B2 noun /ˌɛdɪˈtɔːriəl/

editorial

Meaning

A newspaper article expressing the opinion of the editor or publisher.

Example

The newspaper published an editorial criticizing government policy.

C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

Meaning

A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.

Example

The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.

C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːr.bɪ.tənt/

exorbitant

Meaning

Unreasonably high in price or cost; excessive.

Example

The hotel charged an exorbitant price for a basic room.

C2 noun /ˌiː.mɛnˈdeɪ.ʃən/

emendation

Meaning

a correction or improvement made to a text

Example

The article required several emendations before it was ready for print.

B2 adjective ˌiːvəˈluːʃənəri

evolutionary

Meaning

Relating to or denoting the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form.

Example

The evolutionary changes in species are fascinating.

B2 noun /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

establishment

Meaning

An organization, business, or system; the act of setting something up.

Example

The restaurant is a new establishment in town.

C2 adjective /ˌeθ.noʊˈsen.trɪk/

ethnocentric

Meaning

evaluating other cultures according to the standards of one's own culture

Example

His ethnocentric attitude made it hard for him to appreciate foreign traditions.

C1 noun /ˈiː.zi tʃeər/

Easy-chair

Meaning

a comfortable chair with arms and a back that reclines

Example

He relaxed in his favorite easy-chair after work.

C2 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkreɪʃən/

execration

Meaning

An act of cursing or denouncing someone or something with hatred.

Example

The dictator’s name was spoken with execration after his fall.

C1 noun /ɪɡˈzɛkjətər/

executor

Meaning

A person appointed to carry out the terms of someone's will after their death.

Example

The executor managed the estate according to the deceased’s wishes.

C1 verb /ˈɛkstrɪkeɪt/

extricate

Meaning

To free someone or something from a constraint or difficulty.

Example

The firefighters extricated the passengers from the wrecked car.

B2 adjective /ɪkˈsɛntrɪk/

eccentric

Meaning

unconventional and slightly strange in behavior or appearance

Example

The artist was known for his eccentric style.

C1 noun /eb/

Ebb

Meaning

the receding tide; a gradual decline or reduction

Example

The fishermen waited for the ebb before returning to shore.

C2 verb /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪt/

exhilarate

Meaning

To make someone feel very happy, animated, or excited.

Example

The mountain view exhilarated the travelers.

C2 adjective /ˌɛlɪˈfæntaɪn/

elephantine

Meaning

Huge, clumsy, or resembling an elephant in size or movement.

Example

The man moved with an elephantine grace.

C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

Meaning

A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.

Example

Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.

C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

Meaning

The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.

Example

The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.

B2 verb /ɪnˈdɔːrs/

endorse

Meaning

To give approval or support to someone or something; to publicly recommend.

Example

The celebrity endorsed the new skincare product.

A1 adjective/adverb /ɪˈnʌf/

enough

Meaning

as much or as many as required

Example

We have enough food for everyone.

C1 verb /ɛmˈbɛzəl/

embezzle

Meaning

to steal or misuse money or property entrusted to one's care

Example

The accountant was arrested for embezzling company funds.

C1 noun /ˈɛksədəs/

exodus

Meaning

A mass departure of people from a place.

Example

There was a sudden exodus of workers after the strike began.

B2 adjective /ˈɛθnɪk/

ethnic

Meaning

relating to a population subgroup with a common national or cultural tradition

Example

The festival celebrated the city's diverse ethnic communities.

A2 adjective /ˈɛkstrə/

extra

Meaning

More than what is usual, expected, or necessary

Example

She brought some extra food for the picnic.

C1 noun /ˈɜːr.θən pɒt/

Earthen pot

Meaning

a container made of baked clay or earth, used for cooking or storing

Example

The earthen pot keeps water naturally cool in summer.

B2 verb ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ

empowering

Meaning

Giving someone the authority or power to do something; making someone stronger and more confident.

Example

Empowering children can lead to societal progress.

C1 adjective /ˌiːvænˈdʒɛlɪkəl/

evangelical

Meaning

Relating to the Christian gospel, especially the teachings that emphasize personal faith and the authority of the Bible.

Example

She grew up in an evangelical church community.

C1 adjective /ɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

excusable

Meaning

Able to be forgiven or justified.

Example

Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances.

A1 pronoun /ˈɛvrɪwʌn/

everyone

Meaning

every person; all people

Example

Everyone must bring their own lunch.

B2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk/

exotic

Meaning

Unusual and attractive because it is from a foreign place or culture.

Example

The garden was filled with exotic plants from tropical countries.

C2 noun /ˈeb.taɪd/

Ebb-tide

Meaning

the movement of the tide out to sea; a time when the sea level is falling

Example

During ebb-tide, we could walk further out on the beach.

C2 noun /ˌɛpɪzəʊˈɒtɪk/

epizootic

Meaning

An outbreak of disease affecting many animals of one kind at the same time.

Example

The farmer feared an epizootic might wipe out his cattle.

A2 noun /ˈɪər.ɪŋ/

Ear-ring

Meaning

a piece of jewelry worn on the earlobe or ear

Example

Her diamond earrings caught everyone's attention.

B2 noun /ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/

expertise

Meaning

Expert knowledge or skill in a particular area.

Example

His expertise in graphic design is widely recognized.

C2 noun /ˈɛkwɪpɪdʒ/

equipage

Meaning

Equipment or a carriage with its accessories.

Example

The nobleman arrived in a grand equipage.

C2 verb /ɛnˈfrænˌtʃaɪz/

enfranchise

Meaning

To grant the right to vote or other rights of citizenship.

Example

The new law enfranchised thousands of people.

C2 noun /ɪkˌsprəʊ.priˈeɪ.ʃən/

expropriation

Meaning

The act of government taking private property, also known as confiscation, nationalization, or seizure.

Example

The land expropriation led to disputes among landowners.

A2 noun ɪˈvɛnts

events

Meaning

A thing that happens, especially one of importance.

Example

Several events were held across the country.

B1 noun ɪˈkwɒl.ə.ti

equality

Meaning

The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.

Example

Equality in education is a key goal.

A1 noun /end/

End

Meaning

the final part of something; termination or conclusion

Example

The end of the movie was unexpected and left everyone surprised.

C2 noun /ɪkˈstɛnsər/

extensor

Meaning

a muscle that serves to extend or straighten a limb or part of the body.

Example

The extensor muscles in the arm help straighten the elbow.

B2 verb ɪˈmɜːdʒɪz

emerges

Meaning

To come forth, appear, or arise from something

Example

A major health crisis emerges from pollution.

B1 noun /ˈɛlɪmənt/

element

Meaning

A basic or essential part of something; a simple substance that cannot be broken down further.

Example

Trust is a key element of any strong relationship.

B1 verb /ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz/

emphasize

Meaning

to give special importance or attention to something

Example

The teacher emphasized the importance of homework.

C2 noun /ˈɛpɪtɑːf/

epitaph

Meaning

A short text written on a tombstone in memory of the deceased.

Example

The gravestone bore an epitaph honoring the soldier’s bravery.

B2 noun /ˈen.ə.dʒi sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti/

energy security

Meaning

The reliable availability of energy sources at an affordable price for a nation or region.

Example

Energy security ensures consistent supply.

C1 verb ɪɡˈzɛm.plɪ.faɪ

exemplify

Meaning

To be a typical example of or to illustrate something clearly, to show as an example or demonstrate.

Example

His dedication exemplifies true leadership.

C1 noun /ɪkˈstɔːr.ʃən/

extortion

Meaning

the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats

Example

The businessman was arrested for extortion after threatening his partner.

C1 verb ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt

Extrapolate

Meaning

Making future estimates based on existing information

Example

Scientists extrapolate climate changes based on past data.

B2 verb /ɪkˈskluːd/

exclude

Meaning

To deliberately leave out or prevent someone or something from being included.

Example

The list excludes temporary workers.

C2 adverb /ɪkˈstem.pɔːr/

Extempore

Meaning

without preparation; spontaneously; improvised

Example

The speaker delivered an impressive extempore speech at the conference.

B2 adjective /ˈiːtəbl̩/

eatable

Meaning

suitable or safe for eating

Example

The berries are not only eatable but also quite tasty.

C1 noun /ɪkˈspʌlʃən/

expulsion

Meaning

The act of forcing someone to leave a place, especially a school or country.

Example

His constant misbehavior led to his expulsion from school.

B2 noun /ˈɜːnɪŋz/

earnings

Meaning

money obtained in return for labor or services

Example

Her monthly earnings are enough to support her family.

B2 adjective /ɪˈtɜː.nəl/

Eternal

Meaning

lasting or existing forever; without end or beginning; everlasting

Example

Their love seemed eternal and unbreakable.

B1 adverb /ɪkˈstriːm.li/

Extremely

Meaning

to a very high degree; exceptionally

Example

The weather today is extremely hot and humid.

C1 adjective /juːˈfɔːrɪk/

euphoric

Meaning

Characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness.

Example

The fans were euphoric after their team's victory.

B2 noun ɪˈroʊʒən

erosion

Meaning

The gradual destruction or diminishing of something.

Example

Power struggles often lead to the erosion of humanity.

A2 noun/verb /ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪər/

engineer

Meaning

A person trained to design, build, or maintain engines, machines, or structures; to skillfully arrange or bring about.

Example

The engineer designed a new bridge across the river.

C2 adjective /ˌɛkjʊˈmɛnɪkəl/

ecumenical

Meaning

Promoting unity among different Christian churches or religions.

Example

The leaders gathered for an ecumenical conference to encourage dialogue.

B2 noun /ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/

evolution

Meaning

the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form

Example

The theory of evolution explains how species change over time.

C1 verb ɪˈluːd

elude

Meaning

Evade or escape from, typically in a skillful or cunning way; avoid being caught.

Example

The thief managed to elude the police.

C1 noun /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/

epitome

Meaning

A perfect example of a particular quality or type; the best representation of something.

Example

She is the epitome of grace and kindness.

B2 noun /ɪkˈsploʊʒən/

explosion

Meaning

a violent burst or release of energy, often causing damage and noise

Example

The explosion shook the entire neighborhood.

C1 noun /ɛkˈspeɪtriət/

expatriate

Meaning

a person who lives outside their native country

Example

Many expatriates gather in the city’s international community.

B2 noun ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

evaluation

Meaning

The making of a judgment about the amount, number, or value of something; assessment.

Example

Accurate evaluation helps determine resource sustainability.

B1 adjective /ɪnˈtaɪər/

Entire

Meaning

complete; whole; not divided or in parts

Example

She read the entire book in one sitting.

C2 adjective /ˌɛkstrəˌdʒuːˈdɪʃəl/

extrajudicial

Meaning

done outside the authority of the legal system or judicial process

Example

The activists condemned the extrajudicial killings.

C1 adjective ɪˈveɪ.sɪv

evasive

Meaning

Tending to avoid commitment or self-revelation, especially by responding only indirectly.

Example

He gave an evasive answer to avoid trouble.

C1 adjective ɪˈroʊ.ni.əs

erroneous

Meaning

Wrong; incorrect.

Example

His assumptions were completely erroneous.

B2 noun /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl ˈmuːvmənt/

environmental movement

Meaning

A social or political movement aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable practices through advocacy, education, and policy changes.

Example

The environmental movement focuses on reducing pollution and protecting ecosystems.

B2 verb /ɪnˈdjʊər/

endure

Meaning

to suffer something difficult or unpleasant patiently

Example

He had to endure years of hardship before achieving success.

A2 noun /ɪɡˈzæm/

exam

Meaning

a formal test of a person's knowledge or skill in a subject

Example

She studied hard for her final exam.

A2 noun /ɜːθ/

Earth

Meaning

the planet on which we live; the ground or soil

Example

The astronauts could see Earth from their spacecraft in orbit.

C1 exclamation /juˈriːkə/

eureka

Meaning

An exclamation used to express a sudden discovery or realization.

Example

When the solution finally came to him, he shouted, 'Eureka!'

C1 verb /ɪnˈʃraɪn/

enshrine

Meaning

to preserve or cherish something as sacred or important

Example

The constitution enshrines the right to freedom of speech.

B2 adverb /ɪkˈsplɪsɪtli/

explicitly

Meaning

in a clear and detailed manner, leaving no room for confusion or doubt

Example

The instructions were explicitly written to avoid any confusion.

C2 verb /ɪˈmæskjʊleɪt/

emasculate

Meaning

To make someone weaker or less effective; to deprive of strength or vigor.

Example

The constant criticism emasculated his confidence.

C1 adjective /ɪˈnæmərd/

enamored

Meaning

filled with love or admiration

Example

He became enamored with classical music after attending the concert.

B2 verb, adjective /ɪˈlæbəreɪt/ (verb), /ɪˈlæbərət/ (adjective)

elaborate

Meaning

verb: to explain something in detail; adjective: detailed and complicated in design

Example

She asked him to elaborate on his proposal.

B1 noun /ɪˈskeɪp/

Escape

Meaning

an act of breaking free from confinement or control; a way out

Example

The prisoner's escape from the jail shocked the authorities.

C2 adjective /ˌɛnkəˈmiːæstɪk/

encomiastic

Meaning

Expressing praise; laudatory.

Example

The book was filled with encomiastic remarks about the author.

B2 noun /ˈaɪ.lɪd/

Eyelid

Meaning

either of the upper or lower folds of skin that cover the eye when closed

Example

Her eyelids felt heavy with sleep.

C1 adjective, verb /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/

exempt

Meaning

Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.

Example

Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam.

A2 noun /ˈɛləˌveɪtər/

elevator

Meaning

a machine that carries people or goods up and down between floors in a building

Example

We took the elevator to the tenth floor.

C2 noun /ˈɛlɪdʒi/

elegy

Meaning

A poem or song expressing sorrow, especially for someone who has died.

Example

The poet wrote an elegy for his late friend.

C1 noun /ɪɡˌzɪl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

exhilaration

Meaning

A feeling of excitement, happiness, or elation.

Example

The feeling of exhilaration after a roller-coaster ride is amazing.

B2 noun /ɪnˈdjʊə.rəns/

endurance

Meaning

The fact or power of enduring an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way.

Example

Running a marathon requires exceptional endurance.

B1 noun /ˈɛpɪsoʊd/

episode

Meaning

An event or part of a story, or one installment in a series.

Example

The last episode of the drama was watched by millions.

A1 verb /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/

enjoy

Meaning

to take pleasure in; to have a good time

Example

I enjoy reading books in my free time.

A2 adjective /ˈiː.stərn/

Eastern

Meaning

relating to or situated in the east; from or characteristic of the eastern part of the world

Example

She studied Eastern philosophy at the university.

B2 adjective /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/

Extensive

Meaning

covering or affecting a large area; comprehensive; wide-ranging

Example

The company conducted extensive research before launching the new product.

C2 verb /ɪˈnæmər/

enamor

Meaning

to be filled with love or admiration for

Example

She was enamored with the beautiful scenery.

C1 adjective ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk

electromagnetic

Meaning

Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.

Example

Electromagnetic forces repel protons.

C1 adjective /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

expedient

Meaning

suitable or convenient for achieving a particular end, sometimes at the expense of morality

Example

It was expedient to take the shortcut despite the risks.

B2 adjective ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜː.ri.əl

entrepreneurial

Meaning

Relating to or characterized by the activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.

Example

His entrepreneurial spirit led him to establish a successful startup.

C2 verb /ɪˈkwɪvəˌkeɪt/

equivocate

Meaning

To speak ambiguously or avoid giving a clear answer.

Example

The politician equivocated when asked about the scandal.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈdjʊər.ɪŋ/

Enduring

Meaning

lasting; permanent; continuing for a long time

Example

Their enduring friendship lasted for decades.

C2 noun /ˈɛpɪɡræm/

epigram

Meaning

A short, witty saying or poem that expresses an idea in a clever way.

Example

Oscar Wilde was famous for his sharp epigrams.

C2 adjective /ɪˈlɪʒən/

elysian

Meaning

Relating to or characteristic of paradise; delightful and heavenly.

Example

They spent an elysian week on the quiet island.

A2 noun ˌedʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃən

education

Meaning

The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a school or university.

Example

Quality education is key to progress.

B2 adverb /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkli/

economically

Meaning

in a way that relates to economics or is efficient and not wasteful.

Example

The company is trying to operate more economically this year.

C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/

Eastwards

Meaning

towards the east; in an eastern direction

Example

The river flows eastwards into the ocean.

B2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈfrɛndli/

environment-friendly

Meaning

Designed or produced in a way that causes minimal harm to the environment, often using sustainable materials and processes that reduce ecological impact.

Example

Environment-friendly products are designed to reduce ecological damage.

B2 noun /ˌek.spɪˈdɪʃ.ən/

Expedition

Meaning

a journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose; organized trip for exploration

Example

The mountain climbing expedition required months of careful planning and preparation.

B1 noun /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/

encouragement

Meaning

the action of giving someone support, confidence, or hope

Example

Her encouragement helped me finish the project.

C1 noun /ˈɛdɪfɪs/

edifice

Meaning

A large, impressive building or structure.

Example

The museum is an impressive edifice in the city center.

C1 adjective + noun এক্সেসিভ স্ট্রেইন

excessive strain

Meaning

An amount of physical pressure or stress that is more than what is normal or acceptable.

Example

Excessive strain on fingers can cause musculoskeletal issues.

C2 noun /ˈaɪ.sɔːr/

Eyesore

Meaning

something that is very ugly and unpleasant to look at

Example

The abandoned building has become an eyesore in the neighborhood.

C1 noun /ɪˈvæp.ər.ə.tɪv ˈkuː.lər/

Evaporative cooler

Meaning

a cooling device that uses water evaporation to reduce air temperature

Example

The evaporative cooler works best in dry climates.

B2 noun /ɪɡˈzæmɪnər/

examiner

Meaning

A person who tests or inspects knowledge, skills, or qualifications

Example

The examiner reviewed each student's answer sheet carefully.

B1 adjective ɪkˈstriːm

extreme

Meaning

Reaching a high or the highest degree; very great.

Example

Extreme weather patterns disrupt ecosystems.

C2 adjective /ˈɛrənt/

errant

Meaning

behaving wrongly or straying from the proper course or standards

Example

The teacher disciplined the errant student.

C1 verb /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/

extinguish

Meaning

to put out a fire, light, or to end something

Example

The firefighters managed to extinguish the blaze within an hour.

B2 adjective ɪkˈstɪŋkt

extinct

Meaning

No longer in existence; having died out completely.

Example

Some species are becoming extinct due to overfishing.

C1 adjective ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

egalitarian

Meaning

Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Example

The new law promotes an egalitarian society.

B2 noun /ˈiː.ɡoʊ/

Ego

Meaning

a person's sense of self-esteem or self-importance

Example

His big ego prevented him from accepting criticism from others.

B1 noun /ˈiː.tɪŋ ˈhæb.ɪts/

eating habits

Meaning

A person's usual pattern and preferences in food consumption.

Example

Developing good eating habits leads to better health.

C2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪvəkəl/

equivocal

Meaning

Open to more than one interpretation; ambiguous.

Example

His equivocal answer confused everyone.

C1 noun/adjective /ɪˈliːtɪst/

elitist

Meaning

A person who believes that a society should be led by an elite; showing preference for a privileged class.

Example

His elitist attitude made him unpopular among his peers.

C2 noun /ˈɒnwiː/ or /ˈɑːnwiː/

ennui

Meaning

A feeling of boredom, listlessness, or dissatisfaction arising from lack of excitement.

Example

After weeks of doing nothing, he sank into a deep sense of ennui.

C2 noun /ˈɛnsaɪn/

ensign

Meaning

A flag or standard, especially a military or naval one indicating nationality; also a junior officer in the navy or coast guard.

Example

The ship raised its national ensign before leaving the harbor.