Captive
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B2 noun /ˈkæp.tɪv/

Captive

Meaning
a person who has been taken prisoner or an animal that has been confined
Example
The captive was held in a small cell for several months.
B2 noun /ˈskɔːr.pi.ən/

Scorpion

Meaning
a small creature with eight legs, two claws, and a curved tail with a poisonous sting
Example
The scorpion hid under the rock during the day.
B2 noun /ˈveɪ.pər/

Vapour

Meaning
a substance in the form of a gas, especially when it has changed from a liquid or solid state
Example
Water vapour rose from the hot pavement after the rain.
B2 adverb /ˈstɛdɪli/

steadily

Meaning
in a regular and continuous way; without stopping or changing
Example
The company's profits have been increasing steadily.
B2 noun /ˈtreɪdmɑːrk/

trademark

Meaning
a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product
Example
The company’s logo is its trademark.
B2 verb /dɪsˈeɪbl/

disable

Meaning
to make something unable to function or operate
Example
The technician disabled the alarm system temporarily.
B2 noun /ˈsel.ər.i/

Celery

Meaning
a green vegetable with long crisp stems that can be eaten raw or cooked
Example
I added chopped celery to the soup for extra flavor.
B2 verb /ˈstrɛŋkθən/

strengthen

Meaning
To make or become stronger.
Example
Communication can strengthen bonds between people.
B2 verb /nɪˈɡlekt/

neglect

Meaning
to fail to care for or give attention to something
Example
Don't neglect your health while studying.
B2 noun /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/

Chaos

Meaning
complete disorder and confusion; a state of total confusion with no order
Example
The earthquake caused chaos in the city as buildings collapsed and people panicked.
B2 adjective /ˈroʊlɪŋ/

rolling

Meaning
moving in gentle undulations; moving forward by turning over and over
Example
They drove through the rolling hills of the countryside.
B2 noun /ˌmɒd.ən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

modernization

Meaning
The process of adapting something to modern needs or habits.
Example
Modernization of industries reduces pollution.
B2 noun /ɪˈfɛktɪvnəs/

effectiveness

Meaning
the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result.
Example
The effectiveness of the new policy is still being evaluated.
B2 noun /liːk/

Leak

Meaning
a hole in a container or covering through which contents escape or enter accidentally
Example
There is a leak in the water pipe.
B2 adjective /ɡeɪ/

gay

Meaning
sexually attracted to people of the same sex; also used to mean cheerful or lively
Example
He came out as gay during college.
B2 verb /ˈæktɪveɪt/

activate

Meaning
to make something start or function
Example
She pressed the button to activate the machine.
B2 noun /ˈdɔːr.mæt/

Door-mat

Meaning
a mat placed in front of a door for wiping feet
Example
Please wipe your feet on the door-mat before entering the house.
B2 noun məˈtæb.əl.ɪ.zəm

metabolism

Meaning
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Example
Exercise boosts metabolism and burns calories.
B2 verb /pərˈsiːvd/

perceived

Meaning
to become aware of something through the senses or the mind; to understand or interpret
Example
She perceived a hint of sadness in his voice.
B2 adverb /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃəli/

Artificially

Meaning
by artificial means; not naturally; in a fake manner
Example
The lake was artificially created for irrigation purposes.
B2 noun /broʊtʃ/

brooch

Meaning
a decorative jewelry pin that is attached to clothing
Example
She wore a beautiful silver brooch on her jacket.
B2 noun /ɡloʊb/

Globe

Meaning
a spherical or rounded object; the earth; a spherical model of the earth
Example
The teacher used a globe to show the students the locations of different countries.
B2 noun /ˌæktɪˈveɪʃən/

activation

Meaning
the act of making something start functioning
Example
The activation of the system took longer than expected.
B2 noun /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃən/

multiplication

Meaning
the mathematical process of combining numbers to get a product; the act of increasing in number or amount
Example
Multiplication is one of the basic operations taught in elementary mathematics.
B2 noun /ˌhɑː.spɪˈtæl.ə.ti/

Hospitality

Meaning
the friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests or strangers
Example
The hotel staff's exceptional hospitality made our vacation truly memorable and enjoyable.
B2 noun /prəˈsiːdɪŋ/

proceeding

Meaning
a course of action; often used for a legal process or event
Example
The court proceedings lasted for several hours.
B2 adverb /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/

efficiently

Meaning
in a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense
Example
She managed to complete the task efficiently within the deadline.
B2 adjective /ˈkræŋki/

cranky

Meaning
bad-tempered, easily annoyed, or irritable
Example
The child gets cranky when he is hungry.
B2 noun ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃn

reconstruction

Meaning
The action or process of reconstructing or being reconstructed.
Example
The reconstruction project took years.
B2 noun /daɪm/

dime

Meaning
a small coin, especially a U.S. coin worth ten cents
Example
He gave me a dime for the phone call.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl/

Invisible

Meaning
unable to be seen; not visible to the eye
Example
The bacteria are invisible without a microscope.
B2 noun /ˈkɒm.ɪt/

Comet

Meaning
a celestial object consisting of ice and dust that develops a tail when approaching the sun
Example
Halley's Comet appears in the sky every 76 years.
B2 noun /pəˈsjuːt/

pursuit

Meaning
the act of chasing or trying to achieve something
Example
He dedicated his life to the pursuit of happiness.
B2 noun /ɪˈlɛktrɪk drɪl/

Electric drill

Meaning
A power tool used for drilling holes in various materials
Example
He used an electric drill to make holes in the wall for hanging pictures.
B2 adverb ˌsɪməlˈteɪnɪəsli

simultaneously

Meaning
At the same time; occurring or existing at the same time.
Example
He worked on two projects simultaneously.
B2 noun /ˌvɛrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

verification

Meaning
The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.
Example
The bank requires verification of identity before opening an account.
B2 adjective /ˈprɑːspərəs/

Prosperous

Meaning
successful in material terms; flourishing financially
Example
The company became very prosperous after launching their new product.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊpi/

Soapy

Meaning
covered with soap; having the characteristics of soap; foamy
Example
The dishes were still soapy after washing.
B2 noun /ˈmæt.rəs/

Mattress

Meaning
a large rectangular pad for supporting the reclining body, used as or on a bed
Example
We bought a new mattress for our bedroom.
B2 noun /mɪθ/

myth

Meaning
A traditional story explaining natural or social phenomena, often involving supernatural beings; a widely held but false belief.
Example
The myth of the phoenix tells of a bird reborn from its ashes.
B2 verb /ˈkɒmpənseɪtɪd/

compensated

Meaning
to have been given something, typically money, as a recompense for loss, suffering, or work done
Example
The workers were compensated for their overtime hours.
B2 verb /ˈtrænsplænt/

transplant

Meaning
to move something, especially a plant or organ, from one place to another
Example
The doctors transplanted a kidney into the patient.
B2 verb /ˈmɑː.vəl/

marvel

Meaning
To be filled with wonder or astonishment.
Example
People marvel at their surroundings.
B2 noun ˈdʒes.tʃərz

gestures

Meaning
Body movements, especially of hands, face, or body when speaking.
Example
Effective gestures add emphasis to a speech.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmpoʊst/

compost

Meaning
decayed organic matter used as fertilizer
Example
The gardener added compost to enrich the soil.
B2 noun /ˈnuː.tri.ənt/

nutrient

Meaning
A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and health of plants or animals.
Example
Plants absorb nutrients from the soil for growth.
B2 noun /ˈprɛzɪdənsi/

presidency

Meaning
the office or position of being a president
Example
He was elected to the presidency in 2020.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪd/

Unqualified

Meaning
not having the necessary skills or qualifications; complete or absolute
Example
He was unqualified for the engineering position due to lack of experience.
B2 noun, verb /ˈædɪkt/ (noun), /əˈdɪkt/ (verb)

addict

Meaning
a person who is unable to stop using a harmful substance or doing something harmful; to cause someone to become dependent on something
Example
He is a video game addict who spends hours playing every day.
B2 noun /ˈruːlɪŋ/

ruling

Meaning
an official decision made by a judge or authority.
Example
The court’s ruling favored the defendant.
B2 noun /ˈbaɪoʊ ˌdeɪtə/

Bio-data

Meaning
biographical data; a resume or curriculum vitae containing personal and professional information
Example
Please submit your bio-data along with the job application.
B2 noun /ˈraɪət/

Riot

Meaning
a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd; an uncontrolled outburst
Example
The peaceful protest turned into a riot when violence broke out.
B2 verb /blʌʃ/

blush

Meaning
to become red in the face due to embarrassment or shyness
Example
She blushed when he complimented her.
B2 adjective /ˈtʌtʃ.ɪŋ/

Touching

Meaning
causing feelings of sympathy or emotion; moving
Example
The touching story brought tears to everyone's eyes.
B2 verb /ˈbɔɪkɑt/

boycott

Meaning
to refuse to buy, use, or participate in something as a protest
Example
They decided to boycott the company's products.
B2 verb /ˈflʌrɪʃ/

flourish

Meaning
To grow or develop in a healthy or successful way.
Example
Her business began to flourish after she introduced online sales.
B2 noun /ˈɒt.ər/

Otter

Meaning
a mammal with webbed feet that lives near water and feeds on fish
Example
The playful otter swam gracefully in the river.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræs.i/

Grassy

Meaning
covered with grass; resembling grass in color; green like grass
Example
The grassy field stretched as far as the eye could see.
B2 verb /boʊlt/

bolt

Meaning
To move suddenly and quickly; also to fasten something with a bolt.
Example
The horse bolted from the stable after hearing a loud noise.
B2 noun /ˌtɜːrməˈnɑːlədʒi/

terminology

Meaning
the set of technical or special words used in a particular subject
Example
Medical terminology can be difficult for new students to understand.
B2 verb /koʊp/

cope

Meaning
to deal effectively with something difficult
Example
She had to cope with a lot of pressure at work.
B2 noun /ˈvendə(r)/

Vendor

Meaning
a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the street
Example
The street vendor sold fresh fruits and vegetables.
B2 noun ˈæk.tɪv rɪˈkɔːl

Active recall

Meaning
A learning technique that involves actively trying to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing material.
Example
Active recall improves long-term memory and retention.
B2 noun /ɪnˈventər/

inventor

Meaning
a person who creates or designs something new, especially a device, method, or process
Example
The inventor patented her new medical device.
B2 noun, verb /kloʊk/

cloak

Meaning
a loose outer garment; to cover, hide, or disguise
Example
The spy cloaked his identity with a false name.
B2 noun ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər

infrastructure

Meaning
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Digital infrastructure is vital for future advancements.
B2 noun /ˈter.ər/

Terror

Meaning
extreme fear; the use of violence and intimidation for political aims
Example
The loud explosion filled everyone with terror.
B2 noun /plænˈteɪʃən/

plantation

Meaning
a large area of land where crops are grown, often for commercial purposes
Example
The sugarcane plantation stretched for miles across the valley.
B2 noun /ˌfæs.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Fascination

Meaning
the power to fascinate someone; the state of being intensely interested
Example
Her fascination with ancient history led her to become an archaeologist.
B2 adjective /ˈlɒŋ ˈstændɪŋ/

long-standing

Meaning
having existed or continued for a long period of time
Example
They have a long-standing relationship with their suppliers.
B2 noun /ˈtrɪl.jən/

trillion

Meaning
a number equal to 1,000 billion, or 10^12
Example
The company's worth has risen to over a trillion dollars.
B2 verb /ˈstɑːrtl/

startle

Meaning
To surprise or frighten someone suddenly.
Example
The loud noise startled the children.
B2 noun/verb /ˈsæd.əl/

saddle

Meaning
A seat fastened on the back of a horse for riding; to burden someone with a responsibility.
Example
He saddled the horse before going for a ride.
B2 noun ɪˈmjuː.nɪ.ti

immunity

Meaning
The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies.
Example
A strong immunity protects against infections.
B2 noun /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/

inhabitant

Meaning
a person or animal that lives in a particular place
Example
The inhabitants of the village rely on farming for their livelihood.
B2 adjective /ˈɛv.ə.ɡriːn/

evergreen

Meaning
Remaining green and functional throughout the year; not shedding leaves seasonally.
Example
Evergreen trees like pine and fir stay green year-round.
B2 noun /ˌprɒb.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Probability

Meaning
the likelihood that something will happen; a mathematical measure of how likely something is to occur
Example
There is a high probability of rain tomorrow.
B2 noun /dɪkˈteɪtə/

dictator

Meaning
a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force
Example
The dictator ruled the country with an iron fist.
B2 adjective /ˌsen.tɪˈmen.təl/

Sentimental

Meaning
having tender feelings; being emotional about memories or experiences
Example
She became sentimental when looking at old family photographs.
B2 adjective ˈɡraʊndˌbreɪ.kɪŋ

groundbreaking

Meaning
Introducing new ideas or methods; innovative or pioneering.
Example
Groundbreaking advancements redefine innovation.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒst.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

cost-efficient

Meaning
Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
Example
Cost-efficient solutions benefit industries.
B2 noun /pʌŋk/

punk

Meaning
a type of popular music, or the culture associated with it, characterized by loud, fast rhythms and rebellious attitudes
Example
He’s always been into punk music and fashion.
B2 noun /ˈmærəθən/

marathon

Meaning
a long-distance running race, typically 42.195 kilometers (26.2 miles)
Example
She completed the marathon in under four hours.
B2 adverb /ˈfeɪθ.fəl.i/

Faithfully

Meaning
in a loyal and steadfast manner; with dedication
Example
She faithfully attended every meeting despite her busy schedule.
B2 adjective /ˈded.li/

Deadly

Meaning
causing or able to cause death; extremely dangerous; lethal
Example
The deadly poison killed the plant instantly.
B2 adverb /hɛns/

hence

Meaning
for this reason; as a result
Example
She was the best candidate, hence she was chosen for the job.
B2 noun /kənˈvɪk.ʃən/

conviction

Meaning
A firmly held belief or opinion.
Example
She spoke with conviction, making everyone believe her.
B2 adjective /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənəl/

organizational

Meaning
relating to the structure or arrangement of a company or group
Example
He works on improving the organizational structure of the company.
B2 verb /rɪˈtriːt/

retreat

Meaning
to move back or withdraw from a position or situation
Example
The soldiers had to retreat after losing the battle.
B2 noun /ɑːks/

Ox

Meaning
a large strong animal used for pulling heavy loads or plowing fields
Example
The farmer used an ox to plow the field.
B2 adverb /ˈnɔɪzɪli/

Noisily

Meaning
in a way that makes a lot of noise; loudly
Example
The children were playing noisily in the playground.
B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

Meaning
verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute
Example
She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.
B2 noun /ˈleɪzər/

laser

Meaning
a device that emits a concentrated beam of light
Example
The doctor used a laser to perform eye surgery.
B2 noun /skɑːr/

Scar

Meaning
a mark left on the skin after a wound has healed; lasting emotional damage
Example
The accident left a permanent scar on his forehead.
B2 verb /dæʃ/

dash

Meaning
to move quickly and suddenly; to strike or break something violently
Example
She dashed across the street to catch the bus.
B2 noun /ˌprɒsɪˈkjuːʃən/

prosecution

Meaning
The act of bringing a criminal charge against someone and pursuing legal action in court.
Example
The prosecution presented strong evidence against the defendant.
B2 noun /ˈpleɪsmənt/

placement

Meaning
the act of putting something or someone in a particular position or job
Example
The company arranged job placement for the graduates.
B2 verb /səʊ/

sew

Meaning
to join pieces of fabric or material together using a needle and thread
Example
She learned to sew her own clothes at an early age.
B2 adjective /hɪˈroʊɪk/

heroic

Meaning
showing great bravery or courage; relating to a hero or heroes
Example
The firefighter made a heroic effort to save the child.
B2 noun /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/

distribution

Meaning
the act of sharing or delivering something to multiple people or places
Example
The company manages the distribution of food supplies to rural areas.
B2 noun /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

adjustment

Meaning
a small change made to improve something or make it work better
Example
The doctor made an adjustment to the patient’s medication.
B2 adjective /ˈpæsɪv/

passive

Meaning
not actively responding or participating; in grammar, denoting the voice in which the subject undergoes the action
Example
Instead of taking charge, he remained passive during the meeting.
B2 noun /əˈsɛnt/

ascent

Meaning
The act of rising or climbing to a higher position or level.
Example
The climbers began their ascent to the mountain peak at dawn.
B2 adjective /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/

islamic

Meaning
relating to Islam, its followers, or its teachings
Example
The city has many Islamic cultural centers.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊʃəbəl/

Sociable

Meaning
friendly and enjoys being with other people; outgoing
Example
She is very sociable and makes friends easily.
B2 noun /bɪˈliːvər/

believer

Meaning
a person who believes in something, especially a religious faith, idea, or principle
Example
She is a strong believer in hard work and honesty.
B2 noun /flɔː/

flaw

Meaning
a defect or imperfection in something
Example
The diamond had a small flaw that was barely visible.
B2 verb /ˈhezɪteɪt/

hesitate

Meaning
to pause before acting; to be uncertain about what to do
Example
Don't hesitate to ask for help.
B2 verb /rɪˈsaɪt/

recite

Meaning
To say aloud something learned, especially poetry or text, from memory.
Example
The child recited a poem in front of the class.
B2 adverb /ˈfræŋkli/

Frankly

Meaning
honestly; openly; in a direct manner
Example
Frankly, I think this plan needs more consideration.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɛnt/

resent

Meaning
to feel bitterness or displeasure about something or someone
Example
She began to resent the constant criticism from her boss.
B2 adjective /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛntəri/

complementary

Meaning
combining in such a way as to enhance or emphasize the qualities of each other
Example
The two partners have complementary skills.
B2 noun /ˌdɪsəˈpruːvəl/

disapproval

Meaning
The expression of an unfavorable opinion or judgment
Example
Her parents showed clear disapproval of her decision to drop out of college.
B2 noun /ˈwɒr.i.ər/

Warrior

Meaning
a person who fights in battles; a brave or experienced fighter
Example
The brave warrior defended his village from the invaders.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/

counseling

Meaning
professional guidance or therapy to help resolve personal or psychological problems
Example
She decided to go for counseling after feeling stressed for months.
B2 adjective /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/

alarming

Meaning
Worrying or disturbing; causing concern or fear.
Example
The unemployment rate among youth is alarming.
B2 noun /skwɒd/

squad

Meaning
a small group of people organized for a specific purpose or task, often in the military or sports
Example
The football squad trained hard before the championship match.
B2 noun ˈhæbɪtæt lɒs

Habitat Loss

Meaning
The destruction or disappearance of natural environments where organisms live.
Example
Habitat loss is one of the biggest threats to butterflies.
B2 verb dɪsˈrʌpt

disrupt

Meaning
To interrupt or disturb the normal progress or activity of something.
Example
Individual pursuits disrupt social harmony.
B2 adjective /ˈɒnɡəʊɪŋ/

ongoing

Meaning
continuing; still in progress
Example
The ongoing project will finish next month.
B2 adjective /mɑːrkt/

Marked

Meaning
clearly noticeable; distinct; obvious
Example
There was a marked improvement in her performance.