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All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B1 noun ˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃənz

Generations

Meaning
All of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively.
Example
The family tree spans several generations.
C1 noun/verb /ɡrʌdʒ/

grudge

Meaning
A persistent feeling of ill will or resentment from a past insult or injury.
Example
She still holds a grudge against him for what happened years ago.
C1 noun /ɡæf/

gaffe

Meaning
An unintentional act or remark causing embarrassment; a blunder.
Example
The politician's gaffe quickly spread on social media.
C1 noun /ɡaɪz/

guise

Meaning
An external form, appearance, or manner of presentation, often hiding the true nature
Example
He approached in the guise of a friend.
C1 noun /ˌdʒenəˈræləti/

generality

Meaning
A vague, non-specific statement or principle that applies broadly.
Example
The speech was full of generalities and lacked concrete details.
B2 noun /ˈɡloʊbəl əˈwɛrnɪs/

global awareness

Meaning
Worldwide consciousness and understanding of important issues that affect people globally, leading to informed action and policy changes.
Example
Global awareness of climate change is essential for policy changes.
C2 noun /ˈɡændər/

Gander

Meaning
male goose
Example
The gander protected his family from the approaching dog.
B2 noun /dʒiˈɒl.ə.dʒi/

geology

Meaning
the science that deals with the Earth's physical structure and substances
Example
She studied geology to understand earthquakes.
B1 verb /ɡræb/

grab

Meaning
To seize something quickly and firmly.
Example
He tried to grab the ball before it rolled away.
C2 noun /ˌɡlæd.iˈoʊ.ləs/

Gladiolus

Meaning
A tall flowering plant with sword-shaped leaves and colorful spike-like flower clusters, popular in gardens and floral arrangements
Example
The gladiolus stood tall and elegant in the flower bed.
B1 noun, verb /ɡrɪl/

grill

Meaning
a metal frame used for cooking food over an open fire; to cook food on such a frame
Example
We grilled some chicken for dinner.
B1 noun /ɡæp/

gap

Meaning
An empty space or break between two objects or parts; a difference or disparity.
Example
There is a huge gap between the rich and the poor.
B2 noun ˌɡloʊ.bəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

globalization

Meaning
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
Example
Globalization has connected economies across the world.
B2 verb /ɡreɪz/

graze

Meaning
To feed on grass; to touch or scrape lightly while passing.
Example
The cows graze in the meadow every morning.
C2 adjective /ˈɡloʊboʊs/

globose

Meaning
Spherical or nearly spherical in shape.
Example
The cactus has large globose fruits.
C1 noun /ɡrəˈtjuːɪti/

gratuity

Meaning
A sum of money given as a tip or a retirement benefit.
Example
The waiter received a generous gratuity for his excellent service.
B1 noun ɡlæns

glance

Meaning
A quick or brief look.
Example
He glanced at the river and felt calm.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrɪz.li/

grisly

Meaning
causing horror or disgust
Example
The police discovered a grisly scene at the crime site.
C1 noun /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɒlədʒi/

gynecology

Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with women's reproductive health
Example
She decided to specialize in gynecology after medical school.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɛntri/

gentry

Meaning
People of good social position, usually of high birth or wealthy landowners
Example
The gentry of the town gathered for the annual ball.
B2 noun /ɡlɪmps/

Glimpse

Meaning
a momentary or partial view; a brief look or sight of something
Example
Through the window, I caught a glimpse of the beautiful garden behind the house.
A2 noun /dʒɪˈræf/

Giraffe

Meaning
a very tall African animal with a long neck and long legs
Example
The giraffe stretched its neck to reach the leaves on the tall tree.
C2 noun /ɡruːəl/

Gruel

Meaning
a thin liquid food of oatmeal or another meal boiled in milk or water
Example
The sick patient could only eat gruel.
B2 adjective /ˈɡreɪ.ʃəs/

Gracious

Meaning
kind; courteous; generous;
Example
She was very gracious and thanked everyone for their help.
A2 verb /ˈɡæðər/

gather

Meaning
to come together or collect in one place; to assemble
Example
People gather in the park for the festival.
B2 noun /ˈɡræfɪks/

graphics

Meaning
visual images, designs, or drawings used to convey information or artistic expression
Example
The website uses stunning graphics to attract visitors.
C2 noun /næt/

Gnat

Meaning
a small flying insect that bites people and animals
Example
The gnat buzzed around my head while I was reading.
C2 noun, verb /ɡəˈrɒt/

garrote

Meaning
A method of execution by strangulation, or to strangle someone with a cord or wire.
Example
The assassin attempted to garrote his target in the alley.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræf.ɪk/

Graphic

Meaning
relating to visual design; vivid; clearly described;
Example
The graphic design was colorful and eye-catching.
B2 adjective /ˈɡɪf.tɪd/

Gifted

Meaning
having exceptional talent or ability; talented;
Example
She is a gifted musician who plays multiple instruments.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌmp.ʃən/

gumption

Meaning
Courage, resourcefulness, or initiative.
Example
It takes real gumption to start your own business.
A1 adjective /ɡreɪt/

great

Meaning
Of an extent, amount, or intensity considerably above average; very good or important.
Example
She gave a great performance at the concert.
C2 adverb /ˈɡeɪmli/

gamely

Meaning
in a brave, spirited, or determined manner
Example
She gamely accepted the challenge despite the difficulties.
A1 interjection;noun /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/

goodbye

Meaning
a polite expression used when leaving or ending a conversation; the act of parting
Example
She waved and said goodbye before leaving the station.
C2 verb /ˈɡɑːrbəl/

garble

Meaning
To reproduce a message in a confused, distorted, or unclear way.
Example
The poor phone connection garbled his words.
B2 noun /ˈɡɑːr.di.ən/

Guardian

Meaning
a defender, protector, or keeper; a person legally responsible for the care of someone unable to manage their own affairs
Example
After her parents died, her uncle became her legal guardian and took care of her.
B2 verb /ˈɡæmbəl/

gamble

Meaning
to bet money on games of chance; to take a risky action
Example
He decided to gamble his savings on the stock market.
C2 noun /ˈɡæli/

galley

Meaning
A low, flat ship used in ancient times, often with sails and oars; also, a kitchen on a ship or aircraft.
Example
The galley was filled with the smell of freshly cooked food.
C1 noun /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdər/

Gunpowder

Meaning
explosive powder used in guns and fireworks
Example
Gunpowder was invented in ancient China.
A2 adjective /ɡreɪ/

Grey

Meaning
having a color between black and white
Example
The grey clouds indicated that rain was coming.
C2 noun /ˈɡævəl/

gavel

Meaning
A small ceremonial mallet used by a judge or an auctioneer to signal attention or mark a decision.
Example
The judge struck the gavel to call the court to order.
C1 adjective /ˈɡriːvəs/

grievous

Meaning
Causing great pain, suffering, or sorrow.
Example
The accident was a grievous blow to the community.
C1 noun /ˈɡæmbɪt/

gambit

Meaning
a calculated move or remark intended to gain an advantage, especially in chess or conversation
Example
His opening gambit in the debate caught everyone by surprise.
C1 noun /ɡeɪl/

Gale

Meaning
a very strong wind; a wind of force 7 to 10 on the Beaufort scale
Example
The fishing boats returned to harbor early due to the approaching gale.
B2 adjective /ˈɡraʊndɪd/

grounded

Meaning
Well balanced and sensible; having a sound basis in reality or fact.
Example
Staying grounded during difficult situations helps with resilience.
B2 noun /ɡoʊld fɪʃ/

Gold fish

Meaning
a small ornamental freshwater fish with golden or orange coloration, commonly kept as a pet
Example
The goldfish swam in circles around its glass bowl.
B2 noun /ˈɡæm.blər/

Gambler

Meaning
a person who gambles regularly, typically someone who cannot resist the urge to gamble
Example
The experienced gambler knew when to fold his cards and when to bet big.
C2 verb /ˈɡæmbəl/

gambol

Meaning
to run or jump about playfully
Example
The lambs gamboled in the field under the sun.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪn/

genuine

Meaning
real and authentic; not fake or artificial
Example
This is a genuine leather bag.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæst.li/

ghastly

Meaning
Causing great horror or fear; very unpleasant.
Example
The crime scene was a ghastly sight.
C2 noun /ˈɡræfaɪt/

graphite

Meaning
a soft, black form of carbon used in pencils and as a lubricant
Example
The artist sketched the portrait using a graphite pencil.
C2 noun /ˈɡɜːrdər/

girder

Meaning
a large, strong beam used to support buildings or bridges
Example
The steel girders held the weight of the bridge.
C2 noun /ˈɡlʌtəni/

gluttony

Meaning
Excessive eating or drinking; overindulgence in food or drink.
Example
His gluttony during the festival left him feeling sick.
C1 adjective /ˈɡraʊnd.ləs/

Groundless

Meaning
without foundation or justification; baseless
Example
His accusations against her were completely groundless.
C2 adjective /ˈɡlʌt.ən.əs/

gluttonous

Meaning
Excessively greedy in eating or consuming.
Example
His gluttonous appetite shocked everyone at the dinner table.
B2 noun /ɡler/

Glare

Meaning
a fierce or angry stare; a strong and dazzling light
Example
The teacher's stern glare silenced the noisy students immediately.
C1 noun /ˈɡæloʊz/

gallows

Meaning
A structure used for hanging criminals who have been sentenced to death.
Example
The criminal was led to the gallows at dawn.
B2 phrase ˈɡləʊ.bəl ˌkəʊ.ɒp.əˈreɪ.ʃən

global cooperation

Meaning
International collaboration and working together across countries to address common challenges and goals.
Example
Global cooperation is essential to address climate challenges.
C1 noun /ɡəˈrɪlə/

guerrilla

Meaning
a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger forces
Example
The guerrilla fighters used ambushes to attack enemy positions.
C1 verb /ˈɡælvənaɪz/

galvanize

Meaning
to shock or excite someone into taking action; to coat iron or steel with a protective layer of zinc
Example
The speech galvanized the crowd into action.
B2 noun /ɡʌlf/

Gulf

Meaning
a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land; a wide gap or difference between people or groups
Example
The Persian Gulf is an important waterway for international shipping and oil transport.
A1 noun /ɡlæs/

Glass

Meaning
a drinking container made of glass; hard transparent material
Example
He drank a glass of cold water after the workout.
C2 verb /ˈdʒaɪreɪt/

gyrate

Meaning
to move or spin quickly in circles
Example
The dancer gyrated wildly to the rhythm of the drums.
C1 noun ˌdʒɛriˈætrɪk səˈsaɪəti

geriatric society

Meaning
A society or community where elderly people make up a large proportion of the population
Example
A geriatric society demands specialized healthcare systems.
A2 noun /ɡəʊlz/

goals

Meaning
Objectives or targets that someone aims to achieve.
Example
Achieving development goals requires cooperation.
A2 adverb /ˈdʒɛnərəli/

generally

Meaning
in most cases; usually; as a rule
Example
He generally arrives at work before 9 a.m.
A2 noun /dʒɪm/

gym

Meaning
a place equipped for physical exercise and fitness training
Example
He goes to the gym every morning to work out.
A2 noun /ɡɒlf/

golf

Meaning
A game in which players use clubs to hit a ball into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.
Example
He spends his weekends playing golf with his friends.
C1 noun /ɡlɔːs/

Gloss

Meaning
a shiny or lustrous surface finish; a superficially attractive appearance; lip gloss
Example
She applied a clear gloss to her lips to give them a shiny, healthy appearance.
C1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.lənd/

Garland

Meaning
a wreath of flowers and leaves, worn on the head or hung as decoration
Example
The bride wore a beautiful floral garland during the traditional ceremony.
B2 noun /ɡɪə(r)/

gear

Meaning
Equipment or apparatus for a particular purpose; also a toothed wheel in machinery.
Example
The climber packed all his gear before starting the journey.
C2 adjective /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli/

gangly

Meaning
Tall, thin, and awkward in movement or appearance.
Example
The gangly teenager stumbled while trying to dance.
C2 noun /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

gradation

Meaning
A gradual change from one stage, tone, or degree to another.
Example
The artist used subtle gradation of colors in her painting.
C2 noun /ˈɡrændɪləkwəns/

grandiloquence

Meaning
Pompous or extravagant language, style, or manner, often intended to impress
Example
The politician’s speech was full of empty grandiloquence.
C1 noun /ˈɡær.ɪ.sən/

garrison

Meaning
A body of troops stationed in a particular location, usually to defend it.
Example
The garrison defended the fortress against the invaders.
B2 noun /ˈɡlɑːs.weər/

Glass-ware

Meaning
objects made of glass, especially drinking glasses and decorative objects
Example
The wedding registry included fine glassware.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæstrɪk/

gastric

Meaning
Relating to the stomach.
Example
She was prescribed medicine for her gastric problems.
A2 noun /ˈɡræmər/

grammar

Meaning
the system and structure of a language, including rules for syntax, morphology, and usage
Example
She studied grammar to improve her writing skills.
B1 noun /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

gathering

Meaning
a meeting or assembly of people for a particular purpose
Example
We attended a family gathering last weekend.
C2 noun/verb /ɡraʊs/

grouse

Meaning
A type of bird; or to complain or grumble persistently.
Example
He always grouses about the long hours at work.
C2 noun /ˈɡʊrmənd/

gourmand

Meaning
A person who enjoys eating a lot or has a great appetite for food.
Example
As a true gourmand, he never missed an opportunity to try new dishes.
C1 adjective /ɡlaɪˈsiː.mɪk/

glycemic

Meaning
Relating to the presence of glucose in the blood and how foods affect blood sugar levels.
Example
High-glycemic foods cause a rapid increase in blood sugar.
B2 adverb /ˈdʒɛnjʊɪnli/

genuinely

Meaning
in a truthful and sincere way
Example
She genuinely cares about the environment.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræs.i/

Grassy

Meaning
covered with grass; resembling grass in color; green like grass
Example
The grassy field stretched as far as the eye could see.
C1 verb /ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/

gratify

Meaning
to give pleasure or satisfaction to someone
Example
It gratified him to know his work was appreciated.
A1 noun /ɡɜːrl/

girl

Meaning
a female child or young woman
Example
The girl was playing with her friends in the park.
A2 noun /ɡlʌv/

glove

Meaning
A covering for the hand with separate parts for the fingers and thumb.
Example
She wore gloves to protect her hands from the cold.
C2 noun /ˈɡælvəˌnɪzəm/

galvanism

Meaning
Electricity produced by chemical action, especially in a battery; the therapeutic use of electricity in medicine.
Example
Galvanism played a key role in early experiments with electricity.
B2 noun /ˈɡleɪʃər/

glacier

Meaning
a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land
Example
The glacier is slowly melting due to climate change.
B2 noun/verb /ˈɡlɪtər/

glitter

Meaning
To shine with bright, shimmering light; or decorative sparkles.
Example
Her dress glittered under the stage lights.
C2 noun /ˈɡɒz.lɪŋ/

gosling

Meaning
a young goose
Example
The mother goose carefully protected her goslings.
B2 noun /ˈɡreɪv.jɑːrd/

Graveyard

Meaning
an area of land set aside for burial of the dead; a cemetery
Example
The old graveyard near the church dates back to the 18th century.
C1 verb, noun /ˈɡrɪməs/

grimace

Meaning
to make an ugly, twisted expression on one's face, usually in disgust or pain
Example
He grimaced when he tasted the sour fruit.
B2 noun /ˈɡɑː.mənt/

garment

Meaning
An item of clothing.
Example
She bought a new garment for the party.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɪt.ər.ɪŋ/

Glittering

Meaning
shining with bright light; sparkling; brilliant;
Example
The glittering stars filled the clear night sky.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrʌdʒɪŋ/

grudging

Meaning
Reluctant or unwilling; given or allowed only with hesitation.
Example
She gave him a grudging smile after the argument.
B1 noun /ˈɡɪvər/

giver

Meaning
a person who gives something
Example
She was always a generous giver to charity.
C2 adjective /ˈɡʌstəˌtɔːri/

gustatory

Meaning
relating to the sense of taste
Example
The restaurant offered a gustatory experience unlike any other.
B2 noun /ˈɡləʊ.bəl piːs/

global peace

Meaning
Worldwide harmony and absence of conflict between nations.
Example
Global peace requires collective efforts.
A2 noun /ˈɡʊdnəs/

goodness

Meaning
the quality of being morally good or virtuous
Example
Her goodness was evident in the way she treated others.
C2 noun /ˈɡɔːntlɪt/

gauntlet

Meaning
a protective glove; a challenge or trial; to 'throw down the gauntlet' means to issue a challenge
Example
The knight threw down his gauntlet as a sign of challenge.
B2 noun /ɡʌm/

Gum

Meaning
the firm flesh that surrounds the roots of the teeth; a viscous secretion
Example
The dentist checked her gum for any signs of disease.
C2 verb /ˈɡrʌvəl/

grovel

Meaning
To act in an excessively humble or submissive way to gain favor.
Example
He groveled before his boss to avoid punishment.
C1 adjective /ɡrəˈtjuːɪtəs/

gratuitous

Meaning
Unnecessary, unwarranted, or given freely without reason or cause.
Example
The movie was criticized for its gratuitous violence.
C1 verb /ɡreɪt/

grate

Meaning
to shred food into small pieces using a grater; to irritate or annoy
Example
She grated the cheese for the pasta dish.
B1 adverb /ˈɡrædʒ.u.ə.li/

Gradually

Meaning
slowly and steadily over a period of time
Example
The weather gradually became warmer in spring.
A2 adjective /ɡlæd/

Glad

Meaning
happy; pleased; delighted;
Example
I am glad to see you after such a long time.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑː.nər/

garner

Meaning
To gather or collect, especially information, support, or approval.
Example
The politician garnered support from young voters.
B1 noun/verb /ˌɡærənˈtiː/

guarantee

Meaning
a formal promise or assurance, especially about the quality or durability of a product
Example
The company guarantees a refund if the product is faulty.
C1 noun /ɡruːv/

groove

Meaning
a long narrow cut or depression, or a rhythmic pattern in music
Example
The DJ kept the crowd dancing to the groove.
A2 adjective /ˈɡoʊldən/

Golden

Meaning
having the color of gold; bright yellow
Example
The golden sunset painted the sky beautifully.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛsteɪt/

gestate

Meaning
to carry and develop in the womb during pregnancy; to develop an idea over a period of time
Example
The mother whale gestates her calf for over a year.
C1 noun /ˈɡæm.ət/

gamut

Meaning
The complete range or scope of something.
Example
Her emotions ran the gamut from joy to sorrow in just a few minutes.
C1 noun /ɡlɪtʃ/

glitch

Meaning
A sudden, usually temporary fault or malfunction in a system or device.
Example
The computer crashed due to a minor glitch in the software.
C2 adjective /nɑːrld/

gnarled

Meaning
Twisted, rough, and knotted, especially with age.
Example
The old man had gnarled hands from years of hard work.
C2 noun /ˈdʒaɪrəˌskoʊp/

gyroscope

Meaning
A device consisting of a wheel or disk mounted so it can spin rapidly and maintain orientation, used for navigation and balance.
Example
The airplane's navigation system relies on a gyroscope for stability.
C1 verb/adjective /ˈɡræspɪŋ/

grasping

Meaning
Holding firmly; or (as an adjective) excessively greedy.
Example
The child was grasping her mother’s hand tightly.
B2 noun /ɡoʊl ˈsɛt.ɪŋ/

goal-setting

Meaning
The process of identifying something that you want to accomplish and establishing measurable objectives to achieve it.
Example
Effective goal-setting helps individuals stay focused and motivated.
C1 adjective /ˈɡɑːrdɪd/

guarded

Meaning
Cautious and careful in speech or action, often to avoid giving too much away.
Example
He gave a guarded reply to the journalist.
A1 verb /ɡroʊ/

grow

Meaning
to become larger or greater over a period of time; to develop
Example
Plants grow faster in spring.
C2 noun /ˈɡeɪm.stər/

gamester

Meaning
A person who plays games, especially one who plays them skillfully or professionally.
Example
The old tavern was filled with gamesters competing in cards and dice.