externally
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B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɜrnəli/

externally

Meaning
in a way that relates to the outer surface or outside appearance
Example
The building appeared externally modern, but inside it was quite old-fashioned.
C2 verb /ɛkˈskɔːrieɪt/

excoriate

Meaning
To strongly criticize someone; to denounce severely.
Example
The critic excoriated the film for its poor script.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfɛmɪnət/

effeminate

Meaning
Having traits, tastes, or habits traditionally considered feminine, often used negatively for men.
Example
The critics described him as effeminate due to his gentle manner.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbɛl.ɪʃ/

embellish

Meaning
To make something more attractive by adding decorative details or exaggerating.
Example
He tends to embellish stories to make them more interesting.
C2 verb /ˈɛkspieɪt/

expiate

Meaning
to make amends for guilt or wrongdoing
Example
He tried to expiate his crime by helping the poor.
C1 noun /ɪɡˌzɪl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

exhilaration

Meaning
A feeling of excitement, happiness, or elation.
Example
The feeling of exhilaration after a roller-coaster ride is amazing.
C2 verb /ˌɛvəˈnɛs/

evanesce

Meaning
To disappear gradually; to fade away.
Example
The mist began to evanesce as the sun rose higher.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstræpəleɪtɪŋ/

extrapolating

Meaning
Extend the application of (a method or conclusion) to an unknown situation by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
Extrapolating from the current data, we can estimate the trends for next year.
C2 noun /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/

encyclical

Meaning
a formal letter sent by the Pope to Catholic churches, usually addressing important issues
Example
The Pope issued an encyclical on climate change and moral responsibility.
C2 verb /ɪˈkwɪvəˌkeɪt/

equivocate

Meaning
To speak ambiguously or avoid giving a clear answer.
Example
The politician equivocated when asked about the scandal.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrθi/

earthy

Meaning
resembling or suggestive of earth or soil; simple, natural, and sometimes coarse
Example
The dish had a rich, earthy flavor from the mushrooms.
B2 verb /ɪkˈstrækt/

extract

Meaning
to remove or take out something, often with effort
Example
The dentist had to extract the damaged tooth.
B2 noun /ˈaɪ.bɔːl/

Eyeball

Meaning
the round part of the eye within the eyelids and socket
Example
The doctor examined his eyeball carefully.
C2 noun /ˌɛntəˈmɒlədʒi/

entomology

Meaning
The scientific study of insects.
Example
She studied entomology to understand the behavior of bees.
C1 verb /ɪmˈboʊl.dən/

embolden

Meaning
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
Example
The coach's words emboldened the team to play aggressively.
B2 adjective /ɪˈlɛktərəl/

electoral

Meaning
related to elections or voting
Example
The electoral process in the country has been reformed in recent years.
B1 noun ɪˈkwɒl.ə.ti

equality

Meaning
The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.
Example
Equality in education is a key goal.
B2 noun /ɪˈkweɪʒən/

equation

Meaning
a mathematical statement that shows the equality of two expressions
Example
He solved the equation to find the value of x.
A2 verb /ɪkˈspres/

express

Meaning
to show or make known a feeling, thought, or opinion
Example
She expressed her gratitude for the help she received.
C2 adjective /ˈɛrzæts/

ersatz

Meaning
made or used as a substitute, typically an inferior one
Example
The cheap shoes were made of ersatz leather.
C1 noun /ˈɛksɜːrpt/

excerpt

Meaning
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
Example
The teacher read an excerpt from the novel.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdɪr/

endear

Meaning
To cause someone to be loved or liked.
Example
Her kindness and generosity endeared her to the community.
B2 noun /ˈet.ɪ.kət/

Etiquette

Meaning
the customary code of polite behavior in society or among members of a particular profession
Example
Proper etiquette requires standing when a lady enters the room.
C1 adjective /ˈɪəri/

eerie

Meaning
Strange and frightening in a mysterious way.
Example
The abandoned house had an eerie silence.
C2 adjective /ɪˈpɪstələri/

epistolary

Meaning
Related to the writing of letters; expressed in or through letters.
Example
The novel is written in an epistolary style, consisting of letters between characters.
B2 verb /ɪˈvæljueɪt/

evaluate

Meaning
To assess or judge the value, quality, or significance of something.
Example
The teacher will evaluate the students’ projects tomorrow.
C1 noun /ɪˈleɪʃən/

elation

Meaning
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.
Example
His elation was evident after winning the championship.
C2 noun /ɪˈpɪsəl/

epistle

Meaning
A letter, especially a formal or didactic one; often used for letters in the New Testament.
Example
He wrote a long epistle to his friend about his travels.
C1 adverb ˌekspəˈnenʃəli

exponentially

Meaning
At a rapidly increasing rate; growing or expanding very quickly and intensely.
Example
Internet adoption is growing exponentially worldwide.
C1 verb ɪɡˈzɛm.plɪ.faɪ

exemplify

Meaning
To be a typical example of or to illustrate something clearly, to show as an example or demonstrate.
Example
His dedication exemplifies true leadership.
C1 verb /iːk/

eke

Meaning
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
Example
The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪl/

embroil

Meaning
to involve someone deeply in a conflict, argument, or difficult situation
Example
The politician was embroiled in a major corruption scandal.
C1 noun /ˈjuːlədʒi/

eulogy

Meaning
A speech or piece of writing that praises someone, especially after their death.
Example
Her brother delivered a heartfelt eulogy at the funeral.
B1 noun /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ.mənt/

engagement

Meaning
The action of engaging or being engaged; participation or involvement.
Example
Social media engagement helps brands connect with their audience.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspæns/

expanse

Meaning
a wide, open area of land, sea, or sky
Example
The desert is a vast expanse of sand and rock.
A1 noun /ɪər/

Ear

Meaning
the organ of hearing; the ability to hear or listen
Example
She whispered something in his ear during the meeting.
B1 noun /ɪkˈsep.ʃən/

Exception

Meaning
a person or thing that is excluded from a general statement or does not follow a rule
Example
Most students passed the exam, with the exception of a few who were absent.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛvrɪwʌn/

everyone

Meaning
every person; all people
Example
Everyone must bring their own lunch.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtriːt/

entreat

Meaning
To ask earnestly or beg someone to do something.
Example
She entreated him to stay a little longer.
A1 adjective /eɪtθ/

eighth

Meaning
coming after the seventh position in a sequence; one of eight equal parts
Example
She finished in eighth place in the race.
C2 noun /ɪɡˈzækʃən/

exaction

Meaning
the act of demanding or obtaining something, especially unfairly
Example
The peasants suffered under the king's heavy exactions.
C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

Meaning
to eliminate waste matter from the body
Example
Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.
C2 noun /ˈɛpɪtɑːf/

epitaph

Meaning
A short text written on a tombstone in memory of the deceased.
Example
The gravestone bore an epitaph honoring the soldier’s bravery.
B1 noun /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

examination

Meaning
a formal test of knowledge or ability
Example
She is preparing for her final examination.
B2 verb /ɪˈnækt/

enact

Meaning
to make into law; to perform or act out
Example
The government decided to enact a new policy on education.
B2 noun ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈbæləns

ecological balance

Meaning
A state of dynamic equilibrium within a community of organisms.
Example
Maintaining ecological balance is essential for a sustainable planet.
C2 noun /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi/

epistemology

Meaning
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge.
Example
Epistemology explores the difference between justified belief and opinion.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɪɡ.mə/

enigma

Meaning
A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.
Example
Life remains an enigma to many.
A2 noun ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt

environment

Meaning
The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
Example
Protecting the environment is crucial for future generations.
C1 noun /eb/

Ebb

Meaning
the receding tide; a gradual decline or reduction
Example
The fishermen waited for the ebb before returning to shore.
C2 verb /ˈeksɪkreɪt/

execrate

Meaning
To feel or express great loathing or hatred for something.
Example
The community execrated the corrupt politician.
A1 number /ɪˈlɛvən/

eleven

Meaning
the number after ten and before twelve; 11
Example
There are eleven students in the classroom.
B1 verb /ɪkˈsplɔːr/

explore

Meaning
to travel through or study something in order to learn more about it
Example
They decided to explore the forest together.
C1 verb /ɪˈlæps/

elapse

Meaning
to pass or go by, usually referring to time
Example
Several hours elapsed before he finally returned home.
B1 adjective /ˈel.dər.li/

Elderly

Meaning
aged; advanced in years; old
Example
The elderly man walked slowly with his cane.
C1 adjective /ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪŋ/

enterprising

Meaning
showing initiative and resourcefulness; willing to take risks to achieve success
Example
She is an enterprising young entrepreneur.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌtɪzəm/

egotism

Meaning
The practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively because of an inflated sense of self-importance.
Example
His constant boasting revealed his egotism.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtriːti/

entreaty

Meaning
An earnest or humble request or plea.
Example
She made an entreaty for peace during the heated argument.
C2 noun /ɪˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

enunciation

Meaning
The act of saying or pronouncing words clearly and distinctly.
Example
His enunciation was clear during the presentation.
C1 verb /ɪnˈθrɔːl/

enthrall

Meaning
to captivate or hold someone’s attention completely
Example
The magician’s tricks enthralled the children.
C1 adjective /ˈevər ˈlæstɪŋ/

Ever-lasting

Meaning
eternal; permanent; enduring forever
Example
Their love is ever-lasting and will never fade.
C1 adjective ɪkˈskwɪzɪt

exquisite

Meaning
Extremely beautiful and delicate.
Example
The exquisite craftsmanship of the watch made it a collector's item.
B2 adverb /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/

essentially

Meaning
Used to emphasize the basic or fundamental nature of something.
Example
The two plans are essentially the same.
B2 verb /ɪɡˈzædʒəˌreɪt/

exaggerate

Meaning
to describe something as better, worse, or more important than it really is
Example
He tends to exaggerate his achievements.
A2 adjective /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.ə.bəl/

Enjoyable

Meaning
pleasant; giving satisfaction or pleasure
Example
The movie was very enjoyable and made everyone laugh.
B1 adjective /ɪkˈstendɪd/

extended

Meaning
longer or larger than usual; continuing for a longer time
Example
They took an extended vacation in Europe this summer.
C1 adjective /ɛnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdɪk/

encyclopedic

Meaning
Having comprehensive knowledge of many subjects; relating to or characteristic of an encyclopedia.
Example
Her encyclopedic knowledge of history amazed everyone at the conference.
B2 noun /ɪnˈrɪtʃ.mənt/

enrichment

Meaning
The action of improving or enhancing the quality or value of something.
Example
Cultural enrichment fosters a deeper understanding of traditions.
A2 adjective /ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

expensive

Meaning
costing a lot of money
Example
That car is too expensive for me to buy.
C2 verb /ɛmˈbɔs/

emboss

Meaning
to decorate a surface with a raised design or pattern
Example
The invitation card was embossed with golden letters.
C2 noun /ɪˈfrʌntəri/

effrontery

Meaning
shameless or rude boldness
Example
He had the effrontery to lie even when caught red-handed.
C1 noun /ˈek.stə.si/

Ecstasy

Meaning
an overwhelming feeling of great happiness or joyful excitement
Example
She was in complete ecstasy when she heard the good news.
C2 verb /ɛnˈfiːbəl/

enfeeble

Meaning
To make weak or feeble; to deprive of strength.
Example
The long illness enfeebled the old man.
C2 noun /ˈɛnsaɪn/

ensign

Meaning
A flag or standard, especially a military or naval one indicating nationality; also a junior officer in the navy or coast guard.
Example
The ship raised its national ensign before leaving the harbor.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɛktrɪfaɪ/

electrify

Meaning
to charge with electricity; to excite or thrill intensely
Example
The speaker's speech electrified the audience.
B2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.lənt/

Equivalent

Meaning
equal in value, amount, function, or meaning; having the same effect or result
Example
This amount is equivalent to ten dollars.
C1 adjective /ɪˈfɛm.ər.əl/

ephemeral

Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; temporary or transitory.
Example
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/

encompass

Meaning
To include comprehensively; to surround or encircle.
Example
The project will encompass all aspects of rural development.
B2 noun /ɪkˈskluːʒən/

exclusion

Meaning
The process or state of being left out or denied access.
Example
The policy led to the exclusion of certain groups.
C1 adjective /ɛsˈθɛtɪk/

esthetic

Meaning
Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
Example
The building’s esthetic design attracted many visitors.
A1 determiner/pronoun/conjunction/adverb /ˈaɪðər/ or /ˈiːðər/

either

Meaning
Used to indicate a choice between two alternatives.
Example
You can either call me tonight or send me an email.
C2 noun /ˈɛdi/

eddy

Meaning
A circular movement of water, air, or smoke, counter to the main current, causing a small whirlpool or turbulence.
Example
The canoe was caught in an eddy near the rocks.
B2 noun ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm

ecosystem

Meaning
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Example
A balanced ecosystem is crucial for environmental sustainability.
B2 noun /ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/

evolution

Meaning
the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form
Example
The theory of evolution explains how species change over time.
A2 noun ˈefərts

efforts

Meaning
A vigorous or determined attempt; physical or mental energy
Example
Your efforts determine your success.
C2 noun /ɪˈfʌldʒəns/

effulgence

Meaning
Brilliant radiance or shining brightness.
Example
The effulgence of the sunrise lit up the entire valley.
A2 noun /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

Exchange

Meaning
an act of giving one thing and receiving another in return
Example
The exchange of gifts is a common tradition during the holidays.
B1 noun /ɪˌlɛkˈtrɒnɪks/

electronics

Meaning
the branch of physics and technology dealing with circuits and devices using transistors, microchips, and other components
Example
He studied electronics at university.
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl

empirical

Meaning
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Example
Scientific research relies on empirical evidence.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡətɪst/

egotist

Meaning
A person who is excessively self-centered or talks too much about themselves.
Example
The egotist dominated the conversation by talking only about his own achievements.
C2 adjective /ˌɛnkəˈmiːæstɪk/

encomiastic

Meaning
Expressing praise; laudatory.
Example
The book was filled with encomiastic remarks about the author.
B2 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃən/

execution

Meaning
the act of carrying out a plan, order, or legal sentence
Example
The success of a project depends on its proper execution.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtʃænt/

enchant

Meaning
to delight or charm greatly; to cast a spell over
Example
The storyteller enchanted the children with his tales.
C2 verb /ˈɛkskʌlpeɪt/

exculpate

Meaning
to show or declare that someone is not guilty of wrongdoing
Example
The lawyer worked hard to exculpate his client.
A2 verb /ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒ/

encourage

Meaning
to give support, confidence, or hope; to motivate
Example
Teachers should encourage students to ask questions.
C2 noun /ˌɛləˈkjuːʃn/

elocution

Meaning
The skill of clear and expressive speech, especially in public speaking.
Example
She improved her elocution through constant practice.
C2 noun /ˈɛkwɪpɪdʒ/

equipage

Meaning
Equipment or a carriage with its accessories.
Example
The nobleman arrived in a grand equipage.
B1 adjective /ˈɛstɪmeɪtɪd/

estimated

Meaning
roughly calculated or judged; an approximate value or amount
Example
The estimated cost of the project is five million dollars.
B1 verb /ɪˈneɪbəl/

enable

Meaning
to make something possible; to give power or ability
Example
This software enables users to edit videos easily.
A2 noun ɪˈvɛnts

events

Meaning
A thing that happens, especially one of importance.
Example
Several events were held across the country.
B2 verb /ɪmˈbɑːrkɪŋ/

embarking

Meaning
Beginning a journey or enterprise.
Example
The group is embarking on a long journey.
B2 verb /ɪˈreɪs/

erase

Meaning
to remove completely; to delete or wipe out
Example
Use an eraser to erase the pencil marks.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.ə.neɪt/

emanate

Meaning
To come out or spread from a source.
Example
A sweet fragrance emanated from the garden.
B2 noun /ˈem.ər.əld/

Emerald

Meaning
a bright green precious stone used in jewelry
Example
The emerald necklace sparkled in the sunlight.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspænsɪv/

expansive

Meaning
covering a wide area or having a wide range of ideas or emotions
Example
They enjoyed the expansive view from the hilltop.
B1 noun /ɪɡˈzɪs.təns/

Existence

Meaning
the fact or state of living or having objective reality; being alive
Example
Scientists are searching for evidence of life's existence on other planets.
A1 adjective/adverb /ˈɜːrli/

early

Meaning
before the usual or expected time
Example
She arrived early to the meeting.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈspɒzɪtəri/

expository

Meaning
intended to explain or describe something
Example
The teacher gave an expository lecture on the topic.
C1 noun /ˈɛpɪθɛt/

epithet

Meaning
A descriptive phrase or word used to characterize someone or something, often as a nickname.
Example
He earned the epithet ‘The Great’ for his remarkable achievements.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstriː.mɪst/

Extremist

Meaning
a person who holds extreme political or religious views
Example
The government is taking measures to prevent extremist activities.
B2 adjective ɪkˈsɛsɪv

excessive

Meaning
More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.
Example
Excessive population growth leads to resource depletion.
C2 noun /ɛmˈpɔːriəm/

emporium

Meaning
A large retail store selling a wide variety of goods.
Example
They visited the new emporium to buy furniture and home decor.
C1 exclamation /juˈriːkə/

eureka

Meaning
An exclamation used to express a sudden discovery or realization.
Example
When the solution finally came to him, he shouted, 'Eureka!'
C2 noun /ˌɛksaɪˈteɪʃən/

excitation

Meaning
a state of great excitement or the process of stimulating activity
Example
The news created great excitation among the fans.
A2 adjective /ˈɛkstrə/

extra

Meaning
More than what is usual, expected, or necessary
Example
She brought some extra food for the picnic.
C1 adjective ɪˈveɪ.sɪv

evasive

Meaning
Tending to avoid commitment or self-revelation, especially by responding only indirectly.
Example
He gave an evasive answer to avoid trouble.
B2 noun /ˌɛdɪˈtɔːriəl/

editorial

Meaning
A newspaper article expressing the opinion of the editor or publisher.
Example
The newspaper published an editorial criticizing government policy.
C1 noun /ɛnˈdɔːr.fɪnz/

endorphins

Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by the brain that reduce pain and create feelings of happiness.
Example
Exercise releases endorphins, reducing stress and pain.
A2 noun /ˈef.ət/

Effort

Meaning
physical or mental activity needed to achieve something
Example
She put a lot of effort into preparing for the final examination.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspɛktənsi/

expectancy

Meaning
the state of expecting something; anticipation or likelihood
Example
There was a sense of expectancy in the room before the results were announced.
B1 noun /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/

Evidence

Meaning
the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true
Example
The detective found crucial evidence that solved the mysterious case.