countless
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN English BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Spanish FR French DE German RU Russian ZH Chinese JA Japanese
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
B2 adjective /ˈkaʊntləs/

countless

Meaning
too many to be counted; innumerable
Example
There are countless stars in the sky.
B2 noun /dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Discrimination

Meaning
the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people; recognition of difference
Example
The company was sued for racial discrimination in their hiring practices.
C2 noun /ɑːmz/

alms

Meaning
Money, food, or goods given to the poor as charity.
Example
The monk distributed alms to the needy villagers.
B2 preposition /əˈmɪd/

amid

Meaning
in the middle of or surrounded by something
Example
The team stayed calm amid the chaos.
A2 adjective /ˈfɔːrməl/

formal

Meaning
done in accordance with rules of convention or etiquette; official or serious in nature
Example
He wore a formal suit to the wedding.
C1 noun kənˌsɒl.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən

Consolidation

Meaning
The process of converting newly learned information into long-term memory
Example
Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation.
B1 verb /əˈsɛs/

assess

Meaning
to evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something
Example
The teacher assessed the students' progress.
A1 noun /ˈbeɪbi/

baby

Meaning
a very young child, especially one newly or recently born
Example
The baby is sleeping peacefully in the crib.
B2 noun /ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪvjər/

misbehavior

Meaning
bad or improper behavior
Example
The teacher punished the student for his misbehavior.
B2 noun /ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti/

sexuality

Meaning
a person's capacity for sexual feelings and orientation
Example
She spoke openly about her sexuality and identity.
B2 adverb /ˈsiː.mɪŋ.li/

seemingly

Meaning
appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
Example
He was seemingly calm despite the chaos around him.
C1 noun /ˈleɪ.mən/

Layman

Meaning
a person without professional or specialized knowledge in a particular subject
Example
The doctor explained the procedure in layman's terms.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.əs/

Envious

Meaning
feeling or showing envy; jealous
Example
She felt envious of her friend's new car.
C1 noun /ˌbɪbliˈɒɡrəfi/

bibliography

Meaning
a list of books, articles, or other sources used or referred to in scholarly work
Example
The report includes a detailed bibliography at the end.
C1 adjective /ˈlɪstləs/

listless

Meaning
lacking energy, enthusiasm, or interest
Example
She felt listless after working long hours without rest.
C2 noun /ˈkeɪ.tɪf/

caitiff

Meaning
A contemptible or cowardly person.
Example
The knight despised the caitiff who betrayed his comrades.
C2 noun /ˈkriːməri/

creamery

Meaning
a place where milk and cream are processed and dairy products are made
Example
The local creamery produces fresh butter and cheese daily.
B2 noun /ˈɡʌvərnər/

governor

Meaning
An official appointed or elected to govern a state, territory, or organization.
Example
The governor addressed the citizens about the upcoming election.
B2 noun /ˈblʌn.dər/

blunder

Meaning
A stupid or careless mistake; a serious error in judgment.
Example
His blunder cost the company a fortune.
C1 noun /haɪˈeɪtəs/

hiatus

Meaning
A pause or break in continuity of a process or activity.
Example
The show returned after a long hiatus.
C1 noun ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti

sovereignty

Meaning
The authority of a state to govern itself or another state; supreme power or authority.
Example
Sovereignty is essential for a nation's identity.
C2 adjective /ˌʌnəˈsweɪdʒd/

unassuaged

Meaning
Not made less intense or relieved; unrelieved.
Example
His grief remained unassuaged despite the passage of time.
C2 adjective /ˈpʌdʒi/

pudgy

Meaning
slightly fat or chubby in a way that is often cute
Example
The baby had pudgy cheeks that everyone adored.
C2 noun /ˌhæŋ.ki ˈpæŋ.ki/

Hanky-Panky

Meaning
dishonest or suspicious activity; unethical behavior; trickery or deception
Example
The audit revealed some hanky-panky in the company's financial records.
B2 adjective /ɡrɪm/

grim

Meaning
very serious or gloomy in appearance or outlook
Example
The future looked grim after the disaster.
B1 noun /rɪˈɡret/

Regret

Meaning
a feeling of sadness or disappointment about something that has happened or been done
Example
She felt deep regret about her harsh words.
C2 noun ˌmæɡnəˈnɪmɪti

magnanimity

Meaning
Generosity in forgiving an insult or injury; forbearance.
Example
His magnanimity towards his competitors was admirable.
B2 noun /æmˈfɪbiən/

amphibian

Meaning
A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that can live both on land and in water.
Example
A frog is a common amphibian that lives both in water and on land.
B2 verb /ˈraɪpən/

ripen

Meaning
to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed
Example
The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather.
C1 adjective /ˈfɪɡərətɪv/

figurative

Meaning
not literal; using figures of speech or symbolic representation
Example
She used figurative language to describe her feelings.
B1 adverb /trəˈdɪʃənəli/

traditionally

Meaning
according to custom or long-established practice
Example
Bangladesh is traditionally known for its hospitality.
C2 noun /ˈkæm.fər/

Camphor

Meaning
a white crystalline substance with a strong aromatic smell, used in medicine and religious ceremonies
Example
The temple was filled with the fragrant smoke of burning camphor.
C2 noun /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈpruːdəns/

jurisprudence

Meaning
The theory, philosophy, or science of law.
Example
She is a professor of jurisprudence at the university.
C1 adjective /məˈtɪk.jə.ləs/

meticulous

Meaning
Extremely careful and precise in attention to detail
Example
A meticulous researcher checks every detail before publishing.
C2 noun /ˈɡlʌtəni/

gluttony

Meaning
Excessive eating or drinking; overindulgence in food or drink.
Example
His gluttony during the festival left him feeling sick.
B1 noun /stoʊv/

Stove

Meaning
a kitchen appliance used for cooking food by applying heat
Example
She cooked dinner on the gas stove.
B2 adjective ˌæs.trəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl

astronomical

Meaning
Relating to astronomy; extremely large in amount or extent.
Example
The astronomical price reflects its exclusivity.
B2 verb, noun /ˈtæk.əl/

tackle

Meaning
to try to deal with or solve a difficult problem; to physically stop someone in sports by knocking them down
Example
The coach taught the players how to tackle properly.
C2 prefix /dɪs-/

dys-

Meaning
A prefix meaning abnormal, bad, difficult, or impaired.
Example
Words like 'dysfunction' and 'dyslexia' use the prefix dys- to indicate difficulty or impairment.
C2 noun ˌmʌltɪˈfæsɪtɪd ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈfreɪmwɜːrks

multifaceted information frameworks

Meaning
Complex, comprehensive structures for organizing and managing information that have multiple aspects or dimensions.
Example
Digital literacy involves building multifaceted information frameworks.
C2 noun /fækˈtoʊtəm/

factotum

Meaning
an employee who does many different types of work; a general servant
Example
He worked as a factotum, handling both clerical and maintenance duties.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛniwʌn/

anyone

Meaning
any person at all; used to refer to an unspecified person
Example
Does anyone know the answer to this question?
B2 noun /stɪŋk/

Stink

Meaning
a strong unpleasant smell; bad odor
Example
The garbage created a terrible stink in the kitchen.
C2 noun /miːd/

mead

Meaning
An alcoholic drink made from fermented honey and water.
Example
The Vikings were known to drink large amounts of mead during feasts.
C1 noun /səˈlɪləkwi/

soliloquy

Meaning
a speech in which a character talks to themselves, often used in drama to reveal inner thoughts
Example
Hamlet's soliloquy is one of the most famous passages in Shakespearean drama.
B2 adjective /ˈæbsəluːt/

absolute

Meaning
total, complete, or without restriction
Example
The dictator had absolute power over the nation.
B1 adjective /ˈmen.təl/

Mental

Meaning
relating to the mind; intellectual; psychological
Example
She has strong mental health and resilience.
C1 noun /saɪð/

scythe

Meaning
A tool with a long curved blade used for cutting grass or grain.
Example
The farmer sharpened his scythe before harvesting the wheat.
C1 noun /əˈsɛsər/

assessor

Meaning
a person who evaluates or estimates the nature, ability, or quality of something
Example
An external assessor reviewed the project report.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈstændɪŋ/

standing

Meaning
status, reputation, or position; also the act of being upright on the feet
Example
He has high standing in the community for his charity work.
B2 noun /vaɪn/

vine

Meaning
a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes
Example
The vine climbed up the wall and covered it with green leaves.
C2 noun /ˈhɒɡz.hɛd/

hogshead

Meaning
A large cask or barrel, traditionally used for storing liquids like wine or beer.
Example
The cellar was filled with hogsheads of ale.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbl/

Undesirable

Meaning
not wanted or wished for; harmful or unpleasant
Example
The new policy had several undesirable consequences.
B2 adverb /kənˈvɜːrsli/

conversely

Meaning
in an opposite or contrary manner
Example
He is rich, conversely, his brother struggles financially.
B1 noun, verb /ˈdɪskaʊnt/

discount

Meaning
A reduction in the usual price of something; to reduce the price of something.
Example
The store offered a 20% discount on all electronics.
A1 noun/verb /ˈkʊkɪŋ/

cooking

Meaning
the process of preparing food by heating it
Example
Cooking is one of my favorite hobbies.
B1 noun /ˈwɜːrkʃɒp/

workshop

Meaning
a room or building where people engage in work or creative activities
Example
The workshop focused on improving technical skills for young professionals.
B2 noun /dɪsˈmɪsl̩/

dismissal

Meaning
the act of removing someone from their job; the act of treating something as unimportant
Example
His unfair dismissal led to a lawsuit against the company.
B2 noun/verb /kjuː/

cue

Meaning
A signal or prompt for action; to give a signal.
Example
The actor waited for his cue before entering the stage.
B1 noun məˈdʒɒrəti

majority

Meaning
The greater number; the larger part of something.
Example
The majority demanded their rights.
C1 adjective /məˈləʊ.di.əs/

Melodious

Meaning
having a pleasant musical sound; tuneful
Example
Her melodious voice captivated the entire audience.
C2 noun /ˈiːdʒɪs/

aegis

Meaning
The protection, backing, or support of a particular person or organization.
Example
The project was carried out under the aegis of the United Nations.
B1 noun dɪˈmɒk.rə.si

democracy

Meaning
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Example
Democracy ensures equal rights for all citizens.
B2 noun /ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

Eruption

Meaning
a sudden violent occurrence or outburst; volcanic explosion
Example
The volcanic eruption forced thousands of people to evacuate the area.
A2 noun /ˈhæn.dəl/

Handle

Meaning
the part by which a thing is held, carried, or controlled; to manage or deal with something
Example
The suitcase has a sturdy handle that makes it easy to carry through the airport.
B2 verb /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ/

engaging

Meaning
Participating or becoming involved in; occupying or attracting someone's interest or attention.
Example
Engaging youth in education is essential.
C1 noun /huːf/

Hoof

Meaning
the hard part covering the foot of horses, cattle, sheep, and other animals
Example
The horse's hoof was injured after stepping on a sharp rock.
C2 adjective /rəˈkoʊkoʊ/

rococo

Meaning
characterized by ornate detail and elaborate decoration, especially in art, architecture, and design
Example
The palace was decorated in a lavish rococo style.
A2 verb /əˈtækt/

attacked

Meaning
physically or verbally assaulted someone or something; launched an aggressive action against a target
Example
The soldiers attacked the enemy at dawn.
A2 noun /ˈseɪf.ti/

Safety

Meaning
condition of being protected from danger, risk, or injury
Example
The company prioritizes workplace safety above all else.
C1 verb /mɑːrd/

marred

Meaning
to spoil or damage the quality or appearance of something
Example
The celebration was marred by bad weather.
C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

Meaning
The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.
Example
The company's solvency improved after restructuring.
C2 noun /dəˈkɔɪt/

Dacoit

Meaning
a member of an armed gang of robbers; a bandit, especially in India and Myanmar
Example
The village was terrorized by a gang of dacoits who robbed travelers.
A1 noun /ˈvedʒ.tə.bəlz/

Vegetables

Meaning
plants or parts of plants that are eaten as food, such as peas, beans, cabbage, potatoes, onions, or carrots
Example
We should eat more vegetables to maintain a healthy diet.
C1 adjective /ˌboʊnəˈfaɪdi/

Bonafide

Meaning
genuine; authentic; legitimate
Example
She is a bonafide expert in her field.
C1 noun /ˌdiː.kɒmpəˈzɪʃən/

decomposition

Meaning
the process of decaying or breaking down into simpler parts
Example
The decomposition of leaves enriches the soil.
B1 noun /ˈbaɪbəl/

bible

Meaning
the Christian scriptures consisting of the Old and New Testaments; also used for any authoritative book
Example
She reads the Bible every morning.
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˈmɪʃən/

intermission

Meaning
A pause or break, especially during a performance or event.
Example
The play had a twenty-minute intermission.
A2 noun /væn/

van

Meaning
a large vehicle used for transporting goods or people
Example
The delivery van stopped in front of our house.
A1 verb /steɪ/

stay

Meaning
to remain in the same place; to continue being
Example
Please stay here until I return.
A1 noun /θɪŋ/

thing

Meaning
an object, idea, or matter that is being referred to or dealt with
Example
This is the thing I was looking for.
C1 adjective /ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəl/

Suicidal

Meaning
relating to or having thoughts of killing oneself; extremely dangerous or harmful
Example
The reckless driving was suicidal behavior.
B2 noun /əbˈzɜːvər/

observer

Meaning
a person who watches or notices something
Example
The observer took notes during the meeting.
B1 noun /ˈrʌbɪʃ/

Rubbish

Meaning
waste material; refuse or litter; nonsense or worthless things
Example
Please throw the rubbish in the bin.
C1 noun ˌæf.ɔːr.ɪˈsteɪ.ʃən

afforestation

Meaning
The action of planting trees on an area of land in order to form a forest.
Example
Afforestation helps restore biodiversity.
B2 noun/verb /skræp/

scrap

Meaning
A small piece of something; to discard or get rid of something.
Example
He used a scrap of paper to jot down the number.
C1 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəl/

Remedial

Meaning
intended as a remedy; corrective; providing a cure;
Example
The students need remedial classes to improve their math skills.
C2 noun /mæŋˈɡoʊ.li.ə/

Mangolia

Meaning
a type of flowering tree with large, fragrant pink or white flowers
Example
The beautiful magnolia tree bloomed in spring with pink flowers.
C1 noun /ˈskæf.əld/

Scaffold

Meaning
a temporary structure used by workers to stand on when building or repairing something high; a platform for execution
Example
The workers erected a scaffold to paint the building's exterior.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.ɪˈluː.ʒən.mənt/

disillusionment

Meaning
A feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.
Example
Many people experience disillusionment after unrealistic expectations.
B2 adjective /ˈʌpˌhɪl/

Uphill

Meaning
difficult; requiring great effort; sloping upward
Example
Learning a new language can be an uphill battle.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnjʊərd/

inured

Meaning
Accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.
Example
After years of hardship, she was inured to suffering.
B1 noun ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪts

candidates

Meaning
A person who applies for a job or is nominated for election; someone being considered for a position.
Example
Candidates undergo a rigorous selection process.
C2 noun ˌæɡ.roʊ.iˈkɒl.ə.dʒi

agroecology

Meaning
A scientific discipline that studies agricultural systems by applying ecological concepts and principles.
Example
Agroecology promotes eco-friendly farming.
C2 noun /ˈbɔːl.səm ˈæp.əl/

Balsam apple

Meaning
a bitter gourd vegetable with a bumpy green skin, also known as bitter melon
Example
Balsam apple is cooked with spices to reduce its bitter taste.
B2 adjective /ˈdaʊt.fəl/

Doubtful

Meaning
uncertain; questionable; feeling uncertain about something
Example
I am doubtful about the success of this project.
C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɪˌɡoʊ/

vertigo

Meaning
A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.
Example
She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building.
C2 noun /ˈæf.ə.rɪ.zəm/

aphorism

Meaning
a short, witty saying that expresses a general truth or principle
Example
He began his speech with an aphorism about life and success.
C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

Meaning
A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.
Example
Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.
B1 noun /ˈproʊˌfaɪl/

profile

Meaning
a description or representation of someone or something; an outline
Example
He updated his profile on the company website.
C1 verb /ʌnˈɜːθ/

unearth

Meaning
To dig up from the ground or to discover something hidden.
Example
Archaeologists unearthed ancient artifacts at the site.
B1 noun /weɪv/

Wave

Meaning
a moving ridge on the surface of water; a gesture of greeting or farewell
Example
The surfer rode the big wave all the way to the shore.
C1 adjective ˈmær.ɪ.taɪm

Maritime

Meaning
Connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.
Example
Maritime trade enhances the economy.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɪst/

resist

Meaning
to oppose or fight against; to withstand
Example
He could not resist the temptation.
B2 verb /wɪp/

whip

Meaning
to strike or beat with a flexible instrument such as a rope or cord
Example
The trainer whipped the horse to make it run faster.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɜːr/

incur

Meaning
To bring upon oneself something undesirable, usually as a result of actions.
Example
He incurred a fine for parking in the wrong place.
C1 adjective /dɪˈfɪʃənt/

Deficient

Meaning
not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient; lacking or inadequate
Example
His diet was deficient in essential vitamins.
B2 noun /ˈfɔːrmjələ/

formula

Meaning
a fixed method for doing something; a mathematical or chemical rule expressed in symbols
Example
The scientist discovered a new formula for the medicine.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
B2 noun /wæks/

Wax

Meaning
a solid substance that melts when heated, used for making candles and polishing
Example
She used candle wax to seal the old letter.
A1 adjective/adverb /leɪt/

late

Meaning
arriving, happening, or done after the expected time
Example
He arrived late to the meeting.
C2 verb /ˈrʌmpəl/

rumple

Meaning
to make something untidy or wrinkled by creasing or crumpling
Example
She accidentally rumpled her dress while packing.
C1 noun /tʃæmp/

champ

Meaning
an informal word for champion or winner.
Example
He is the new champ of the boxing tournament.
B2 noun /sɪlk/

silk

Meaning
a fine, smooth fabric made from the threads produced by silkworms
Example
The dress was made of pure silk.
C1 noun /ˈsɒl.ɪs/

Solace

Meaning
comfort or consolation in a time of distress or sadness
Example
She found solace in music after her loss.
C2 noun /ˈpɜr.kwɪ.zɪt/

Perquisite

Meaning
an additional benefit or privilege given to an employee beyond their regular salary; a special right or advantage
Example
Company car was one of the perquisites of his executive position.
B2 adjective, noun /ˈfeɪʃəl/

facial

Meaning
Relating to the face; a beauty treatment for the face
Example
She booked a facial at the spa.
B1 noun ˈiːˌkɒm.ɜːrs

e-commerce

Meaning
The process of buying and selling goods or services through the internet.
Example
E-commerce has revolutionized the way people shop.
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒenɪtl/

congenital

Meaning
existing from birth, usually describing a disease or condition
Example
The child was born with a congenital heart defect.
B1 noun /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zənz/

citizens

Meaning
A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth.
Example
Citizens must follow pollution regulations.
C1 noun /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

anguish

Meaning
Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
Example
She was in deep anguish after hearing the tragic news.