gloomy
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B2 adjective ˈɡluːmi

gloomy

Meaning
Dark or poorly lit; depressing or pessimistic.
Example
The atmosphere suddenly turned gloomy.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɔːr.i.əs/

Glorious

Meaning
magnificent; famous; having great beauty or splendor
Example
The sunset was absolutely glorious.
C1 adjective /ɡroʊˈtɛsk/

grotesque

Meaning
comically or repulsively ugly or distorted
Example
The sculpture was so grotesque that it frightened the children.
C1 verb /ɡeɪp/

gape

Meaning
to stare with mouth wide open; to be wide open
Example
The crowd gaped at the amazing magic trick.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɪb.ər.ɪʃ/

gibberish

Meaning
Unintelligible or meaningless speech or writing.
Example
He was so nervous that his explanation sounded like gibberish.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæsiəs/

gaseous

Meaning
Relating to or having the form of gas.
Example
Carbon dioxide is a gaseous substance.
B2 noun ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɪˌfɛkt

greenhouse effect

Meaning
The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
Example
The greenhouse effect is increasing global temperatures.
C2 noun, verb /ɡɔːl/

gall

Meaning
Annoyance, boldness, or to irritate.
Example
She had the gall to question his decision.
A2 noun /ɡɑːrd/

Guard

Meaning
a person who keeps watch, especially a soldier or police officer; a device worn or fitted to prevent injury
Example
The security guard checked everyone's identification before allowing entry to the building.
C2 verb /ɡɔːk/

gawk

Meaning
To stare openly and rudely.
Example
Tourists gawked at the celebrity walking down the street.
C2 noun /ˈɡleɪziər/

glazier

Meaning
a person whose job is to fit glass into windows and doors
Example
The glazier repaired the broken window in our house.
C1 noun dʒəˈnɛt.ɪk ˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

genetic modification

Meaning
The process of altering the genetic code of plants or animals.
Example
Genetic modification enhances crop resistance to pests and diseases.
C2 adjective /ˈɡɔːdi/

gaudy

Meaning
excessively showy or flashy, often in a tasteless way
Example
She wore a gaudy necklace that clashed with her elegant dress.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪn/

genuine

Meaning
real and authentic; not fake or artificial
Example
This is a genuine leather bag.
B2 noun /ˈɡæl.ək.siːz/

galaxies

Meaning
Large collections of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
Example
Distant galaxies hold clues about the early universe.
C1 noun /ɡeɪt/

gait

Meaning
A person's manner of walking.
Example
His slow gait showed that he was tired.
C2 noun /ˈɡæŋ.weɪ/

gangway

Meaning
A narrow passage or walkway; also an exclamation used to clear the way.
Example
The sailors lowered the gangway for passengers to board.
B2 adjective /ɡəʊl ɔːˈrɪəntɪd/

goal-oriented

Meaning
Focused on achieving specific objectives or targets; driven by clear aims.
Example
Being goal-oriented is crucial for achieving success.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrɪz.li/

grisly

Meaning
causing horror or disgust
Example
The police discovered a grisly scene at the crime site.
C2 adjective /ɡlɪb/

glib

Meaning
speaking easily but without sincerity or depth
Example
The politician gave a glib answer to a serious question.
A1 noun /ˈɡɜːrlfrɛnd/

girlfriend

Meaning
A woman or girl with whom someone is romantically or emotionally involved.
Example
He introduced his girlfriend to his family.
C2 noun /ˈɡræn.tɔːr/

grantor

Meaning
A person or entity that makes a grant or transfers property or rights to another.
Example
The grantor transferred the property rights to the nonprofit organization.
A2 noun /ɡeɪt/

gate

Meaning
A movable barrier that opens and closes to allow or prevent entry through an opening.
Example
She closed the gate behind her as she left the garden.
A2 noun /ɡreɪp/

grape

Meaning
a small, round fruit that grows in clusters on vines and is used to make wine or eaten as food
Example
She picked a bunch of grapes from the vine.
B1 noun /ˈɡæsəˌliːn/

gasoline

Meaning
a liquid fuel made from petroleum, used mainly to power engines in vehicles
Example
The price of gasoline has increased significantly this month.
C1 noun/verb /ɡrʌdʒ/

grudge

Meaning
A persistent feeling of ill will or resentment from a past insult or injury.
Example
She still holds a grudge against him for what happened years ago.
B2 noun ˈɡloʊbəl ɪˈnɪʃətɪvz

global initiatives

Meaning
Worldwide efforts or programs aimed at addressing global challenges or achieving common goals.
Example
Global initiatives inspire better waste management practices.
A2 noun /ˈɡraʊnd flɔːr/

ground floor

Meaning
the floor of a building at ground level; the starting level of an organization or activity
Example
The grocery shop is located on the ground floor of the building.
B2 noun /ɡʊdz treɪn/

Goods train

Meaning
a train designed to transport cargo and freight rather than passengers
Example
The long goods train carried containers from the port to the inland depot.
C2 adverb, adjective /ˈɡrætɪs/ or /ˈɡreɪtɪs/

gratis

Meaning
Without charge; free of cost.
Example
The drinks at the event were provided gratis.
A2 noun /dʒɪm/

gym

Meaning
a place equipped for physical exercise and fitness training
Example
He goes to the gym every morning to work out.
C1 noun /ˈɡuːs.bʌmps/

goosebumps

Meaning
small raised bumps on the skin caused by cold, fear, or excitement
Example
The horror movie gave me goosebumps.
A1 interjection;noun /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/

goodbye

Meaning
a polite expression used when leaving or ending a conversation; the act of parting
Example
She waved and said goodbye before leaving the station.
A1 adjective (superlative) /ˈɡreɪ.tɪst/

greatest

Meaning
The highest degree of greatness; the most outstanding or important.
Example
He is considered one of the greatest leaders of all time.
A1 noun /ˈɡrændˌmʌðər/

grandmother

Meaning
the mother of one's father or mother
Example
My grandmother makes delicious cakes.
C1 verb /ɡɔːr/

gore

Meaning
to pierce with horns or tusks; spilled blood
Example
The bull gored the matador during the fight.
B2 noun /dʒem/

Gem

Meaning
a precious or semi-precious stone, especially when cut and polished or engraved; something prized for its beauty or worth
Example
The antique necklace featured a rare sapphire gem surrounded by diamonds.
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪvstoʊn/

gravestone

Meaning
A stone that marks a grave, usually inscribed with the name of the deceased.
Example
The gravestone had her name carved beautifully.
B2 noun /ˈʒɑːn.rə/

genre

Meaning
a style or category of art, music, or literature
Example
Romance is her favorite genre of movies.
B2 noun ˈdʒes.tʃərz

gestures

Meaning
Body movements, especially of hands, face, or body when speaking.
Example
Effective gestures add emphasis to a speech.
A2 noun /ɡæs/

gas

Meaning
A substance like air that is neither solid nor liquid and can expand freely.
Example
The balloon was filled with gas.
B2 adjective /ˈɡreɪs.fəl/

Graceful

Meaning
elegant; smooth; refined; having beauty of movement or manner
Example
The dancer moved with graceful elegance.
C1 noun ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs

genesis

Meaning
The origin or mode of formation of something.
Example
The genesis of the internet changed the world forever.
B2 adjective ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl

gradual

Meaning
Taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees.
Example
Gradual changes are more sustainable.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæst.li/

ghastly

Meaning
Causing great horror or fear; very unpleasant.
Example
The crime scene was a ghastly sight.
C2 verb /ˈdʒaɪreɪt/

gyrate

Meaning
to move or spin quickly in circles
Example
The dancer gyrated wildly to the rhythm of the drums.
B1 adverb /ˈdʒen.tli/

Gently

Meaning
in a mild, soft, or careful manner
Example
She gently touched the baby's face.
B2 noun /ˈɡuːs.ber.i/

Gooseberry

Meaning
a small round green or red berry that grows on a thorny bush
Example
Gooseberries are rich in vitamin C and make excellent jams.
C2 verb /ˈɡɑːrbəl/

garble

Meaning
To reproduce a message in a confused, distorted, or unclear way.
Example
The poor phone connection garbled his words.
C2 noun /ɡriːn pəˈpaɪə/

Green Papaya

Meaning
unripe papaya fruit used as a vegetable in cooking, especially in Asian cuisine
Example
Green papaya salad is a popular dish in Thai cuisine.
C2 noun/verb /ɡraʊs/

grouse

Meaning
A type of bird; or to complain or grumble persistently.
Example
He always grouses about the long hours at work.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɡlɪmər/

glimmer

Meaning
A faint or wavering light; to shine with a faint light.
Example
A glimmer of hope shone in her eyes.
B2 noun /ˈɡæm.blər/

Gambler

Meaning
a person who gambles regularly, typically someone who cannot resist the urge to gamble
Example
The experienced gambler knew when to fold his cards and when to bet big.
B2 noun /ˈɡræs.hɒp.ər/

Grass-hopper

Meaning
a jumping insect with long hind legs that feeds on grass and plants
Example
The grasshopper jumped from one leaf to another.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑː.nər/

garner

Meaning
To gather or collect, especially information, support, or approval.
Example
The politician garnered support from young voters.
C2 verb /ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/

gainsay

Meaning
To deny, contradict, or speak against.
Example
No one could gainsay the evidence presented in court.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌl.i/

gully

Meaning
A narrow channel or ravine worn away by water.
Example
After the storm, the road was cut by a deep gully.
B2 noun /ɡreɪn/

Grain

Meaning
wheat or any other cultivated cereal crop used as food; a single seed of a cereal
Example
The farmer stored large quantities of grain in the barn after the harvest.
B2 adjective /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

gigantic

Meaning
Extremely large or huge in size, power, or extent.
Example
The company made a gigantic investment in technology.
C1 noun /ɡrəˈtjuːɪti/

gratuity

Meaning
A sum of money given as a tip or a retirement benefit.
Example
The waiter received a generous gratuity for his excellent service.
C2 adverb /ˈɡeɪmli/

gamely

Meaning
in a brave, spirited, or determined manner
Example
She gamely accepted the challenge despite the difficulties.
A2 adjective ˈɡləʊ.bəl

global

Meaning
Relating to the whole world; worldwide.
Example
Global collaboration improves connectivity.
B2 noun /ˈɡʌv.ən.əns/

governance

Meaning
The action or manner of governing and controlling a state or organization.
Example
Effective governance ensures sustainable development.
C1 adjective /ˈɡʌl.ə.bəl/

gullible

Meaning
Easily deceived or tricked.
Example
She was so gullible that she believed every rumor.
B2 adjective /ɡroʊs/

gross

Meaning
extremely unpleasant or disgusting; total before deductions
Example
He thought the food looked gross, but it tasted fine.
C1 noun /ˈɡoʊld.smɪθ/

Goldsmith

Meaning
a person who makes or repairs articles of gold
Example
The goldsmith crafted a beautiful wedding ring.
C1 verb /ˈɡlɔːrɪfaɪ/

glorify

Meaning
to praise or honor someone or something; to make something seem better than it is
Example
The movie glorifies war heroes.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræs.i/

Grassy

Meaning
covered with grass; resembling grass in color; green like grass
Example
The grassy field stretched as far as the eye could see.
B1 verb /ˈɡɑːsɪp/

gossip

Meaning
to talk about other people's private lives, often in an unkind way
Example
They love to gossip about their neighbors.
C1 noun, verb /ɡliːm/

gleam

Meaning
a small or brief shining light; to shine softly
Example
A gleam of hope appeared in her eyes.
C1 phrasal verb /ɡlɒs ˈoʊ.vər/

gloss over

Meaning
to avoid discussing something unpleasant or make it seem less important
Example
The report glossed over the company's financial problems.
B2 noun /ɡʌm/

Gum

Meaning
the firm flesh that surrounds the roots of the teeth; a viscous secretion
Example
The dentist checked her gum for any signs of disease.
C1 noun /ˌɡræt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

gratification

Meaning
Pleasure, especially when gained from the satisfaction of a desire.
Example
The instant gratification of social media affects patience.
A1 noun /ɡaɪ/

guy

Meaning
an informal term for a man; sometimes used to refer to a person in general
Example
That guy over there is my best friend.
C1 verb /ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/

gratify

Meaning
to give pleasure or satisfaction to someone
Example
It gratified him to know his work was appreciated.
C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪrəˌskoʊp/

gyroscope

Meaning
A device consisting of a wheel or disk mounted so it can spin rapidly and maintain orientation, used for navigation and balance.
Example
The airplane's navigation system relies on a gyroscope for stability.
C1 noun /ˈɡʌstoʊ/

gusto

Meaning
great enjoyment, energy, or enthusiasm in doing something
Example
She sang the song with great gusto.
A2 noun /ɡoʊl/

Goal

Meaning
the object of a person's ambition or effort; an aim or desired result; a point scored in sports
Example
Her goal is to become a doctor and help people in underserved communities.
A2 verb /ɡeɪn/

gain

Meaning
to obtain or acquire something; to increase or improve
Example
He hopes to gain experience from this job.
C2 noun /ɡəˈruːlɪti/

garrulity

Meaning
Excessive talkativeness, especially about trivial matters.
Example
His garrulity made it hard to focus during the meeting.
B1 noun/verb /ˌɡærənˈtiː/

guarantee

Meaning
a formal promise or assurance, especially about the quality or durability of a product
Example
The company guarantees a refund if the product is faulty.
C2 noun, verb /ɡəˈrɒt/

garrote

Meaning
A method of execution by strangulation, or to strangle someone with a cord or wire.
Example
The assassin attempted to garrote his target in the alley.
C2 noun, adjective /ˈɡɒsəmər/

gossamer

Meaning
Something light, thin, and delicate, like a fine fabric or cobweb.
Example
The bride's veil was made of delicate gossamer fabric.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnərəs/

generous

Meaning
willing to give or share more than is necessary; kind and giving
Example
She is very generous with her time and money.
C1 noun /ˈɡæloʊz/

gallows

Meaning
A structure used for hanging criminals who have been sentenced to death.
Example
The criminal was led to the gallows at dawn.
C1 verb, noun /ɡɔːrdʒ/

gorge

Meaning
to eat greedily; a narrow valley between mountains or hills
Example
They gorged themselves on pizza after the hike.
B2 adjective /ˈɡreɪ.ʃəs/

Gracious

Meaning
kind; courteous; generous;
Example
She was very gracious and thanked everyone for their help.
C1 noun /ˈɡæm.ət/

gamut

Meaning
The complete range or scope of something.
Example
Her emotions ran the gamut from joy to sorrow in just a few minutes.
B2 noun /ˈɡləʊ.bəl piːs/

global peace

Meaning
Worldwide harmony and absence of conflict between nations.
Example
Global peace requires collective efforts.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɪt.ər.ɪŋ/

Glittering

Meaning
shining with bright light; sparkling; brilliant;
Example
The glittering stars filled the clear night sky.
C1 noun /ˌdʒerənˈtɑːlədʒi/

gerontology

Meaning
The scientific study of old age and the process of aging.
Example
She chose to specialize in gerontology after completing medical school.
C2 adjective /ɡrɪˈɡɛəriəs/

gregarious

Meaning
Fond of company; sociable.
Example
She is a gregarious person who loves meeting new people.
C2 noun /ɡɑːrˈdiː.ni.ə/

Gardenia

Meaning
a white or yellow fragrant flower with waxy petals
Example
The gardenia bush produced beautiful white flowers with a lovely scent.
C2 verb /dʒaɪb/

gibe

Meaning
To make insulting or mocking remarks; to taunt.
Example
The fans gibed at the losing team.
B2 noun /ɡrɪp/

Grip

Meaning
a firm hold or grasp; the power of holding something firmly; a handle or handhold
Example
The rock climber lost his grip and fell several feet before the safety rope caught him.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɪb.ər/

gibber

Meaning
To speak rapidly and unintelligibly, typically through fear or shock.
Example
The frightened man began to gibber when he saw the ghost.
B2 adjective /ɡrɪm/

grim

Meaning
very serious or gloomy in appearance or outlook
Example
The future looked grim after the disaster.
C1 noun /ɡeɪl/

Gale

Meaning
a very strong wind; a wind of force 7 to 10 on the Beaufort scale
Example
The fishing boats returned to harbor early due to the approaching gale.
B2 verb /ɡræsp/

grasp

Meaning
to grip firmly; to understand something
Example
She finally grasped the concept after the explanation.
C2 verb /ɡɜːrd/

gird

Meaning
to encircle with a belt or band; to prepare for action
Example
The knight girded his sword before battle.
B1 noun /ˈdʒɛntəlmən/

gentleman

Meaning
a man who is polite, courteous, and honorable
Example
He opened the door for her like a true gentleman.
C2 noun /ɡriːn ˈdʒækfruːt/

Green Jackfruit

Meaning
unripe fruit of the jackfruit tree, commonly used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
Green jackfruit is often used in curries and stews.
B2 noun /ɡɪɡ/

gig

Meaning
A live performance by a musician, band, or entertainer; also a temporary job.
Example
The band has a gig at the local club tonight.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛriˌmændər/

gerrymander

Meaning
to manipulate the boundaries of an electoral constituency to favor one party or class
Example
The ruling party was accused of trying to gerrymander the districts to secure more seats.
A1 noun /ɡlæs/

Glass

Meaning
a drinking container made of glass; hard transparent material
Example
He drank a glass of cold water after the workout.
C1 noun /ɡruːv/

groove

Meaning
a long narrow cut or depression, or a rhythmic pattern in music
Example
The DJ kept the crowd dancing to the groove.
C2 noun /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

gradation

Meaning
A gradual change from one stage, tone, or degree to another.
Example
The artist used subtle gradation of colors in her painting.
C2 verb /ˈɡlaʊ.ər/

glower

Meaning
To look at someone with an angry or sullen expression.
Example
He glowered at his rival across the room.
A2 noun /ɡoʊld/

Gold

Meaning
a precious yellow metallic element; jewelry or ornaments made of gold
Example
The gold bracelet sparkled in the sunlight.
C1 noun /ˈɡær.ɪ.sən/

garrison

Meaning
A body of troops stationed in a particular location, usually to defend it.
Example
The garrison defended the fortress against the invaders.
C2 verb, noun /ɡaʊdʒ/

gouge

Meaning
To cut or scoop out a deep hole or groove; to overcharge unfairly.
Example
He accidentally gouged a hole in the wooden table.
B1 adverb /ˈɡlæd.li/

Gladly

Meaning
willingly and with pleasure
Example
I would gladly help you with your homework.
B1 noun /ɡæp/

gap

Meaning
An empty space or break between two objects or parts; a difference or disparity.
Example
There is a huge gap between the rich and the poor.
C1 verb /ɡʌʃ/

gush

Meaning
to flow out suddenly and forcefully, or to express something enthusiastically
Example
Tears began to gush from her eyes.
C1 noun ɡrɪt

grit

Meaning
Long-term determination and perseverance in the face of hardship and challenges.
Example
His grit and hard work led him to success.
C2 noun /ɡruːəl/

Gruel

Meaning
a thin liquid food of oatmeal or another meal boiled in milk or water
Example
The sick patient could only eat gruel.
C2 adjective /ˈɡaɪlləs/

guileless

Meaning
Innocent and without deceit
Example
Her guileless smile won everyone’s heart.
C2 noun /ˈɡɒz.lɪŋ/

gosling

Meaning
a young goose
Example
The mother goose carefully protected her goslings.
C1 noun /ɡluːm/

Gloom

Meaning
partial or total darkness; a state of dejection or despondency
Example
The thick clouds cast a gloom over the valley, making everything appear dark and dreary.
B2 noun /ˈɡreɪv.jɑːrd/

Graveyard

Meaning
an area of land set aside for burial of the dead; a cemetery
Example
The old graveyard near the church dates back to the 18th century.
C1 noun /ˈɡaɪ.zər/

geyser

Meaning
A natural hot spring that intermittently ejects a column of water and steam into the air.
Example
The geyser erupted, shooting water high into the sky.