curriculum
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B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

Meaning
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.
Example
The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.
B2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪˌfækt/

artifact

Meaning
an object made by humans, typically of historical or cultural interest
Example
The museum displayed ancient artifacts from Egypt.
B2 verb /fɔɪl/

foil

Meaning
To prevent something (especially a plan) from succeeding.
Example
The police foiled the robbery attempt.
B2 adjective /ˈrɪski/

risky

Meaning
Involving the possibility of danger, harm, or loss
Example
Investing in that startup is risky but could bring high rewards.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛkʃʊəl/

sexual

Meaning
relating to the instincts, physiological processes, and activities connected with physical attraction or intimate physical contact between individuals
Example
The sexual health of individuals is an important topic in modern medicine.
B2 noun /ˈpɒm.ɪˌɡræn.ɪt/

Pomegranate

Meaning
a round fruit with thick red skin containing many small red seeds with juice
Example
The pomegranate seeds were sweet and refreshing.
B2 verb /ɪkˈsiːd/

exceed

Meaning
to go beyond a limit or expectation
Example
The athlete exceeded everyone's expectations by winning the gold medal.
B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

Meaning
Components or elements used to create something.
Example
Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.
B2 noun /ˈwɪd.oʊ/

Widow

Meaning
a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again
Example
The widow received support from her family and community.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd/

unlimited

Meaning
without any limits or restrictions
Example
The internet plan offers unlimited data for the whole month.
B2 adjective /stəˈtɪstɪkəl/

statistical

Meaning
relating to the use or analysis of numerical data
Example
The report provides statistical data about population growth.
B2 verb /ˈklærɪfaɪ/

clarify

Meaning
to make clear; to explain more clearly
Example
The teacher clarifies the difficult concept.
B2 adjective /teɪm/

Tame

Meaning
domesticated and not wild; gentle and easy to control
Example
The tame lion performed tricks in the circus.
B2 adverb /ˈpɑrʃəli/

Partially

Meaning
to some extent; not completely; incompletely
Example
The building was only partially destroyed in the fire.
B2 adjective /ˈɡreɪ.ʃəs/

Gracious

Meaning
kind; courteous; generous;
Example
She was very gracious and thanked everyone for their help.
B2 adjective /ˈvɛriəbl/

Variable

Meaning
able to change; not consistent or having a fixed pattern
Example
The weather has been very variable this week.
B2 noun /ˈvɛtərən/

veteran

Meaning
a person who has long experience in a particular field or an ex-member of the armed forces
Example
He is a veteran of the software industry.
B2 adjective ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl

ethical

Meaning
Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
Example
Ethical considerations guide decisions.
B2 noun ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər

infrastructure

Meaning
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Digital infrastructure is vital for future advancements.
B2 noun /ˈvendə(r)/

Vendor

Meaning
a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the street
Example
The street vendor sold fresh fruits and vegetables.
B2 noun /ˈstɑːrt.ʌp/

startup

Meaning
A newly established business, especially a small technology or business company that is just beginning operations.
Example
The startup secured funding from investors.
B2 verb /ˈstreɪtən/

straighten

Meaning
to make something straight or tidy; to correct or organize
Example
She straightened her hair before the meeting.
B2 adjective /ˈfes.tɪv/

Festive

Meaning
joyful; celebratory; having the characteristics of a festival
Example
The house looked festive with colorful decorations.
B2 noun pɪər ˈɪnfluəns

peer influence

Meaning
The effect that members of a peer group have on each other, especially in terms of behavior, attitudes, and decision-making.
Example
Peer influence can shape juvenile behavior significantly.
B2 verb /mɒk/

mock

Meaning
To make fun of someone or something in a cruel or unkind way.
Example
The students mocked his accent during class.
B2 noun ˈtraɪəmf

triumph

Meaning
A great victory or achievement.
Example
The novel is considered one of Dickens' greatest triumphs.
B2 adjective /ˈθɔːtfəl/

thoughtful

Meaning
showing careful consideration or attention
Example
She gave a thoughtful response to every question asked.
B2 noun ˌrɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən

resignation

Meaning
The acceptance of something undesirable but inevitable; giving up.
Example
Her resignation from the position was unexpected.
B2 verb /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate

Meaning
To make something impure, dirty, or harmful by contact with a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
The river was contaminated by industrial waste.
B2 verb /rɪˈstreɪn/

restrain

Meaning
to hold back or control; to limit or restrict
Example
Please restrain your dog.
B2 adjective /ˈmɪstʃɪvəs/

Mischievous

Meaning
playfully naughty; causing minor trouble; impish
Example
The mischievous child hid his sister's favorite toy.
B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɜrnəli/

externally

Meaning
in a way that relates to the outer surface or outside appearance
Example
The building appeared externally modern, but inside it was quite old-fashioned.
B2 noun /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪtər/

coordinator

Meaning
a person who organizes people or activities so that they work well together
Example
The event coordinator managed everything perfectly.
B2 noun /ˈwʊd.pek.ər/

Woodpecker

Meaning
a bird that pecks at tree bark to find insects and create nesting holes
Example
The woodpecker hammered against the oak tree.
B2 adverb /kənˈtɪnjuəsli/

Continuously

Meaning
without interruption; in an unbroken sequence
Example
The machine operates continuously for 24 hours.
B2 verb /krʌʃ/

crush

Meaning
to press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or destroyed
Example
He accidentally crushed the paper cup in his hand.
B2 verb /koʊˈɔːrdɪˌneɪt/

coordinate

Meaning
to organize people or things so that they work together effectively
Example
We need to coordinate our efforts to finish the project on time.
B2 noun /sɜːˈveɪ.ləns/

surveillance

Meaning
Close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal; continuous watching of a place, person, or situation.
Example
Government agencies conduct surveillance on cyber threats.
B2 verb /pərˈsuː/

pursue

Meaning
to follow or chase with the intent to catch or achieve something
Example
She decided to pursue her dreams of becoming a doctor.
B2 adjective /ˈsɛl.əˌbreɪ.tɪd/

celebrated

Meaning
Widely known and praised; famous for an achievement.
Example
He is a celebrated author in the field of literature.
B2 adjective, noun /ˈɛəriəl/

aerial

Meaning
As an adjective: existing or happening in the air. As a noun: an antenna for receiving radio or television signals.
Example
The pilot performed an amazing aerial maneuver.
B2 verb /straɪd/

stride

Meaning
to walk with long, decisive steps; to make progress
Example
She strode confidently across the stage.
B2 verb /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/

distinguish

Meaning
to recognize or show the differences between two or more things; to set apart as different
Example
It can be difficult to distinguish between truth and rumor.
B2 adjective /ˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Tolerable

Meaning
able to be endured; acceptable though not ideal
Example
The heat was barely tolerable in the afternoon.
B2 adjective /dɪˈbeɪtəbl̩/

debatable

Meaning
open to discussion or doubt; not certain
Example
It is debatable whether the policy will work.
B2 verb /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/

justify

Meaning
to show or prove that something is right or reasonable
Example
He tried to justify his decision with logical reasons.
B2 adjective ˈstrʌktʃərəl

structural

Meaning
Relating to or forming part of a structure.
Example
The structural integrity of the bridge was tested after the storm.
B2 noun ˈhoʊmˌskuː.lɪŋ

homeschooling

Meaning
The practice of educating children at home rather than sending them to a school.
Example
Homeschooling allows parents to tailor education to their child's needs.
B2 verb /ˈtrɪɡər/

trigger

Meaning
To cause something to happen or start, often suddenly.
Example
The loud noise triggered the alarm system.
B2 verb /dɪˈvaɪz/

devise

Meaning
To plan or invent something carefully.
Example
The engineers devised a new method to reduce costs.
B2 verb /kənˈveɪ/

convey

Meaning
To communicate or make known; to transport or carry from one place to another.
Example
The teacher conveys the lesson clearly to students.
B2 noun /ɑːrtʃ/

arch

Meaning
a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight above it
Example
The ancient arch still stands in the city center.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃeɪn.dʒə.bəl/

Changeable

Meaning
able to be changed; likely to change frequently
Example
The weather is very changeable in spring.
B2 noun /ˈpɔːt.fəʊ.li.əʊ/

portfolio

Meaning
A collection of work or samples demonstrating skills and expertise.
Example
His portfolio showcased his diverse range of skills.
B2 verb /stɪŋ/

sting

Meaning
to pierce with a sharp point; to cause sharp pain
Example
The bee stung him on his arm while he was gardening.
B2 noun /eɪk/

Ache

Meaning
a continuous or prolonged dull pain in a part of one's body
Example
He had a terrible headache after working late.
B2 noun /ˈklʌstər/

cluster

Meaning
a group of similar things or people positioned close together
Example
The grapes grew in a tight cluster.
B2 adjective /ˈfʌŋkʃənl/

functional

Meaning
designed to be practical and useful, rather than just decorative
Example
The design of the chair is simple but highly functional.
B2 adjective /ˈwɜːrði/

Worthy

Meaning
deserving respect or attention; having merit
Example
Her charitable work made her worthy of the humanitarian award.
B2 noun /ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

notification

Meaning
an official or formal notice or message informing someone of something; an alert delivered by a system or device
Example
You will receive a notification when your application is approved.
B2 noun /suː.pɪər.iˈɔːr.ə.ti/

Superiority

Meaning
the quality or state of being superior; higher rank or quality
Example
His superiority in mathematics was evident from his test scores.
B2 noun /djʊˈreɪʃən/

duration

Meaning
the length of time that something continues
Example
The meeting lasted for the duration of two hours.
B2 noun /ˈwɒr.i.ər/

Warrior

Meaning
a person who fights in battles; a brave or experienced fighter
Example
The brave warrior defended his village from the invaders.
B2 adjective /ˈvɪʃ.əs/

Vicious

Meaning
deliberately cruel or violent; having a savage nature
Example
The vicious dog attacked anyone who came near its territory.
B2 noun ˈsʌbstɪˌtut

substitute

Meaning
A person or thing acting or serving in place of another.
Example
Money cannot be a substitute for genuine happiness.
B2 noun /dɪˈnɒmɪˌneɪtər/

denominator

Meaning
the number below the line in a fraction; a common factor in a situation
Example
In the fraction 3/4, the number 4 is the denominator.
B2 adjective sɪnˈθet̬.ɪk

synthetic

Meaning
Made by chemical synthesis, especially to imitate a natural product; artificial.
Example
Synthetic chemicals are used in processed foods.
B2 verb kəˈlaɪd

collide

Meaning
Hit with force when moving; come into conflict or opposition.
Example
The two cars collided at the intersection.
B2 noun /ˈtæd.poʊl/

Tadpole

Meaning
the larval stage of a frog or toad, having gills and a tail
Example
The pond was full of tadpoles swimming around.
B2 adjective /ˈɒnɡəʊɪŋ/

ongoing

Meaning
continuing; still in progress
Example
The ongoing project will finish next month.
B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

Meaning
a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams
Example
The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.
B2 noun ˈsəʊ.lər ˈen.ə.dʒi

solar energy

Meaning
Energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.
Example
Solar energy is vital for reducing carbon emissions.
B2 verb /maɪˈɡreɪt/

migrate

Meaning
To move from one region or habitat to another, especially regularly according to the seasons or for work.
Example
Birds migrate south during the winter.
B2 adjective /ˈnɑː.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/

Knowledgeable

Meaning
having extensive knowledge; well-informed; educated
Example
She is very knowledgeable about ancient history.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊn.səl.ɪŋ/

counselling

Meaning
the process of giving professional guidance and support to help someone deal with personal, social, psychological, or career-related problems
Example
She decided to seek counselling to manage stress and anxiety.
B2 adjective /əˈlɛdʒd/

alleged

Meaning
said or thought to be true, but not proven
Example
The alleged thief was caught by the police.
B2 verb /kɜːrb/

curb

Meaning
to restrain, control, or limit something
Example
The government took steps to curb inflation.
B2 noun /ˈpaɪ.rə.si/

Piracy

Meaning
the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea; the unauthorized use or reproduction of copyrighted material
Example
Software piracy costs companies billions of dollars annually.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈsuːtəbl/

Unsuitable

Meaning
not fitting or appropriate for a particular purpose or situation
Example
This formal dress is unsuitable for a casual beach party.
B2 noun ˈʃɔːtkʌmɪŋz

shortcomings

Meaning
A fault or failure to meet a certain standard; deficiencies.
Example
Institutional shortcomings affect student behavior negatively.
B2 verb /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/

accumulate

Meaning
to gather or collect things gradually over time
Example
She managed to accumulate a small fortune through wise investments.
B2 verb /θraɪv/

thrive

Meaning
to grow, develop, or be successful
Example
Small businesses can thrive with proper support.
B2 verb /əˈkʌmpəni/

accompany

Meaning
to go somewhere with someone as a companion or escort
Example
She asked her friend to accompany her to the concert.
B2 verb /prɪˈskrʌɪb/

prescribe

Meaning
to recommend or authorize the use of something, especially medicine
Example
The doctor prescribed medication for my cold.
B2 adjective /fəˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/

Forgiving

Meaning
ready and willing to forgive; merciful; lenient
Example
She has a forgiving nature and rarely holds grudges.
B2 noun /ˈtræn.zɪt/

transit

Meaning
Transportation or travel system, the process of travel or transportation from one place to another.
Example
The city is investing in a new transit system.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdʒɛkt/

inject

Meaning
To introduce a substance, especially a drug, into the body using a needle.
Example
The nurse will inject the vaccine into the patient's arm.
B2 verb /ˈkɪdnæp/

kidnap

Meaning
to take someone away illegally by force
Example
The criminals kidnapped the wealthy businessman.
B2 adverb /ˈɑːɡjuːəbli/

arguably

Meaning
used to say that a statement is open to argument or is considered true by many people
Example
She is arguably the most talented player on the team.
B2 adverb /ˈkɒnsɪkwəntli/

consequently

Meaning
as a result; therefore
Example
He didn’t study, and consequently he failed the exam.
B2 noun /əˈsɜːʃən/

assertion

Meaning
a confident and forceful statement of fact or belief
Example
Her assertion that she was right was met with silence.
B2 adjective /ˈmæskjəlɪn/

masculine

Meaning
having qualities traditionally associated with men
Example
He has a deep, masculine voice.
B2 adjective /hɪˈlɛəriəs/

hilarious

Meaning
Extremely funny or amusing.
Example
The comedian told a hilarious story that had everyone laughing.
B2 adjective /njuːˈmɛrɪkəl/

numerical

Meaning
relating to or expressed in numbers
Example
The report provides numerical data on population growth.
B2 noun /ˈaʊt.laɪn/

Outline

Meaning
a general description or plan showing the essential features of something; the main points
Example
The teacher provided an outline of the course syllabus.
B2 verb /dɪsˈtʃɑːrdʒ/

discharge

Meaning
to release or dismiss from duty; to emit or give off
Example
The hospital will discharge the patient tomorrow.
B2 noun /ˈprɛʃər ˈkʊkər/

Pressure cooker

Meaning
a sealed cooking pot that uses steam pressure to cook food faster
Example
Using a pressure cooker reduces cooking time by more than half.
B2 noun, verb /bəˈfeɪ/ (noun), /ˈbʌfɪt/ (verb)

buffet

Meaning
A meal where guests serve themselves from a variety of dishes arranged on a table; also means to strike repeatedly (as a verb).
Example
We enjoyed a large buffet at the wedding reception.
B2 noun /ˈθiːərɪst/

theorist

Meaning
A person who develops, studies, or explains theories in a particular field.
Example
The political theorist explained the impact of democracy on social structures.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.sə.taɪl/

versatile

Meaning
Able to adapt or be adapted to many different functions or activities; having many uses or applications.
Example
He is a versatile musician who can play multiple instruments.
B2 noun /ˈpæs.taɪm/

Pastime

Meaning
an activity done regularly for enjoyment; a hobby or recreational activity
Example
Reading books is her favorite pastime during weekends.
B2 verb /əˈmend/

amend

Meaning
to make changes or corrections to improve something; to modify
Example
They amended the contract to include new terms.
B2 noun /rɪˈfreʃ.mənt/

Refreshment

Meaning
food and drink that is served as a light meal; something that refreshes
Example
We served light refreshments after the meeting.
B2 adverb /ˈwɔːm.li/

Warmly

Meaning
in a warm manner; with warmth; cordially; affectionately
Example
She welcomed the guests warmly at the door.
B2 verb /ɪˈreɪs/

erase

Meaning
to remove completely; to delete or wipe out
Example
Use an eraser to erase the pencil marks.
B2 verb /ˈdɛzɪɡneɪt/

designate

Meaning
to officially assign, appoint, or indicate something or someone
Example
The committee will designate a new chairperson next week.
B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli/

extensively

Meaning
in a thorough or wide-ranging manner
Example
She traveled extensively across Europe for her research.
B2 verb, noun /sniːz/

sneeze

Meaning
to expel air involuntarily from the nose and mouth due to irritation; the act of sneezing
Example
I had to sneeze during the meeting.
B2 noun /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/

shooting

Meaning
the action of shooting a gun, camera, or similar device
Example
The shooting of the movie took several months.
B2 noun rɪˈzentmənt

resentment

Meaning
Bitter indignation at having been treated unfairly.
Example
Resentment grew among the students.
B2 noun /fɪˈzɪʃən/

physician

Meaning
a person qualified to practice medicine; a doctor
Example
The physician prescribed some medicine to treat the condition.
B2 noun /kæf/

Calf

Meaning
a young cow or bull; young of various large mammals
Example
The calf stayed close to its mother.
B2 verb /ˈsʌfəkeɪt/

suffocate

Meaning
to cause someone to die or have difficulty breathing by depriving them of air
Example
The child nearly suffocated when trapped in the locked room.
B2 noun /joʊlk/

Yolk

Meaning
the yellow internal part of a bird's egg, especially a hen's egg, which is rich in protein and fat
Example
She separated the egg white from the yolk.
B2 noun daɪˈvɜːsɪti

diversity

Meaning
The state of being diverse; variety.
Example
Biodiversity promotes ecosystem stability and resilience.
B2 noun /ˈɡælən/

gallon

Meaning
a unit of measurement for liquid capacity, equal to 4 quarts or approximately 3.8 liters
Example
He bought a gallon of milk.
B2 adjective /ˈdʒʌm.boʊ/

Jumbo

Meaning
exceptionally large; enormous; gigantic
Example
The jumbo jet was delayed at the airport.
B2 adjective /mɪˈsteɪkən/

mistaken

Meaning
wrong or incorrect because of an error in judgment or understanding
Example
I was mistaken about the meeting time.
B2 adjective /ˈfɛdərəl/

federal

Meaning
Relating to the central government of a federation.
Example
The federal government passed a new law on healthcare.
B2 verb /dɪsˈmɪs/

dismiss

Meaning
to remove someone from a job or position; to decide something is not important
Example
The manager dismissed the employee for being late too often.
B2 adjective dɪsˈrʌp.tɪv

disruptive

Meaning
Causing or tending to cause disruption.
Example
Deforestation has a disruptive effect on wildlife.