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All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
A2 noun /ˈfæktəri/

factory

Meaning
A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured.
Example
He works in a shoe factory.
B1 verb /spɔɪl/

spoil

Meaning
to damage or ruin something
Example
The rain spoiled the outdoor event.
B2 adjective /ˈduː.əl/

Dual

Meaning
having two parts or consisting of two elements; double
Example
She has dual citizenship of both countries.
A2 adverb /bɪˈsaɪdz/

Besides

Meaning
in addition to; moreover; furthermore
Example
Besides being smart, he is also kind.
C2 verb /ɪnˈθrɔːl/

enthral

Meaning
To captivate or hold someone’s full attention.
Example
The magician’s performance enthralled the audience.
C2 noun /əˈklɪvɪti/

acclivity

Meaning
An upward slope or incline on the ground.
Example
The hikers struggled as they climbed the steep acclivity.
C2 adjective /ˈleɪ.baɪl/ or /ˈlæb.aɪl/

labile

Meaning
easily altered or unstable; prone to change
Example
Her mood was so labile that it changed several times in an hour.
B2 noun /lɔːɡ/

Log

Meaning
a piece of a dead or felled tree trunk or branch, especially one stripped of bark
Example
They sat on a log by the campfire.
C2 adjective hjʊˈrɪs.tɪk

heuristic

Meaning
Enabling a person to discover or learn something for themselves; experimental learning approach.
Example
Teachers use heuristic techniques to encourage self-learning.
C2 adjective /kənˈsʌmptɪv/

consumptive

Meaning
Relating to or characterized by consumption; historically used to describe someone suffering from tuberculosis.
Example
The doctor advised against consumptive habits.
A1 noun /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsɪti/

university

Meaning
an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees
Example
She is studying law at the university.
C2 noun /ˈrɪvjʊlət/

rivulet

Meaning
a small stream of water; a tiny brook
Example
A rivulet ran down the hillside after the rain.
A1 adjective/adverb /lɛs/

less

Meaning
A smaller amount; not as much.
Example
She spends less money than her brother.
C1 noun /ˈbaɪ.laɪn/

byline

Meaning
A line in a newspaper or magazine article that names the writer.
Example
Her byline appeared on the front page of the newspaper.
C1 noun /truːp/

troupe

Meaning
A group of dancers, actors, or performers who work together.
Example
The theater troupe performed brilliantly on stage.
C2 noun /ˌlaɪ.pəˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

lipogenesis

Meaning
The metabolic process of fat synthesis where excess carbohydrates are converted into fatty acids and stored as triglycerides.
Example
Excess carbohydrate intake promotes lipogenesis and fat storage.
C1 noun /ˈvæntɪdʒ/

vantage

Meaning
a position or situation that gives an advantage or a good view
Example
From this vantage, we could see the entire valley.
B2 adjective /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/

Productive

Meaning
efficient; yielding good results; fruitful
Example
Working from home has made me more productive than ever before.
C1 adjective /ˈprɪvi/

privy

Meaning
having access to secret or private knowledge
Example
She was privy to the confidential discussions.
B2 adverb dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət.li

deliberately

Meaning
Consciously and intentionally; on purpose.
Example
The actions were deliberately planned to cause harm.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərəbl/

inconsiderable

Meaning
Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.
Example
The donation was not inconsiderable, though smaller than expected.
B2 verb ম্যানিফেস্ট

manifest

Meaning
To show or demonstrate clearly; to become evident or apparent.
Example
Symptoms of De Quervain's Syndrome may manifest after prolonged phone use.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛrənˈθɛtɪkəl/

parenthetical

Meaning
Relating to or expressed in parentheses; a side remark or digression.
Example
He added a parenthetical comment during the lecture.
B2 adverb /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃəli/

Artificially

Meaning
by artificial means; not naturally; in a fake manner
Example
The lake was artificially created for irrigation purposes.
A1 noun, adjective, adverb /raɪt/

right

Meaning
something that is morally good, fair, or just; or a legal/entitled claim
Example
Everyone has the right to free speech.
A2 noun səkˈsɛs

success

Meaning
The accomplishment of an aim or purpose; the attainment of popularity or profit
Example
Success requires focus and determination.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

imposing

Meaning
having an appearance that is grand, impressive, or commanding
Example
The castle is an imposing structure overlooking the valley.
A1 interjection /həˈloʊ/

hello

Meaning
a greeting or expression used when meeting someone or starting a conversation
Example
She answered the phone with a cheerful hello.
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
A1 verb /sel/

sell

Meaning
to give something to someone in exchange for money
Example
They sell fresh fruits at the market.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
C1 noun /haɪˈpɜːrbəli/

hyperbole

Meaning
Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.
Example
Saying he could run a thousand miles in a day is pure hyperbole.
C1 adjective /əˈmiːnəbl/

amenable

Meaning
willing to cooperate or be influenced; open to suggestions
Example
She was amenable to the idea of working longer hours.
A1 adjective /ˈsɪmpəl/

Simple

Meaning
easy to understand or do; not complicated
Example
This is a simple recipe that anyone can follow.
B2 noun /ˈbɒmɪŋ/

bombing

Meaning
an attack using bombs or explosives
Example
The city was devastated by the bombing.
A2 adjective /sɔft/

Soft

Meaning
not hard or firm; gentle; quiet; tender
Example
The pillow is very soft and comfortable.
B1 noun ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn

recognition

Meaning
Acknowledgment of the existence, validity, or legality of something; appreciation or acclaim for an achievement, service, or ability.
Example
He earned recognition after years of struggle.
B2 adjective /dɪˈstrɛst/

distressed

Meaning
feeling or showing extreme anxiety, sorrow, or pain
Example
She looked distressed after hearing the bad news.
B2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪsɪŋ/

promising

Meaning
showing signs of future success or potential
Example
She is a promising young scientist with great ideas.
C2 verb /priːˈfɪɡjər/

prefigure

Meaning
to represent, show, or foreshadow something in advance
Example
The economic reforms prefigure major social changes.
C1 noun /ˈmɪd.əl.mæn/

Middleman

Meaning
A person who acts as an intermediary between two parties in a business transaction
Example
They decided to cut out the middleman and sell directly to customers.
B2 adjective /ˈiːtəbl̩/

eatable

Meaning
suitable or safe for eating
Example
The berries are not only eatable but also quite tasty.
C1 noun /ɔːˈdæs.ə.ti/

audacity

Meaning
The willingness to take bold risks; boldness or fearlessness.
Example
His audacity to question authority was admirable.
A2 adverb /ˈrɛə(r)li/

rarely

Meaning
not often, infrequently
Example
She rarely eats sweets because of her diet.
C2 adjective /kəˈmoʊdiəs/

commodious

Meaning
spacious and comfortable; having plenty of room
Example
They rented a commodious apartment in the city.
C1 noun ˌriːˌvaɪ.təl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

revitalization

Meaning
The action of giving new life and vitality to something.
Example
Proper rest and nutrition lead to revitalization of the body.
C1 noun /ˌʌl.tɪˈmeɪ.təm/

Ultimatum

Meaning
a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation
Example
The boss gave him an ultimatum: improve or be fired.
C1 noun /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

Sanction

Meaning
official permission or approval; a penalty for disobeying a rule
Example
The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.
B2 verb /wiːv/

weave

Meaning
to make cloth by interlacing threads; to move in and out
Example
She learned to weave beautiful carpets.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtæŋɡəl/

entangle

Meaning
to become twisted together or caught in something; to involve in difficulties
Example
The fish got entangled in the net.
C2 noun /ˈlæsɪtjuːd/

lassitude

Meaning
a state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy
Example
After the long hike, a feeling of lassitude swept over the group.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmaɪndfəl/

Unmindful

Meaning
not paying attention; careless; heedless
Example
She was unmindful of the danger around her.
C1 noun /ˌɪnˈdɪsəplɪn/

indiscipline

Meaning
lack of discipline or self-control; failure to obey rules or maintain order
Example
Indiscipline among the students disrupted the learning environment.
B1 noun /ˈsɪɡ.nəl/

Signal

Meaning
a gesture, action, or sound that conveys information or instruction
Example
The traffic signal turned red, so we stopped.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrkeɪndʒəl/

archangel

Meaning
A high-ranking angel, often considered a chief messenger or leader among angels.
Example
Michael is often depicted as the most powerful archangel.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtʃɪdnəs/

wretchedness

Meaning
a state of misery, unhappiness, or poor condition
Example
The novel depicts the wretchedness of war victims.
C1 adjective /ˈɡruːsəm/

gruesome

Meaning
Causing horror or disgust.
Example
The police discovered a gruesome crime scene.
C1 verb /əˈpɔːl/

appall

Meaning
To shock or horrify someone with something unpleasant or bad.
Example
The cruelty of the crime appalled the entire community.
C1 adjective /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/

Finite

Meaning
limited; having bounds or limits; not infinite
Example
Earth has finite natural resources.
B2 adjective /əˈlɛdʒd/

alleged

Meaning
said or thought to be true, but not proven
Example
The alleged thief was caught by the police.
B2 adjective /prɪˈventɪv/

Preventive

Meaning
designed to prevent something from happening; protective against disease
Example
Regular exercise is a preventive measure against heart disease.
C1 noun /ˈruːdɪmənt/

rudiment

Meaning
A basic principle, element, or fundamental part of something.
Example
He learned the rudiments of music before joining the band.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnˈnoʊ.tɪst/

Unnoticed

Meaning
not seen or observed; ignored
Example
His hard work went unnoticed by his manager.
C1 noun /sleɪ/

sleigh

Meaning
A vehicle pulled by horses or reindeer over snow or ice.
Example
Children were excited to ride in the sleigh through the snowy village.
B2 noun /ˈoʊtˌmiːl/

oatmeal

Meaning
A type of porridge made from ground oats, often eaten for breakfast.
Example
She eats a bowl of oatmeal every morning for breakfast.
A1 interjection;noun /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/

goodbye

Meaning
a polite expression used when leaving or ending a conversation; the act of parting
Example
She waved and said goodbye before leaving the station.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/

Water Spinach

Meaning
A semi-aquatic leafy vegetable with hollow stems, popular in Asian cuisine
Example
Water spinach grows well in wet soil.
A2 noun /ˈsen.tər/

center

Meaning
A place or building designated for a particular activity or service.
Example
The first robotic surgery center was established in Rangpur.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrmən/

foreman

Meaning
a person in charge of a group of workers, especially in a factory or construction site
Example
The foreman supervised the workers on the construction site.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

indignation

Meaning
Strong displeasure or anger caused by something unjust, offensive, or insulting.
Example
Public indignation grew after the unfair verdict.
C1 verb /səˈkʌm/

succumb

Meaning
To give in to pressure, temptation, or illness; to yield or fail to resist.
Example
He finally succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.
C2 verb /həˈmɑː.dʒə.naɪz/

homogenize

Meaning
To make uniform or similar by blending or mixing different elements.
Example
The company tried to homogenize its products across global markets.
C1 adjective /fəˈroʊ.ʃəs/

Ferocious

Meaning
savagely fierce, cruel, or violent; extremely aggressive
Example
The ferocious storm destroyed many houses in the coastal area.
C2 conjunction /ˌɪnəzˈmʌtʃ æz/

inasmuch-as

Meaning
Because; since.
Example
He cannot attend, inasmuch as he is unwell.
A2 noun /stɔːrm/

Storm

Meaning
a violent weather condition with strong winds, rain, thunder, and lightning
Example
The storm caused power outages across the city.
C2 noun /ˈpɛtrəˌɡræf/

petrograph

Meaning
a description or representation of rocks, especially in detailed scientific writing
Example
The scientist studied the petrograph to understand the rock composition.
C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒɔːr/

pledgeor

Meaning
a person who gives or offers a pledge or security
Example
The bank accepted the jewelry from the pledgeor as collateral for the loan.
B2 noun/verb /ˈbrækɪt/

bracket

Meaning
A support attached to a wall for holding something; also, to group things together.
Example
The shelf was held up by a strong metal bracket.
C2 noun /lɒx/

loch

Meaning
a lake or sea inlet, especially in Scotland
Example
Tourists visit Loch Ness to search for the legendary monster.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

Meaning
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other
Example
The two partners have complementary skills.
C2 noun /ˈbɪvuˌæk/

bivouac

Meaning
a temporary camp without tents or cover, usually used by soldiers or mountaineers
Example
The climbers set up a bivouac on the mountainside.
C1 noun /ˈnɛktəriːn/

nectarine

Meaning
A smooth-skinned variety of peach.
Example
She bought a basket of fresh nectarines from the market.
B2 noun /ˈɔɪ.stər/

Oyster

Meaning
a type of shellfish that can be eaten and sometimes contains pearls
Example
She ordered fresh oysters at the seafood restaurant.
C2 verb /bɪˈleɪbə/

belabour

Meaning
to explain something repeatedly or with excessive detail; to criticize or attack verbally at length
Example
The teacher did not belabour the point once the students understood it.
B1 noun /əˈtendəns/

Attendance

Meaning
the action or state of going regularly to or being present at a place or event
Example
The teacher takes attendance at the beginning of each class.
B1 noun /ɪkˈsten.ʃən/

Extension

Meaning
the action of extending something; additional time or space
Example
The professor granted an extension for the assignment deadline.
C2 noun /ˈkærəm/

Carom

Meaning
aromatic seeds of a plant used as a spice, especially in Indian cooking
Example
Carom seeds are often used in traditional Indian bread recipes.
A1 adjective/adverb /ɪˈnʌf/

enough

Meaning
as much or as many as required
Example
We have enough food for everyone.
C2 noun /ˌmæskəˈreɪd/

masquerade

Meaning
a party or gathering where people wear masks and costumes; a false outward show
Example
The charity event was held as a grand masquerade.
C1 noun /trentʃ/

Trench

Meaning
a long, narrow ditch; a deep furrow in the ground, especially one used for military defense
Example
The soldiers dug a trench for protection during the battle.
C1 noun /ˈrɛɡjəleɪtər/

regulator

Meaning
a person or device that controls or maintains the operation of a system
Example
The government appointed a new regulator for the financial sector.
B1 noun /ˈfɪzɪks/

physics

Meaning
the natural science that studies matter, energy, and the interactions between them
Example
She decided to major in physics at the university.
B2 adjective ˈskɒl.ə.li

scholarly

Meaning
Having or showing great knowledge or learning; academic in approach or method.
Example
He wrote a scholarly article on ancient philosophy.
A2 verb /dəˈrɛkt/ or /daɪˈrɛkt/

direct

Meaning
to manage or control the course of something; to give instructions
Example
She directed the team to complete the project on time.
B2 adjective /ˈstaɪ.lɪʃ/

Stylish

Meaning
fashionable and attractive; having elegance or taste in appearance
Example
She wore a stylish dress to the party.
B2 noun/verb /hɜːrd/

herd

Meaning
a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together; or to gather animals into a group.
Example
The shepherd herded the sheep into the pen.
B2 noun /treɪˈniː/

Trainee

Meaning
a person undergoing training for a particular job or profession; a novice learner
Example
The medical trainee worked long hours to gain practical experience.
C2 noun /rɪˈpruːf/

reproof

Meaning
An expression of blame or disapproval.
Example
His careless words drew a sharp reproof from his mother.
A2 adjective /ˈkeər.ləs/

Careless

Meaning
not giving sufficient attention or thought to avoiding harm or errors; negligent; inattentive
Example
His careless driving caused a serious accident on the highway.
B1 noun /pɑrˈtɪs.ə.pənt/

Participant

Meaning
a person who takes part in something; someone who participates in an activity or event
Example
Every participant in the marathon received a medal.
B1 noun /ˈwɔːtərfɔːl/

Waterfall

Meaning
a cascade of water falling from a height, formed when a river or stream flows over a precipice or steep incline
Example
The magnificent waterfall attracts thousands of tourists every year.
C2 noun /ˈstrætədʒəm/

stratagem

Meaning
a plan or scheme designed to achieve a particular goal, often by trickery
Example
The general devised a clever stratagem to outwit the enemy.
C1 verb əˈkruː

accrue

Meaning
To accumulate or receive (payments or benefits) over time.
Example
Interest accrues on the savings account every month.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɒkənd/

jocund

Meaning
cheerful and lighthearted
Example
They walked together in a jocund mood after the celebration.
B2 noun /ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/

Influencer

Meaning
A person with the ability to influence potential buyers of a product or service by promoting or recommending the items on social media.
Example
Social media influencers shape consumer preferences.
B2 adjective/verb /kəˈrʌpt/

corrupt

Meaning
dishonest or morally wrong; to make something impure or evil
Example
The politician was accused of corrupt practices.
B2 adjective /ˈreɪʃəl/

racial

Meaning
relating to a race of people
Example
Racial equality is an important issue in many societies.
C2 noun /ˈbɒnəmi/

bonhomie

Meaning
Cheerful friendliness and geniality.
Example
The meeting was filled with laughter and bonhomie.
C1 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈsɛp.tɪ.bəl

imperceptible

Meaning
So subtle or gradual that it is difficult to notice or perceive
Example
The changes in his behavior were imperceptible at first.
B1 verb /prɪˈdɪkt/

predict

Meaning
to say that something will happen in the future
Example
Scientists predict rain tomorrow.
C1 noun /əbˈzɜːrvətɔːri/

observatory

Meaning
A building equipped for observing astronomical or meteorological events.
Example
The observatory is open to the public on weekends.
C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

Meaning
To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.
Example
The team equalized the score in the last minute.
C2 noun /ˈpɪnjən/

pinion

Meaning
a small gear or the outer part of a bird's wing; to restrain or immobilize
Example
The bird's pinion was injured, preventing it from flying.
A2 verb /fraɪ/

fry

Meaning
to cook food in hot oil or fat
Example
She fries eggs for breakfast every morning.
B1 adjective /pleɪn/

plain

Meaning
simple or clear, without decoration or complexity
Example
She wore a plain white dress to the ceremony.
C2 verb /ˈʌndərˌraɪt/

underwrite

Meaning
To guarantee financial support, especially by agreeing to cover losses or risks; in insurance, to assess and accept risks.
Example
The bank agreed to underwrite the company's new bond issue.
A2 noun /prəˈdʌkʃən/

production

Meaning
the process of manufacturing or creating something
Example
The production of this film took over a year.
A1 adjective /sloʊ/

slow

Meaning
moving or happening at a low speed
Example
The car moved slowly down the street.
C2 adjective /həˈmɑː.lə.ɡəs/

homologous

Meaning
Having the same relation, relative position, or structure, especially due to evolutionary origin.
Example
The wings of bats and the arms of humans are homologous structures.
A2 noun /ˈkɒf.i ˈmeɪ.kər/

Coffee maker

Meaning
an electric appliance used to brew coffee automatically
Example
I use my coffee maker every morning to brew fresh coffee.
C2 verb /əbˈskɒnd/

abscond

Meaning
to leave secretly and quickly, often to avoid arrest or punishment
Example
The thief tried to abscond with the stolen jewelry.