firmly; a handle or handhold
Example
The rock climber lost his grip and fell several feet before the safety rope caught him.
C1 adjective /ˈɡɔːri/

gory

Meaning
involving or showing a lot of bloodshed and violence
Example
The movie was too gory for children.
C1 noun /ˈɡeɪ.ə.ti/

Gaiety

Meaning
the state or quality of being light-hearted or cheerful; festive atmosphere
Example
The wedding reception was filled with gaiety, laughter, and joyful celebrations.
B2 noun /ˈɡælən/

gallon

Meaning
a unit of measurement for liquid capacity, equal to 4 quarts or approximately 3.8 liters
Example
He bought a gallon of milk.
C1 verb /ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/

gratify

Meaning
to give pleasure or satisfaction to someone
Example
It gratified him to know his work was appreciated.
B1 adverb /ˈɡreɪtli/

greatly

Meaning
to a large extent or degree; very much
Example
She was greatly admired by her students.
A2 noun /ɡoʊld/

Gold

Meaning
a precious yellow metallic element; jewelry or ornaments made of gold
Example
The gold bracelet sparkled in the sunlight.
B2 noun/verb /ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/

grazing

Meaning
The act of animals eating grass in a field; also lightly touching or scraping against something.
Example
Cows were grazing peacefully in the meadow.
C1 verb /ɡɔːr/

gore

Meaning
to pierce with horns or tusks; spilled blood
Example
The bull gored the matador during the fight.
C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪənt sneɪk hɛd/

Giant snake head

Meaning
a large predatory freshwater fish with an elongated body and snake-like head
Example
The giant snake head is a fierce predator that can survive out of water for hours.
C1 noun /ɡʌst/

Gust

Meaning
a sudden strong rush of wind; a sudden burst or outburst of feeling
Example
A powerful gust of wind knocked over the outdoor umbrellas at the cafe.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɡlɪmər/

glimmer

Meaning
A faint or wavering light; to shine with a faint light.
Example
A glimmer of hope shone in her eyes.
C1 noun /ˈɡraʊnd kruː/

ground crew

Meaning
a team of people who maintain and service aircraft on the ground
Example
The ground crew prepared the plane for takeoff.
C1 noun /ɡeɪt/

gait

Meaning
A person's manner of walking.
Example
His slow gait showed that he was tired.
C2 noun /ˈɡlæsi fɪʃ/

Glassy fish

Meaning
a transparent freshwater fish with a glassy appearance, popular in aquariums
Example
The glassy fish is known for its transparent body and peaceful nature.
A2 noun /ɡəˈrɪl.ə/

Gorilla

Meaning
a large powerful ape found in the forests of central Africa
Example
The gorilla beat its chest to show dominance.
B2 noun ˈɡloʊbəl kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən

global collaboration

Meaning
Cooperation and partnership between countries or organizations worldwide to address common challenges.
Example
Global collaboration is necessary to address climate change.
B2 noun /ɡlɪmps/

Glimpse

Meaning
a momentary or partial view; a brief look or sight of something
Example
Through the window, I caught a glimpse of the beautiful garden behind the house.
B1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.lɪk/

Garlic

Meaning
a strong-smelling pungent-tasting bulb, used as a flavoring in cooking and in herbal medicine
Example
The recipe calls for three cloves of fresh garlic to enhance the flavor.
C1 noun /ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi/

genealogy

Meaning
The study and tracing of lines of descent or family history.
Example
She spent years researching her family's genealogy.
B1 noun/verb /ˌɡærənˈtiː/

guarantee

Meaning
a formal promise or assurance, especially about the quality or durability of a product
Example
The company guarantees a refund if the product is faulty.
B2 phrase ˈɡləʊ.bəl ˌkəʊ.ɒp.əˈreɪ.ʃən

global cooperation

Meaning
International collaboration and working together across countries to address common challenges and goals.
Example
Global cooperation is essential to address climate challenges.
C2 verb /dʒɛˈstɪkjʊleɪt/

gesticulate

Meaning
to use gestures, especially dramatic ones, instead of speaking or to emphasize one's words
Example
He gesticulated wildly to get their attention.
B2 verb /ɡræsp/

grasp

Meaning
to grip firmly; to understand something
Example
She finally grasped the concept after the explanation.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæstrɪk/

gastric

Meaning
Relating to the stomach.
Example
She was prescribed medicine for her gastric problems.
B1 noun /ˈɡɪvər/

giver

Meaning
a person who gives something
Example
She was always a generous giver to charity.
B2 noun /ˈɡaɪd.laɪn/

guideline

Meaning
a rule, instruction, or principle that provides direction
Example
The company issued new guidelines for employee safety.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛriˌmændər/

gerrymander

Meaning
to manipulate the boundaries of an electoral constituency to favor one party or class
Example
The ruling party was accused of trying to gerrymander the districts to secure more seats.
B2 noun /ˈɡlæmər/

glamor

Meaning
An attractive or exciting quality that makes something or someone appealing.
Example
The glamor of city life attracts many young people.
A2 noun /ɡreɪp/

grape

Meaning
a small, round fruit that grows in clusters on vines and is used to make wine or eaten as food
Example
She picked a bunch of grapes from the vine.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑː.nər/

garner

Meaning
To gather or collect, especially information, support, or approval.
Example
The politician garnered support from young voters.
A1 verb /ɡes/

guess

Meaning
to give an answer or opinion without complete knowledge; to estimate
Example
Can you guess the answer?
C1 adjective/adverb /ɡəˈlɔːr/

galore

Meaning
In large amounts; abundant or plentiful.
Example
There were books galore in the old library.
B2 noun /ɡʌlf/

Gulf

Meaning
a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land; a wide gap or difference between people or groups
Example
The Persian Gulf is an important waterway for international shipping and oil transport.
C1 noun /dʒɪst/

Gist

Meaning
the substance or essence of a speech or text; the main point
Example
I missed the beginning of the lecture, but I caught the gist of the professor's argument.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌmp.ʃən/

gumption

Meaning
Courage, resourcefulness, or initiative.
Example
It takes real gumption to start your own business.
C2 adverb, adjective /ˈɡrætɪs/ or /ˈɡreɪtɪs/

gratis

Meaning
Without charge; free of cost.
Example
The drinks at the event were provided gratis.
C1 noun /ˈɡriːvəns/

grievance

Meaning
A real or imagined cause for complaint, especially unfair treatment.
Example
The workers voiced their grievances to the management.
A2 noun /ɡəˈrɑːʒ/

Garage

Meaning
a building or space for housing a motor vehicle; a commercial establishment for repairing motor vehicles
Example
He parked his car in the garage to protect it from the hailstorm.
C1 adjective /ɡɔːnt/

gaunt

Meaning
extremely thin, bony, and haggard in appearance, often due to hunger or illness
Example
After weeks of illness, he looked pale and gaunt.
C2 noun, adjective /ˈɡɒsəmər/

gossamer

Meaning
Something light, thin, and delicate, like a fine fabric or cobweb.
Example
The bride's veil was made of delicate gossamer fabric.
C2 noun /ɡiː/

Ghee

Meaning
clarified butter used in South Asian cooking
Example
She used ghee instead of butter for cooking the rice.
C1 noun /ˈɡræv.ɪ.tæs/

gravitas

Meaning
Dignity, seriousness, or solemnity of manner or speech.
Example
The judge spoke with great gravitas.
C1 noun/verb /ɡæʃ/

gash

Meaning
A long, deep cut or wound; to cut deeply or violently.
Example
He had a deep gash on his leg after the accident.
C2 noun /ˈɡɪni/

guinea

Meaning
A former British gold coin; also refers to Guinea, a country in West Africa
Example
The antique coin was worth one guinea.
C2 noun /ɡəˈruːlɪti/

garrulity

Meaning
Excessive talkativeness, especially about trivial matters.
Example
His garrulity made it hard to focus during the meeting.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɪt.ər.ɪŋ/

Glittering

Meaning
shining with bright light; sparkling; brilliant;
Example
The glittering stars filled the clear night sky.
C2 adjective /ˈɡlʌt.ən.əs/

gluttonous

Meaning
Excessively greedy in eating or consuming.
Example
His gluttonous appetite shocked everyone at the dinner table.
B2 noun/verb /ɡʌt/

gut

Meaning
The stomach or belly; also used for courage, instinct, or to remove the inside of something.
Example
He had the guts to stand up for his beliefs.
C2 adjective /ˈɡɔːdi/

gaudy

Meaning
excessively showy or flashy, often in a tasteless way
Example
She wore a gaudy necklace that clashed with her elegant dress.
B2 adjective /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkəl/

geographical

Meaning
relating to geography; connected with the physical features, location, or characteristics of the Earth or a particular area
Example
The country’s geographical position makes it an important trading hub.
B2 noun /ˈɡreɪt.fəl.nəs/

Gratefulness

Meaning
the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for kindness
Example
She expressed her gratefulness to the doctors who saved her life.
A1 verb /ɡoʊ/

go

Meaning
to move or travel from one place to another
Example
I go to school every day.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɜːrmɪnəl/

germinal

Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development.
Example
The idea was still in its germinal stage.
C1 verb /ˈɡræpəl/

grapple

Meaning
to struggle or wrestle with something, often a problem or opponent
Example
The company is grappling with financial difficulties.
B2 verb /ɡraɪnd/

grind

Meaning
to crush into small particles; to work hard
Example
She grinds coffee beans every morning.
C1 noun /ɡʌl/

Gull

Meaning
a seabird with webbed feet, long wings, and usually white and gray feathers
Example
The gull swooped down to grab the fish from the water.
C2 adjective /ɡoʊʃ/

gauche

Meaning
lacking social grace, sensitivity, or tact; awkward
Example
His gauche remarks embarrassed everyone at the dinner party.
A2 verb /ɡeɪn/

gain

Meaning
to obtain or acquire something; to increase or improve
Example
He hopes to gain experience from this job.
C2 noun /ˈɡloʊmɪŋ/

gloaming

Meaning
The time of day after the sun has set and before it is completely dark; twilight.
Example
We walked home together in the quiet gloaming.
C2 noun /ɡlʌt/

glut

Meaning
An excessive supply of something; more than is needed.
Example
There was a glut of cheap smartphones in the market.
A2 noun /ɡəʊlz/

goals

Meaning
Objectives or targets that someone aims to achieve.
Example
Achieving development goals requires cooperation.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈɡʊrmeɪ/

gourmet

Meaning
A person who appreciates fine food and drink; also refers to high-quality food.
Example
They went to a gourmet restaurant to celebrate their anniversary.
C2 noun /ˈɡlʌt.ən/

Glutton

Meaning
a person who regularly eats or drinks more than is necessary; someone who has an excessive appetite
Example
He was known as a glutton who could finish three large pizzas in one sitting.