B2 noun /ˌkɒnsərˈveɪʃən ˈmuːvmənt/

Conservation Movement

Meaning

A political, environmental, and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future.

Example

The conservation movement began in the 19th century to protect wildlife.

B2 noun /ˈkreɪvɪŋ/

craving

Meaning

a strong desire for something

Example

She has a craving for chocolate every evening.

B2 verb /ɪnˈroʊl/

enrol

Meaning

To officially register or sign up for a course, program, or membership

Example

She decided to enrol in a language course to improve her skills.

B2 noun /er/

Heir

Meaning

a person legally entitled to the property or rank of another on that person's death

Example

The young prince was the rightful heir to the throne and would become king someday.

B2 verb /ˈraɪpən/

ripen

Meaning

to become or make something ready to eat or fully developed

Example

The bananas ripened quickly in the warm weather.

B2 noun /ˈoʊtˌmiːl/

oatmeal

Meaning

A type of porridge made from ground oats, often eaten for breakfast.

Example

She eats a bowl of oatmeal every morning for breakfast.

B2 adjective /dɪˈfensɪv/

Defensive

Meaning

used or intended to defend or protect; showing a tendency to react in an angry or hurt way when criticized

Example

He became defensive when criticized about his work.

B2 adjective /ˈrɪtʃ.u.əl/

Ritual

Meaning

relating to religious or ceremonial practices

Example

The wedding ceremony included many traditional ritual elements.

B2 adjective/noun /staʊt/

stout

Meaning

Strong, thick, or heavily built; also a kind of dark beer

Example

The stout man lifted the heavy box with ease.

B2 noun jiːld

yield

Meaning

A financial return or reward (especially a dividend or interest) from an investment.

Example

The investment yielded high returns last year.

B2 adjective /əˈbrʌpt/

abrupt

Meaning

Sudden or unexpected, often without warning.

Example

The car came to an abrupt stop in the middle of the road.

B2 verb dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt

deteriorate

Meaning

To become progressively worse in quality, condition, or performance; to decline.

Example

Unplanned growth can deteriorate living conditions.

B2 adjective /prəˈpoʊzd/

proposed

Meaning

suggested or put forward for consideration or discussion

Example

The proposed changes will improve the system.

B2 noun /ˈfjuːʒən/

fusion

Meaning

the process or result of joining two or more things together to form a single entity

Example

The restaurant offers a unique fusion of Asian and European cuisines.

B2 verb /kweɪk/

quake

Meaning

to shake or tremble, often due to fear or a natural event like an earthquake

Example

The ground began to quake during the earthquake.

B2 adjective /prɪˈdɪktəbəl/

predictable

Meaning

able to be predicted or foreseen

Example

His reactions were predictable based on his past behavior.

B2 noun /ˈɔːkʃən/

Auction

Meaning

a public sale in which goods or property are sold to the highest bidder

Example

The antique furniture was sold at an auction last weekend.

B2 noun /ˌrezəˈveɪʃən/

Reservation

Meaning

the action of reserving something; an arrangement whereby something is reserved for a particular person; a qualification to an expression of agreement or approval

Example

I made a reservation at the restaurant for tonight.

B2 noun /fɪˈzɪʃən/

physician

Meaning

a person qualified to practice medicine; a doctor

Example

The physician prescribed some medicine to treat the condition.

B2 noun /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ mæn/

working-man

Meaning

a man engaged in manual labor or industrial work, often considered as part of the working class

Example

The working-man fought hard for better wages and conditions.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪˌfækt/

artifact

Meaning

an object made by humans, typically of historical or cultural interest

Example

The museum displayed ancient artifacts from Egypt.

B2 verb /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/

specialize

Meaning

to focus on a particular subject or activity and become an expert in it

Example

He decided to specialize in cardiology.

B2 adjective /ˈneɪvəl/

naval

Meaning

relating to a country's navy or military ships

Example

The country invested heavily in naval defense.

B2 noun /tʃʌŋk/

chunk

Meaning

a thick or solid piece of something

Example

She cut the cake into large chunks.

B2 noun /ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/

Influencer

Meaning

A person with the ability to influence potential buyers of a product or service by promoting or recommending the items on social media.

Example

Social media influencers shape consumer preferences.

B2 adjective /ˈheɪsti/

Hasty

Meaning

done or acting with excessive speed or urgency; hurried

Example

Don't make hasty decisions when you're angry.

B2 noun əˈʃɔː.rəns

assurance

Meaning

A positive declaration intended to give confidence; a promise.

Example

Assurance of quality is a priority for the council.

B2 adjective /prəˈnaʊnst/

pronounced

Meaning

very noticeable or strongly marked

Example

There is a pronounced difference between the two styles.

B2 verb /rɪˈkɔːl/

recall

Meaning

to bring (a memory, fact, or situation) back into one's mind

Example

I can't recall the last time we met.

B2 verb /ɪnˈfɛkt/

infect

Meaning

To contaminate with a disease-causing organism.

Example

The virus can infect healthy people quickly.

B2 verb /ˌriː.kənˈstrʌkt/

reconstruct

Meaning

to build or form something again after it has been damaged or destroyed

Example

The city was reconstructed after the earthquake.

B2 noun /ˈɡuːs.ber.i/

Gooseberry

Meaning

a small round green or red berry that grows on a thorny bush

Example

Gooseberries are rich in vitamin C and make excellent jams.

B2 noun /əbˈzɜːvər/

observer

Meaning

a person who watches or notices something

Example

The observer took notes during the meeting.

B2 noun /ˈpen.ʃən/

Pension

Meaning

a regular payment made to someone who is no longer working because of age or disability

Example

After retirement, he receives a monthly pension from the company.

B2 noun /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Animation

Meaning

the technique of making inanimate objects appear to move; liveliness and enthusiasm

Example

The animation in this movie is incredibly detailed.

B2 noun ˈbreɪk.θruː

breakthrough

Meaning

A sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development.

Example

The breakthrough opens doors for new technology.

B2 noun ˈpærəˌlɛlz

parallels

Meaning

Similarities or comparisons between two different things or situations

Example

There are parallels between Japan's aging issues and Bangladesh's situation.

B2 noun, verb /ˈɪnstɪˌtjuːt/

institute

Meaning

as a noun, an organization founded for a specific purpose; as a verb, to establish or initiate

Example

The university decided to institute new rules for the library.

B2 noun ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən

consultation

Meaning

The action of consulting or discussing; a meeting with an expert or professional to seek advice.

Example

Consultation was essential.

B2 adjective /ˈeɪ.li.ən/

alien

Meaning

Belonging to a foreign country or nation; extraterrestrial.

Example

The telescope is capable of detecting alien signals.

B2 noun /ˈmɒdjuːl/

module

Meaning

a self-contained unit of a course or system, typically part of a larger whole

Example

The module on machine learning was difficult but informative.

B2 adjective, verb (present participle) /ˈfloʊtɪŋ/

floating

Meaning

remaining on the surface of a liquid without sinking; moving lightly or freely

Example

The boat was floating gently on the calm lake.

B2 noun /ˈlæv.ən.dər/

Lavender

Meaning

a fragrant purple flowering plant used in perfumes and aromatherapy

Example

The lavender field filled the air with its sweet, calming fragrance.

B2 adjective /ˈhændi/

handy

Meaning

convenient to use or easily accessible; skillful with the hands

Example

This pocket knife is very handy when you go camping.

B2 verb /ˌmɪsˈjuːz/

misuse

Meaning

To use something incorrectly or for the wrong purpose.

Example

Misusing social media profiles can harm relationships.

B2 verb /ˈflʌrɪʃ/

flourish

Meaning

To grow or develop in a healthy or successful way.

Example

Her business began to flourish after she introduced online sales.

B2 adjective /ʌnprɪˈpɛrd/

Unprepared

Meaning

not ready or able to deal with something

Example

He was unprepared for the difficult exam.

B2 noun /dɪˈsep.ʃən/

Deception

Meaning

the action of deceiving someone; the state of being deceived

Example

The magician's deception amazed the audience with seemingly impossible tricks.

B2 verb /əˈbɒlɪʃ/

abolish

Meaning

to formally end or stop something; to cancel or eliminate completely

Example

The government decided to abolish the old tax system.

B2 verb/noun /vɛnt/

vent

Meaning

to release air, gas, or strong emotions; an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass

Example

She vented her frustration after the long meeting.

B2 adjective /slæk/

slack

Meaning

not tight, firm, or busy; lacking tension or activity

Example

Business is slack during the rainy season.

B2 noun /sfɪər/

sphere

Meaning

a round, three-dimensional shape that is perfectly symmetrical around its center; an area of activity or knowledge

Example

The Earth is almost a perfect sphere.

B2 adjective /saʊər/

Sour

Meaning

having an acid taste like lemon or vinegar; unpleasant or disagreeable

Example

The milk has gone sour and smells terrible.

B2 verb /əˈteɪn/

attain

Meaning

to achieve or reach something

Example

She worked hard to attain her goals.

B2 noun /heɪl/

Hail

Meaning

pellets of frozen rain that fall in showers from cumulonimbus clouds; a greeting or acclaim

Example

The sudden hailstorm damaged many cars in the parking lot with large ice pellets.

B2 noun /ˈkæʃ.uː nʌt/

Cashew Nut

Meaning

a kidney-shaped nut with a creamy texture and mild flavor

Example

Cashew nuts are often used in cooking and as a healthy snack.

B2 noun /ˈbækdrɒp/

backdrop

Meaning

a painted cloth or other structure used behind a stage

Example

The backdrop for the play was a beautiful mountain scene.

B2 noun /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdær.ə.ti/

Solidarity

Meaning

unity or agreement of feeling or action among individuals with a common interest

Example

The workers showed solidarity during the strike.

B2 noun /ˌren.əˈveɪ.ʃən/

Renovation

Meaning

the act of renovating; restoration to a former better state

Example

The old house underwent a complete renovation last year.

B2 verb /ˈkɒnvɪkt/

convict

Meaning

to find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

Example

The court convicted him of theft.

B2 noun /ˈpæd.i/

Paddy

Meaning

rice in its natural state before processing; a field where rice is grown

Example

The farmers worked hard in the paddy fields during harvest season.

B2 verb ˈɪmplɪment

implement

Meaning

To put a decision or plan into effect; to execute or apply.

Example

Implementing educational policies is essential for progress.

B2 verb /fraʊn/

frown

Meaning

to wrinkle one's brow in displeasure or concentration

Example

She frowned when she heard the bad news.

B2 adjective /ˈtʃʌbi/

chubby

Meaning

slightly fat in a way that looks healthy and pleasant

Example

The baby has chubby cheeks.

B2 noun /ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə/

encyclopedia

Meaning

a book or set of books containing information on many subjects, usually arranged alphabetically

Example

She used an encyclopedia to complete her school project.

B2 verb /ɪˈvoʊk/

evoke

Meaning

to bring a feeling, memory, or image into the mind

Example

The old song evoked memories of her childhood.

B2 noun trænˈspær.ən.si

transparency

Meaning

The quality of being easy to perceive or detect; openness, accountability, and honesty in governance or operations.

Example

Transparency fosters trust in governance.

B2 noun /ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒi/

sociology

Meaning

the study of society, human relationships, and social institutions

Example

She is studying sociology at university.

B2 adverb /ˈsiː.krət.li/

secretly

Meaning

in a way that is hidden or not known by others

Example

She secretly planned a surprise party for her friend.

B2 noun /ˈvæmpaɪər/

vampire

Meaning

a mythical creature that sucks blood from the living; metaphorically, a person who exploits others

Example

In folklore, a vampire rises at night to drink human blood.

B2 noun/verb /hɜːrd/

herd

Meaning

a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together; or to gather animals into a group.

Example

The shepherd herded the sheep into the pen.

B2 noun trænˈzɪʃ.ən

transition

Meaning

The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another.

Example

The transition from fossil fuels to renewables is vital.

B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

insignificant

Meaning

Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.

Example

The cost was so insignificant that nobody noticed it.

B2 noun /ˈwɪd.oʊ.ər/

Widower

Meaning

a man whose wife has died and who has not married again

Example

The elderly widower lived alone but had regular visits from his children.

B2 noun ˈkrɪp.toʊˌkɝː.ən.si

cryptocurrency

Meaning

Decentralized digital currency operated using blockchain technology.

Example

Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency in the market.

B2 noun ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

evaluation

Meaning

The making of a judgment about the amount, number, or value of something; assessment.

Example

Accurate evaluation helps determine resource sustainability.

B2 noun sɔɪl ɪˈrəʊʒən

soil erosion

Meaning

The wearing away of topsoil by water, wind, or other natural forces.

Example

Soil erosion can lead to the loss of fertile land.

B2 noun /ɡɪɡ/

gig

Meaning

A live performance by a musician, band, or entertainer; also a temporary job.

Example

The band has a gig at the local club tonight.

B2 noun /ˈkæʃuː nʌts/

Cashew nuts

Meaning

kidney-shaped nuts from the cashew tree, commonly eaten as snacks or used in cooking

Example

Cashew nuts are often used in Indian sweets and curries.

B2 noun /ˈsaɪrən/

siren

Meaning

A device that makes a loud prolonged sound as a signal or warning; in mythology, a creature that lures sailors with enchanting songs.

Example

The police car passed with its siren blaring.

B2 verb /dɪˈvoʊt/

devote

Meaning

to give time, effort, or resources to something

Example

She devotes much of her time to helping the poor.

B2 verb /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/

sympathize

Meaning

to feel sorry for someone; to understand and share someone's feelings

Example

I sympathize with your loss.

B2 adverb /pɪˈkju:.li.ə.li/

Peculiarly

Meaning

in a strange or unusual way; in a manner that is distinctive or characteristic

Example

She dressed peculiarly for the formal dinner, wearing bright colors and unusual patterns.

B2 noun /θɔːn/

Thorn

Meaning

a sharp pointed part of a plant; something that causes pain or annoyance

Example

Be careful of the thorns on the rose bush.

B2 noun /ɪnˈventər/

inventor

Meaning

a person who creates or designs something new, especially a device, method, or process

Example

The inventor patented her new medical device.

B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

Meaning

Components or elements used to create something.

Example

Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.

B2 verb /ˈwɪɡəl/

wiggle

Meaning

To move or cause to move with small rapid movements from side to side.

Example

The baby wiggled happily in her mother's arms.

B2 noun /ˌɪm.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Imitation

Meaning

the action of using someone or something as a model; a copy of something original

Example

His imitation of the famous actor was so good that everyone burst into laughter.

B2 adjective /bliːk/

bleak

Meaning

cold, miserable, or without hope

Example

The future seemed bleak after the economic downturn.

B2 adjective /əˈpærənt/

apparent

Meaning

Clearly visible or understood; obvious.

Example

It soon became apparent that he was not telling the truth.

B2 noun, verb /ˈbʌŋkər/

bunker

Meaning

a reinforced underground shelter; to place or store something in a protected place

Example

They hid in a bunker during the air raid.

B2 noun /ˈlænd.lɔːrd/

Land lord

Meaning

a person who owns property and rents it to tenants

Example

The landlord collected the monthly rent from all tenants.

B2 noun /kəˈrɪz.mə/

charisma

Meaning

Compelling attractiveness or charm that can inspire devotion in others.

Example

His charisma helped him become a great leader.

B2 adjective /ˌmænˈmeɪd/

manmade

Meaning

something created or built by humans rather than occurring naturally

Example

This lake is manmade, not natural.

B2 verb /rɪˈvaɪv/

revive

Meaning

To bring back to life, consciousness, or activity.

Example

The paramedics managed to revive the unconscious man.

B2 adjective /ˈdespərət/

Desperate

Meaning

reckless; extremely urgent; critical

Example

The situation became desperate as water supplies ran out.

B2 noun /dɪˈstɪŋk.ʃən/

Distinction

Meaning

a difference or contrast between similar things; excellence that sets someone apart; honor or recognition

Example

She graduated with distinction, earning the highest honors in her class.

B2 verb /fʊlˈfɪl/

fulfill

Meaning

to complete or accomplish something, especially a task or promise

Example

He worked hard to fulfill his dreams.

B2 noun /kənˈvɛn.ʃən.əl ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

conventional farming

Meaning

Traditional farming method using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and modern technology.

Example

Conventional farming increases crop production using fertilizers.

B2 adjective /prɪˈdɒmɪnənt/

predominant

Meaning

Having superior strength, influence, or authority; most common or noticeable.

Example

The predominant color in the painting is blue.

B2 noun ɪnˈdev.ər

endeavor

Meaning

An attempt to achieve a goal; a serious determined effort.

Example

The endeavor to innovate space tourism is ambitious.

B2 noun /ˈbærəl/

barrel

Meaning

a large cylindrical container used to hold liquids

Example

The wine was stored in a wooden barrel.

B2 verb /kəˈrɛspɒnd/

correspond

Meaning

to communicate by exchanging letters or messages

Example

I correspond regularly with my old friends.

B2 noun /lʌŋ/

Lung

Meaning

either of the two organs in the chest that you use for breathing

Example

Smoking can cause serious damage to your lungs.

B2 adjective /əˈfekʃənət/

Affectionate

Meaning

loving; caring; tender; showing affection

Example

She is very affectionate towards her children.

B2 noun /ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/

Expectation

Meaning

a strong belief that something will happen or be the case; anticipation

Example

The new teacher exceeded everyone's expectations with her innovative teaching methods.

B2 adjective /ˈʌpˌhɪl/

Uphill

Meaning

difficult; requiring great effort; sloping upward

Example

Learning a new language can be an uphill battle.

B2 adjective /əˈsɜːr.tɪv/

Assertive

Meaning

confident and forceful; having a strong personality

Example

She is very assertive when speaking in meetings.

B2 verb /prəˈhɪbɪt/

prohibit

Meaning

to forbid something by law, rule, or other authority

Example

The law prohibits smoking in public places.

B2 adjective /ˈlɪt.ər.ət/

Literate

Meaning

able to read and write; educated; well-educated

Example

She is a very literate person who reads extensively.

B2 adjective /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/

Extensive

Meaning

covering or affecting a large area; comprehensive; wide-ranging

Example

The company conducted extensive research before launching the new product.

B2 noun /ˈhɑːt.biːt/

heartbeat

Meaning

A pulsation of the heart, especially as perceptible to the touch or audible with a stethoscope.

Example

Rubbing the eyes helps normalize the heartbeat.

B2 noun /ˈmɪsaɪl/ or /ˈmɪsəl/

missile

Meaning

a weapon that is self-propelled and directed toward a target

Example

The army launched a missile towards the enemy base.

B2 noun ˈɡaɪd.laɪnz

guidelines

Meaning

Rules or instructions that are given by an official organization telling you how to do something

Example

Guidelines for AI usage are essential.

B2 noun /ˈθiːsɪs/

thesis

Meaning

A long piece of writing on a particular subject, usually for a degree at a university.

Example

She spent two years writing her doctoral thesis.

B2 noun /ˈbel.i/

Belly

Meaning

the front part of the human trunk below the ribs, containing the stomach and bowels; abdomen

Example

The baby kicked in her belly during pregnancy.

B2 adjective /boʊld/

Bold

Meaning

brave; confident; daring

Example

He made a bold decision to start his own business.

B2 noun ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈbæləns

ecological balance

Meaning

A state of dynamic equilibrium within a community of organisms.

Example

Maintaining ecological balance is essential for a sustainable planet.

B2 adjective /ˈwɜːrði/

Worthy

Meaning

deserving respect or attention; having merit

Example

Her charitable work made her worthy of the humanitarian award.

B2 noun /rɪˈlaɪ.əns/

Reliance

Meaning

the state of depending on something or someone for support or help

Example

His reliance on technology is concerning.

B2 adjective /kəmˈpoʊzd/

composed

Meaning

calm and in control of oneself; made up of or formed from

Example

He remained composed even under pressure.