dummy
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B2 noun /ˈdʌmi/

dummy

Meaning
a model or replica of a human used for practice, display, or testing; also a term for a foolish person
Example
The tailor used a dummy to display the dress.
B2 adjective /kənˈdʒɛstɪd/

congested

Meaning
Blocked up with too much traffic or crowding.
Example
The road was congested during rush hour.
A2 noun /ˈmoʊtər/

motor

Meaning
a machine that produces motion or power to make something work
Example
The car’s motor stopped suddenly.
B2 adjective /stəˈtɪstɪkəl/

statistical

Meaning
relating to the use or analysis of numerical data
Example
The report provides statistical data about population growth.
C2 noun /ˈprɒvəndər/

provender

Meaning
food or provisions, especially for livestock
Example
The barn was filled with provender for the cattle.
B1 noun /ˈwɪtnəs/

Witness

Meaning
a person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident; someone who gives evidence in a court of law
Example
The witness testified in court yesterday.
C2 adjective /ˌhaɪpərˈkrɪtɪkl/

hypercritical

Meaning
Excessively or unreasonably critical.
Example
The teacher was often hypercritical of small mistakes.
A2 adjective /taɪt/

tight

Meaning
firmly held in place, not loose or slack
Example
The knot was too tight to untie.
C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

Meaning
having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds
Example
After losing his job, he became penniless.
B1 noun /tæŋk/

Tank

Meaning
a heavily armored fighting vehicle moving on a continuous track
Example
The tank rolled through the battlefield with powerful armor.
C2 adjective /ˈfraɪəbl/

friable

Meaning
Easily crumbled or reduced to powder.
Example
The old brick wall was friable and broke apart at a touch.
B1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.lɪk/

Garlic

Meaning
a strong-smelling pungent-tasting bulb, used as a flavoring in cooking and in herbal medicine
Example
The recipe calls for three cloves of fresh garlic to enhance the flavor.
B1 noun /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

district

Meaning
a specific area of a country, city, or town, often with official boundaries
Example
She lives in the northern district of the city.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈbʊrʒ.wɑː/

bourgeois

Meaning
Relating to the middle class, often with materialistic values or conventional attitudes.
Example
The novel criticizes the bourgeois lifestyle of the city dwellers.
A2 preposition /sɪns/

since

Meaning
from a particular time in the past until now
Example
I have known her since childhood.
C2 noun /ˈbɛnɪsən/

benison

Meaning
A blessing or benefit.
Example
The rain was a benison for the drought-stricken farmers.
C2 noun /ˈduːti/

Dhuti

Meaning
a traditional Indian garment for men consisting of a piece of unstitched cloth worn around the waist and legs
Example
The elderly man wore a white dhuti during the religious ceremony.
C2 noun /ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːrʃən/

disproportion

Meaning
a lack of balance or symmetry; an inequality
Example
There is a clear disproportion between rich and poor in many societies.
C1 noun /fɪˈnænʃɪər/

financier

Meaning
a person who manages large amounts of money or investments
Example
The financier advised the company on its investments.
C2 adjective /dɪˈskrɛpənt/

discrepant

Meaning
showing a difference or inconsistency
Example
The witnesses gave discrepant accounts of the incident.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.ɪˈluː.ʒən.mənt/

disillusionment

Meaning
A feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.
Example
Many people experience disillusionment after unrealistic expectations.
C1 noun /ˈlɪɡ.əmənt/

ligament

Meaning
A tough band of tissue that connects bones at a joint.
Example
He tore a ligament in his knee while playing football.
B2 adjective /ˈrʌs.ti/

Rusty

Meaning
affected by rust; out of practice; impaired by lack of recent practice
Example
My piano skills are rusty after not playing for years.
B2 noun /ˈstɑːrt.ʌp/

startup

Meaning
A newly established business, especially a small technology or business company that is just beginning operations.
Example
The startup secured funding from investors.
B1 noun /əˈtendəns/

Attendance

Meaning
the action or state of going regularly to or being present at a place or event
Example
The teacher takes attendance at the beginning of each class.
B2 verb /saɪt/

cite

Meaning
to quote; to mention as an example or proof
Example
The lawyer cites relevant case law.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒnsɪvnəs/

responsiveness

Meaning
The quality of reacting quickly and positively
Example
The manager appreciated her responsiveness to customer feedback.
C2 adjective /dɪˈmjʊər/

demure

Meaning
reserved, modest, and shy
Example
She gave him a demure smile.
C1 noun delˈteɪɪk ˈlændskeɪp

deltaic landscape

Meaning
A geographical area formed by sediment deposits at the mouth of a river, creating a triangular land formation.
Example
Bangladesh has a unique deltaic landscape.
C2 adjective /ˈsiːmli/

seemly

Meaning
proper or appropriate in behavior or appearance
Example
It was not seemly to argue loudly during the ceremony.
A1 noun /ˈɪntənet/

internet

Meaning
A global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities.
Example
The internet has revolutionized the way we access information.
C2 noun /ˈdɪktəm/

dictum

Meaning
A formal pronouncement, authoritative statement, or maxim.
Example
The judge’s dictum clarified the principle of equality before the law.
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
C1 noun /fruˈɪʃən/

fruition

Meaning
The realization or fulfillment of a plan, project, or desire.
Example
Her dream of becoming a doctor finally came to fruition.
B2 adjective /ˈwʌrisəm/

Worrisome

Meaning
causing anxiety or concern; troubling
Example
The student's declining grades were worrisome to his parents.
B2 noun /ˈfleɪ.vər/

Flavour

Meaning
the distinctive taste of a food or drink; a particular quality or atmosphere
Example
The soup had a rich flavour of herbs and spices from the garden.
C1 adjective ˈeɪlɪəneɪtɪd

alienated

Meaning
Feeling isolated or estranged; disconnected from others or society.
Example
Alienated students are more prone to delinquency.
B2 adjective ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd

anticipated

Meaning
Expected or predicted to happen; foreseen in advance.
Example
The anticipated growth exceeded the city's capacity.
C1 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/

prohibitive

Meaning
Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.
Example
The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families.
C1 noun /kəˈnɛəri/

canary

Meaning
a small, usually yellow bird known for its singing; also used as a warning sign in dangerous conditions
Example
The canary sang beautifully in its cage.
A2 noun /bɪl/

Bill

Meaning
the beak of a bird, especially when it is broad and flat
Example
The duck used its bill to filter food from the water.
B1 noun /ˈtæblət/

tablet

Meaning
a small flat computer or a small solid dose of medicine
Example
She took a tablet to relieve her headache.
C2 adjective /ˈeɪkwiəs/

aqueous

Meaning
related to or containing water; watery
Example
The solution was in an aqueous form.
B2 noun ˈfreɪm.wɜːks

frameworks

Meaning
A basic structure underlying a system, concept, or text; an essential supporting structure.
Example
Frameworks define the basis of systems.
B2 noun /ˈɪnˌsaɪt/

insight

Meaning
The ability to understand the true nature of something; deep understanding.
Example
Her insight into human behavior made her a successful psychologist.
C1 noun /vɪˈvæsɪti/

vivacity

Meaning
The quality of being lively, animated, and full of energy.
Example
The child’s vivacity brightened the entire room.
C1 adjective /kənˈɡrɛʃənl/

congressional

Meaning
relating to a congress, especially the US Congress
Example
The bill received strong congressional support.
C2 verb /ˈmɒtl/

mottle

Meaning
To mark with spots or patches of color.
Example
The leaves were mottled with shades of yellow and brown.
B2 noun /ˈbɪʃəp/

bishop

Meaning
a senior member of the Christian clergy, usually in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
Example
The bishop delivered a powerful sermon during Sunday service.
C2 noun /ˈmær.oʊ ʌv ˈplæn.tɪn triː/

Marrow of plantain tree

Meaning
the soft inner part of the banana plant stem that is used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
The marrow of plantain tree is commonly used in traditional Bengali cuisine.
C1 noun /kəʊˈhiːʒən/

cohesion

Meaning
The action or fact of forming a united whole.
Example
The team showed excellent cohesion throughout the project.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/

incompetence

Meaning
Lack of ability, skill, or effectiveness in doing something.
Example
The project failed due to the manager’s incompetence.
B2 noun prəˈsiːdɪŋz

proceedings

Meaning
An event or a series of activities involving a formal or set procedure.
Example
The proceedings discussed language issues.
B1 noun /muːd/

Mood

Meaning
a temporary state of mind or feeling; atmosphere
Example
She was in a good mood after receiving the news.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃənsi/

Self-sufficiency

Meaning
the ability to supply one's own needs without external assistance; independence
Example
The farm achieved complete self-sufficiency in food production.
C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

Meaning
To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
Example
The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.
C1 noun /ˌtɒləˈreɪʃən/

toleration

Meaning
The practice of allowing something that one does not necessarily agree with.
Example
The government promoted religious toleration.
B2 noun /əbˈdʒek.ʃən/

Objection

Meaning
an expression of disagreement or disapproval; a reason for disagreeing
Example
The lawyer raised an objection during the trial.
C2 adjective /ˈtrʌŋkeɪtɪd/

truncated

Meaning
shortened by cutting off a part; cut short
Example
The meeting was truncated due to time constraints.
C2 noun /ˈlɔːndrəs/

laundress

Meaning
A woman whose job is washing clothes and linens.
Example
The laundress delivered the freshly cleaned clothes to the household.
C1 adjective /ˈnæk.ərd/

Knackered

Meaning
extremely tired; exhausted
Example
I'm absolutely knackered after working all day.
C2 adjective /ˌɛl.ɪˈmɑː.səˌnɛr.i/

eleemosynary

Meaning
Relating to charity; dependent on or supported by charity.
Example
The hospital was founded as an eleemosynary institution.
C2 noun /ˈdeɪ.mæn/

day-man

Meaning
a worker employed by the day; a day laborer
Example
The farmer hired a day-man to help with the harvest.
C1 adjective, adverb (informal, vulgar) /ˈfʌkɪŋ/

fucking

Meaning
used for emphasis, often expressing anger or frustration (vulgar slang)
Example
It was a fucking disaster!
C1 verb /ˈsælvɪdʒ/

salvage

Meaning
To save something from loss, damage, or destruction.
Example
They managed to salvage some goods from the fire.
B2 verb /pərˈsɪst/

persist

Meaning
to continue firmly in an action or opinion despite difficulty or opposition
Example
She decided to persist in her efforts to learn French.
B2 adjective /ˈɡlɒsi/

glossy

Meaning
Shiny and smooth in appearance; attractive on the surface but sometimes lacking depth.
Example
She bought a glossy magazine from the store.
A2 adjective /ʌnˈtaɪdi/

Untidy

Meaning
not neat or orderly; messy and disorganized
Example
Her untidy room was filled with clothes scattered everywhere.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈplɔːzəbl/

implausible

Meaning
Not seeming reasonable or probable; unlikely to be true.
Example
The story she told was so implausible that no one believed her.
B2 adjective /senˈseɪʃənəl/

Sensational

Meaning
causing great excitement or shock; extremely impressive
Example
The sensational performance left the audience speechless.
A2 verb/adjective /lɒst/

lost

Meaning
Unable to find the way; no longer in possession of something.
Example
He lost his keys and couldn’t enter the house.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvɪŋ/

unbelieving

Meaning
Not willing or able to believe; skeptical or doubtful
Example
She gave him an unbelieving look when he claimed to have met a celebrity.
B2 adjective /ˈskætərd/

Scattered

Meaning
spread widely apart; dispersed; occurring here and there
Example
Scattered showers are expected throughout the day.
C1 noun /ˈbɪɡətri/

bigotry

Meaning
Intolerance toward those who hold different opinions or lifestyles.
Example
Her bigotry prevented her from accepting people with different beliefs.
C2 noun /ˈzuːəʊˌplæŋktən/

zooplankton

Meaning
Microscopic aquatic animals that drift in water bodies and form an essential part of the aquatic food chain, serving as food for fish and other marine organisms.
Example
Zooplankton plays an important role in the aquatic food chain.
C2 verb /ˈhɛktər/

hector

Meaning
To talk to someone in a bullying or intimidating way.
Example
The manager hectored the staff into working overtime.
A2 noun /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/

photograph

Meaning
a picture made using a camera
Example
She took a photograph of the sunset.
B2 adverb /ˈʌltəmətli/

ultimately

Meaning
in the end, after everything else
Example
Ultimately, we decided to go ahead with the project.
B2 adjective /skeərs/

Scarce

Meaning
rare; not easily found; existing in small quantities
Example
Fresh water is becoming increasingly scarce in desert regions.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪz.mɪk/

seismic

Meaning
Relating to earthquakes or vibrations of the earth and its crust.
Example
The region is known for its seismic activity.
B2 adverb /rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/

remarkably

Meaning
in a way that is worthy of attention or notice; surprisingly
Example
She did remarkably well in the competition.
C1 noun /ˈθʌroʊˌfɛr/

thoroughfare

Meaning
a main road or public highway that goes through a place
Example
The new mall is located along the main thoroughfare.
B2 noun /ˈfaɪbər/

fiber

Meaning
a thread or filament from which a textile is formed; dietary substance from plants that aids digestion
Example
Fruits and vegetables are high in fiber.
B2 adjective, noun /ɪzˈreɪli/

israeli

Meaning
relating to Israel or its people; a person from Israel
Example
She works for an Israeli company.
C1 adjective /ˈspɪndli/

spindly

Meaning
Long, thin, and weak-looking
Example
The spindly tree bent under the weight of the snow.
C1 noun /ˌpɜː.mɪˈæbɪlɪti/

permeability

Meaning
The quality or state of being permeable; allowing liquids or gases to pass through.
Example
The permeability of the soil affects water retention.
B2 verb ˈɪmplɪmentɪd

implemented

Meaning
Put a decision or plan into effect; carried out or executed.
Example
The master plans were partially implemented.
C2 noun /ˈɡæliən/

galleon

Meaning
A large sailing ship used mainly by Europeans from the 16th to 18th centuries.
Example
The Spanish galleon carried treasures across the Atlantic.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒndaɪn/

condign

Meaning
deserved, appropriate, and fitting (especially punishment)
Example
The criminal received condign punishment for his crimes.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈpæstərəl/

pastoral

Meaning
relating to the countryside, shepherds, or rural life; also relating to spiritual guidance by a pastor
Example
The painting had a calm pastoral scene with sheep grazing.
A1 noun /ˈpɛərənt/

parent

Meaning
a mother or father of a person or animal
Example
Both of his parents are teachers.
C1 adjective /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/

makeshift

Meaning
used as a temporary substitute; improvised
Example
They used boxes as a makeshift table.
A2 noun /mɔːl/ or /mæl/

mall

Meaning
a large building or series of connected buildings containing shops and restaurants
Example
They went to the mall to buy new clothes.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrsənəbl/

personable

Meaning
having a pleasant appearance and manner; attractive and friendly
Example
The new teacher is very personable and easy to talk to.
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
C2 noun dʒʊˈdɪʃəsnɪs

judiciousness

Meaning
Having, showing, or done with good judgment or sense.
Example
Her judiciousness in making decisions was appreciated.
B2 noun ˈmɒn.ə.ki

monarchy

Meaning
A form of government with a monarch at the head, where supreme power is held by a single person such as a king or queen.
Example
The monarchy was abolished during the revolution.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrəns/

incoherence

Meaning
The quality of being unclear, confused, or lacking logical connection.
Example
His speech was full of incoherence and difficult to follow.
B2 verb /stʌn/

stun

Meaning
to shock or surprise someone greatly; to knock someone unconscious or dazed
Example
The news of her sudden resignation stunned everyone.
C1 verb /ɡloʊt/

gloat

Meaning
To take pleasure in someone else's misfortune or to show smug satisfaction.
Example
He couldn't help but gloat over his rival's failure.
B2 noun /ˈɔːkʃən/

Auction

Meaning
a public sale in which goods or property are sold to the highest bidder
Example
The antique furniture was sold at an auction last weekend.
B2 noun /fɔːrt/

Fort

Meaning
a strong building or group of buildings where soldiers live and defend
Example
The ancient fort stood on top of the hill for centuries.
C2 adjective ˌnjʊəroʊˈkɒɡnɪtɪv

neurocognitive

Meaning
Related to brain information processing and memory power
Example
Neurocognitive functions decline due to lack of sleep.
A1 adjective /nɛkst/

next

Meaning
immediately following in time, order, or place
Example
The next train leaves at 9:00 AM.
B2 noun kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən

collaboration

Meaning
The action of working with someone to produce or create something
Example
International collaboration is necessary to fight pollution.
C2 verb /bɪˈnʌm/

benumb

Meaning
to make physically numb or without sensation; to make mentally dull or insensitive
Example
The freezing wind seemed to benumb his fingers within minutes.
A2 noun /ˈpʌp.i/

Puppy

Meaning
a young dog
Example
The puppy wagged its tail when it saw its owner.
B2 noun /pɪt/

pit

Meaning
a large hole in the ground or a hollow area
Example
The workers dug a deep pit to build the foundation.
A2 adverb /ˈlaʊdli/

loudly

Meaning
in a way that produces a lot of sound; with a high volume
Example
He spoke loudly so everyone in the room could hear him.
C2 adjective /ˌkæləˈrɪfɪk/

calorific

Meaning
Relating to the amount of energy contained in food or fuel.
Example
Chocolate is highly calorific, so it should be eaten in moderation.
A2 verb /swɪm/

swim

Meaning
to move through water using body movements
Example
I love to swim in the ocean during summer.
C2 adjective /boʊˈhiːmiən/

bohemian

Meaning
unconventional, artistic, and free-spirited in lifestyle or appearance
Example
She decorated her apartment in a bohemian style with colorful fabrics.
C1 adjective /ˈheɪt.fəl/

Hateful

Meaning
causing or deserving hatred; extremely unpleasant or offensive
Example
His hateful comments hurt everyone's feelings.
C1 adjective /ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs/

Miscellaneous

Meaning
various; diverse; mixed; assorted
Example
The box contained miscellaneous items from different periods.
C1 adjective /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

illicit

Meaning
Forbidden by law, rules, or custom.
Example
The police shut down the illicit drug operation.
C2 verb /ruː/

rue

Meaning
To feel regret or sorrow about something.
Example
She will rue the day she trusted him.
C1 noun /rentʃ/

Wrench

Meaning
a tool used for gripping and turning nuts, bolts, or pipes
Example
He used a wrench to tighten the bolt.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.θən/

Earthen

Meaning
made of earth or clay; relating to pottery or ceramic materials
Example
The kitchen had beautiful earthen pots for storage.
C2 noun /ˈsɜːrklət/

circlet

Meaning
A small circular band, typically worn as an ornament on the head.
Example
The princess wore a golden circlet on her forehead.
A2 adjective /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

single

Meaning
only one; not one of several
Example
She bought a single ticket for the concert.
B2 verb /rɪˈvɜːs/

reverse

Meaning
to change something to the opposite direction, position, or result
Example
She quickly reversed the car out of the driveway.