B2 noun /əˈsɛnt/

ascent

Meaning

The act of rising or climbing to a higher position or level.

Example

The climbers began their ascent to the mountain peak at dawn.

C1 adjective ˈeɪlɪəneɪtɪd

alienated

Meaning

Feeling isolated or estranged; disconnected from others or society.

Example

Alienated students are more prone to delinquency.

C1 noun /ˌɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

archbishop

Meaning

A senior bishop in charge of an archdiocese in the Christian Church.

Example

The archbishop delivered a sermon to thousands of people.

C1 noun /ədˈhɪərənt/

adherent

Meaning

a person who supports or follows a particular belief, cause, or leader

Example

He is a strong adherent of democratic values.

B2 adverb /əˈten.tɪv.li/

Attentively

Meaning

with careful attention; in a focused manner

Example

She listened attentively to her teacher's instructions.

B1 noun /ˈænəlɪst/

analyst

Meaning

a person who studies or examines something carefully to understand it or make decisions

Example

The financial analyst predicted a rise in the stock market.

C2 noun /əˈplɒm/

aplomb

Meaning

Complete and confident self-assurance or poise.

Example

She handled the difficult questions with aplomb.

C2 noun /ˈæntiruːm/

anteroom

Meaning

A small room leading to a main one, often used as a waiting area.

Example

The guests waited in the anteroom before being called inside.

C2 verb /əˈbeɪs/

abase

Meaning

to belittle or degrade someone

Example

He refused to abase himself before the king.

C2 noun /əˈbluːʃən/

ablution

Meaning

the act of washing oneself, often for religious purposes

Example

He performed his morning ablution before the prayer.

B2 adjective, noun /ədˈvaɪzəri/

advisory

Meaning

(adjective) having the power to give advice but not to make sure that it is followed; (noun) an official announcement containing information or a warning

Example

The committee serves in an advisory capacity to the board of directors.

C2 noun /ˈeɪʒən siː bæs/

Asian sea bass

Meaning

a large predatory fish found in coastal waters and estuaries of the Indo-Pacific region, prized for its white meat

Example

Asian sea bass is highly valued in aquaculture for its fast growth.

B2 adverb /ˈæk.jə.rət.li/

Accurately

Meaning

in an exact way, without any mistakes; precisely; correctly

Example

She accurately predicted the outcome of the election.

C1 verb /əˈdʒɔɪn/

adjoin

Meaning

To be next to and joined with something.

Example

Their house adjoins the park.

B2 adjective /esˈθet.ɪk/

Aesthetic

Meaning

Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.

Example

Good aesthetic design enhances product appeal.

C2 noun əˌklaɪ.mə.tɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

acclimatization

Meaning

The process of adapting to a new environment or condition.

Example

The hikers needed time for acclimatization to high altitudes.

C1 adjective /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/

Agitated

Meaning

disturbed; anxious; restless; excited in a negative way

Example

He became agitated when he heard the bad news.

B2 noun /ˈæftərˌlaɪf/

afterlife

Meaning

Life or existence that some believe continues after physical death.

Example

Many cultures have different beliefs about the afterlife.

B2 noun /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/

Acquisition

Meaning

An asset or object bought or obtained, typically by a library or museum.

Example

The company's acquisition strategy boosted growth.

C1 noun /əˈrɪəz/

arrears

Meaning

Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier.

Example

She was months in arrears with her electricity bill.

B2 noun /əˈsaɪləm/

asylum

Meaning

Protection or shelter, especially given to refugees or the mentally ill.

Example

The refugees sought asylum in the neighboring country.

A2 verb /əˈvɔɪd/

avoid

Meaning

To keep away from or stop oneself from doing something.

Example

He tries to avoid junk food.

C2 verb /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/

abrogate

Meaning

To formally repeal, cancel, or abolish a law, agreement, or custom.

Example

The government decided to abrogate the outdated treaty.

B2 noun ədˈvɜː.sɪ.ti

adversity

Meaning

Difficulties; misfortune; a difficult or unpleasant situation.

Example

He remained strong in the face of adversity.

C2 adjective, noun /ˈænθrəpɔɪd/

anthropoid

Meaning

Resembling a human being in form; a primate such as apes and monkeys.

Example

The gorilla is considered an anthropoid ape.

B2 adjective /ˌæn.tiˈsoʊ.ʃəl/

Antisocial

Meaning

avoiding social interaction; hostile to social order

Example

His antisocial behavior made it difficult for him to make friends.

C2 noun /ˌædʒʊˈreɪʃən/

adjuration

Meaning

a solemn urging or appeal

Example

The priest made an adjuration for peace and unity.

B2 verb /ˈænəlaɪz/

analyze

Meaning

to examine something in detail to understand it better or draw conclusions

Example

Scientists analyze data to discover new patterns.

C2 adjective /ˈæk.rɪd/

Acrid

Meaning

having a strong, unpleasant, and sharp smell or taste

Example

The acrid smoke from the fire made everyone cough.

C2 noun /ˌæpəˈzɪʃən/

apposition

Meaning

a grammatical construction in which two elements are placed side by side, with one explaining the other

Example

In the phrase 'my friend John,' the word 'John' is in apposition to 'my friend.'

A2 adjective /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/

annoying

Meaning

causing irritation or mild anger; bothersome or troublesome

Example

The constant noise from the street was extremely annoying.

C2 adjective /ˈɑːrtləs/

artless

Meaning

Without deception or pretentiousness; natural and simple.

Example

Her artless smile made everyone feel at ease.

C2 verb /ˈærəˌɡeɪt/

arrogate

Meaning

To claim or take something without justification.

Example

The dictator arrogated all powers to himself.

C2 noun /ˌætəlˈjeɪ/

atelier

Meaning

A workshop or studio, especially for an artist or designer.

Example

The painter invited us to his atelier to view his new collection.

C2 noun /əˈreɪ.bi.ən ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Arabian Jasmine

Meaning

A fragrant white flower native to South and Southeast Asia, commonly used in perfumes and religious ceremonies

Example

The Arabian jasmine filled the garden with its sweet fragrance.

C2 adjective /ˌævəˈrɪʃəs/

avaricious

Meaning

having or showing extreme greed for wealth or material gain

Example

The avaricious landlord increased the rent unfairly.

B2 adjective /əˈdɪktɪd/

addicted

Meaning

Being unable to stop engaging in a particular activity or consuming a particular substance.

Example

Many people are addicted to social media.

C1 adjective/adverb /əˈmɪs/

amiss

Meaning

Not quite right; inappropriate or out of place.

Example

Something seems amiss with the car's engine.

B2 noun (plural) /ˈɑːrtɪˌfæks/

artifacts

Meaning

objects made by humans, often of historical or cultural importance

Example

Archaeologists discovered valuable artifacts in the ruins.

B1 noun /ədˈmɪʃ.ən/

Admission

Meaning

the process of entering or being allowed to enter a school or organization; accepting that something is true

Example

She gained admission to Harvard University.

A2 noun /ænt/

Ant

Meaning

a small insect that lives in organized colonies and is known for hard work

Example

The ant carried a crumb that was twice its size.

B2 noun /eɪd/

aide

Meaning

An assistant or helper, especially to an important person.

Example

The senator’s aide organized the meeting with journalists.

B2 noun, verb /ˈædɪkt/ (noun), /əˈdɪkt/ (verb)

addict

Meaning

a person who is unable to stop using a harmful substance or doing something harmful; to cause someone to become dependent on something

Example

He is a video game addict who spends hours playing every day.

B2 noun /ˈæltɪtuːd/

altitude

Meaning

the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level

Example

The airplane is flying at an altitude of 30,000 feet.

B2 noun /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/

autobiography

Meaning

An account of a person's life written by that person.

Example

She published an autobiography about her journey to success.

C2 adjective /əˈθɜːrst/

athirst

Meaning

Very eager or desirous for something.

Example

The explorer was athirst for adventure.

C1 verb /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/

augment

Meaning

To increase or strengthen something.

Example

The company plans to augment its workforce.

B1 adjective /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/

Anxious

Meaning

feeling worried or nervous; eager with concern

Example

She felt anxious about her upcoming job interview.

C1 noun /əˈstuːt.nəs/

astuteness

Meaning

The ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.

Example

His astuteness helped in negotiations.

B2 noun /əˈmɛnəti/

amenity

Meaning

a useful or pleasant facility or feature of a place

Example

The apartment has every amenity needed for comfortable living.

C1 noun /ˈælɔɪ/

alloy

Meaning

A mixture of metals or a metal combined with another element.

Example

Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

B2 adjective /əˈkjuːt/

acute

Meaning

present or experienced to a severe or intense degree; having sharp perception

Example

The patient suffered from acute pain after the surgery.

B1 noun /ˈɔː.θər/

Author

Meaning

a person who writes books, articles, or other written work

Example

The author spent three years writing her bestselling novel.

B1 adjective /əkˈsɛptəbəl/

acceptable

Meaning

able to be agreed upon; satisfactory or suitable

Example

Your proposal is acceptable to the committee.

B2 noun /əˈdɪkʃən/

addiction

Meaning

A strong and harmful need to regularly have or do something, such as drugs, alcohol, or habits.

Example

His addiction to video games affected his studies.

B2 adverb /ˈæktɪvli/

actively

Meaning

in a way that involves energetic participation or effort

Example

He is actively involved in community service.

A1 interjection /ɑː/

ah

Meaning

used to express realization, surprise, or relief

Example

Ah, now I understand what you mean.

B2 adjective /əˈfektɪd/

Affected

Meaning

influenced; impacted; touched by something

Example

The flood-affected areas need immediate assistance.

C2 noun /əˈdɛndəm/

addendum

Meaning

an additional item or piece of information added at the end of a document or book

Example

The report included an addendum with updated statistics.

C2 adjective əˈdrɔɪt

adroit

Meaning

clever or skillful in using the hands or mind.

Example

She is adroit at solving complex problems.

C2 noun /ˈæl.baɪt/

albite

Meaning

A white or colorless mineral of the feldspar group, often found in igneous rocks.

Example

Geologists discovered albite crystals in the rock sample.

C2 noun /əˈrɔɪ.oʊ/

arroyo

Meaning

A dry creek or stream bed that temporarily fills with water after heavy rain.

Example

After the storm, the arroyo quickly filled with rushing water.

C1 adjective /əˈkɪn/

akin

Meaning

Of similar character or related by blood.

Example

His reaction was akin to shock.

B2 adjective /əˈvɔɪdəbl/

avoidable

Meaning

able to be prevented or avoided

Example

Most of the damage was avoidable with proper planning.

C2 noun /ˈɑːrkeɪndʒəl/

archangel

Meaning

A high-ranking angel, often considered a chief messenger or leader among angels.

Example

Michael is often depicted as the most powerful archangel.

C1 noun /əˈsɛsər/

assessor

Meaning

a person who evaluates or estimates the nature, ability, or quality of something

Example

An external assessor reviewed the project report.

B1 noun /əˈkaʊnt/

Account

Meaning

a record of money received and paid out; a report or description of an event

Example

She opened a savings account at the bank.

C2 verb /ˈæd.ʌm.breɪt/

adumbrate

Meaning

to foreshadow or suggest something in an unclear or indirect way

Example

The report adumbrates future economic challenges.

C1 noun /ɔːˈtɒkrəsi/

autocracy

Meaning

A system of government in which one person has absolute power.

Example

The country suffered under decades of autocracy.

A2 adjective ˈæktɪv

active

Meaning

Engaging or ready to engage in physically energetic pursuits; characterized by energetic work, participation, etc.

Example

Active participation in education is vital for progress.

B2 noun əˌkaʊntəˈbɪləti

accountability

Meaning

The fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility.

Example

Accountability is key to maintaining trust in any system.

B2 adjective/verb /əˈprɒksɪmət/

approximate

Meaning

close to the actual but not exact; to estimate or calculate roughly

Example

The cost is approximate and may change later.

C2 adjective /ɔːˈrɪkjʊlər/

auricular

Meaning

Relating to the ear or hearing.

Example

The doctor used an auricular thermometer to check the patient's temperature.

C2 noun /ˌædjʊˈleɪʃən/

adulation

Meaning

excessive admiration or flattery

Example

The singer enjoyed the adulation of her fans.

C2 verb /ˈæntɪdeɪtɪd/

antedated

Meaning

assigned to an earlier date than the actual one; happened earlier

Example

The letter was antedated to appear more official.

B2 adjective /əˈdʒeɪsənt/

Adjacent

Meaning

পার্শ্ববর্তী; সংলগ্ন; নিকটবর্তী;

Example

The hotel is adjacent to the shopping mall.

C1 verb /əˈtɛst/

attest

Meaning

To provide or serve as clear evidence of; to confirm or certify the truth of something.

Example

The witness attested to the accuracy of the report.

B2 noun /æʃ/

ash

Meaning

the powdery residue left after the burning of a substance

Example

After the fire, only ash remained of the house.

B2 verb /əˈpɔɪnt/

appoint

Meaning

to choose someone for a job or position

Example

The board will appoint a new director.

C2 noun /ˈætəvɪzəm/

atavism

Meaning

The recurrence of traits or characteristics from a remote ancestor.

Example

The scientist noted atavism in the child’s physical features.

C2 verb /əˈkɒst/

accost

Meaning

to approach and speak to someone boldly or aggressively

Example

The reporter was accosted by protesters outside the courthouse.

B2 noun /ˈeɪkər/

acre

Meaning

a unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (about 4,047 square meters)

Example

The farmer owns five acres of fertile land.

C1 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ/

alkali

Meaning

a soluble base substance, typically with a pH greater than 7, that neutralizes acids

Example

Soap contains alkali which helps remove grease.

C2 noun /ˈæf.ə.rɪ.zəm/

aphorism

Meaning

a short, witty saying that expresses a general truth or principle

Example

He began his speech with an aphorism about life and success.

C2 adjective /ˈæbdʒɛkt/

abject

Meaning

extremely bad, unpleasant, and degrading

Example

They lived in abject poverty.

C1 noun ˌæp.əˈreɪ.təs

apparatus

Meaning

The technical equipment or machinery needed for a particular activity or purpose.

Example

The apparatus was designed to be eco-friendly.

B2 adjective /əˈfekʃənət/

Affectionate

Meaning

loving; caring; tender; showing affection

Example

She is very affectionate towards her children.

A2 adjective ˈæv.ər.ɪdʒ

average

Meaning

A number expressing the central or typical value in a set of data; constituting the result obtained by adding together several amounts and then dividing this total by the number of amounts.

Example

The average score reflects overall performance.

C1 noun əˈtrɒs.ɪ.tiz

atrocities

Meaning

Extremely wicked or cruel acts, typically involving physical violence or injury.

Example

The atrocities shocked the international community.

C1 adjective /ˌæl.ɡəˈrɪð.mɪk/

algorithmic

Meaning

Based on or using algorithms; relating to mathematical rules or procedures.

Example

Algorithmic processes power artificial intelligence systems.

C1 adjective /ˌæl.truˈɪs.tɪk/

altruistic

Meaning

Showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Example

Her altruistic nature led her to volunteer for charities.

B2 noun /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/

Agony

Meaning

extreme physical or mental suffering; intense pain

Example

He was in agony after the accident.

C2 noun /ˈæl.kə.laɪ ækt/

Alkali Act

Meaning

A British law passed in 1863 to regulate the emission of hydrochloric acid gas from alkali works, representing one of the first pieces of environmental legislation.

Example

The Alkali Act of 1863 was one of the first environmental laws.

B2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪzən/

artisan

Meaning

a skilled craftsperson who makes things by hand

Example

The artisan crafted a beautiful wooden chair.

A1 verb /ˈænsər/

answer

Meaning

to respond to a question; to reply; to solve

Example

She will answer the phone when it rings.

B2 verb /əˈsend/

ascend

Meaning

to go up or climb to a higher position; to rise

Example

The climbers will ascend the mountain at dawn.

C1 noun æmˈbɪvələns

ambivalence

Meaning

Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something; uncertainty or confusion.

Example

She felt ambivalence about taking the job offer.

C1 noun /ˈæd.və.ser.i/

adversary

Meaning

One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.

Example

The boxer faced a strong adversary in the ring.

A2 adverb /əˈhɛd/

ahead

Meaning

in front; in advance; before someone or something in position or progress

Example

She walked ahead of the group.

C1 adjective /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/

autumnal

Meaning

relating to or characteristic of autumn; occurring in autumn

Example

The autumnal colors of red and gold filled the forest.

A2 verb /əˈnɔɪ/

annoy

Meaning

to irritate or bother someone and make them feel a little angry or uncomfortable

Example

His constant humming started to annoy everyone in the room.

C1 noun ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːɪti

ambiguity

Meaning

The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.

Example

The ambiguity of the statement caused confusion among the team.

C1 noun /əˈsem.bli ˈseʃ.ən/

assembly session

Meaning

A formal meeting where representatives gather to discuss and make decisions on important matters.

Example

The assembly session discussed global challenges.

C1 adjective, noun /əbˈzɔːrbənt/

absorbent

Meaning

able to soak up liquid, moisture, or energy easily; a material or substance that absorbs

Example

This towel is highly absorbent and dries quickly.

C2 verb /ˈæmərˌtaɪz/

amortize

Meaning

To gradually reduce or pay off a debt with regular payments.

Example

They plan to amortize the mortgage over 20 years.

C1 noun /ˈɑːrmfʊl/

armful

Meaning

As much as can be carried in one or both arms.

Example

She carried an armful of books into the library.

B2 verb /əbˈzɔːrb/

absorb

Meaning

to take in or soak up a liquid, energy, or information

Example

The sponge absorbed all the water.

B2 noun /əˈstrɒnəmər/

astronomer

Meaning

a scientist who studies the stars, planets, and the universe

Example

The astronomer observed the new comet through his telescope.

C1 noun /ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

alienation

Meaning

The state of being isolated or estranged from a group or activity.

Example

The new policies created a sense of alienation among employees.

C1 noun əˈniː.mi.ə

anemia

Meaning

A condition in which there is a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

Example

Genetic therapy addresses anemia effectively.

B2 adjective /əˈɡriːəbl/

Agreeable

Meaning

pleasant; enjoyable; delightful; willing to agree

Example

The weather is very agreeable today.

C2 noun /ˌɔːltərˈkeɪʃən/

altercation

Meaning

a noisy argument or quarrel

Example

There was a brief altercation between the two drivers.

B2 verb /ˈɔːdɪt/

audit

Meaning

to examine and verify financial records or accounts officially

Example

The accountant will audit the company's books next month.

A2 adverb /əˈbrɔːd/

Abroad

Meaning

in or to a foreign country

Example

She decided to study abroad for a year.

B1 noun əˈwɛrnɪs

Awareness

Meaning

Knowledge or understanding about important issues, particularly environmental conservation.

Example

Spreading awareness is essential to save butterflies.

C1 noun /əˈkɔːrdiən/

accordion

Meaning

a musical instrument played by squeezing and expanding with keys and buttons

Example

The musician played a cheerful tune on the accordion.

C2 noun /ˈɑːrbɪtər/

arbiter

Meaning

a person who has the authority to settle a dispute or decide an issue

Example

The principal acted as the arbiter in the conflict between the students.

B2 noun /ɔː/

awe

Meaning

a feeling of deep respect mixed with fear or wonder

Example

The children looked at the fireworks in awe.

C1 noun /əˌsaɪˈniː/

assignee

Meaning

a person to whom a right or property is legally transferred

Example

The assignee of the contract is responsible for all future obligations.

C1 adjective /æmˈbɪvələnt/

ambivalent

Meaning

Having mixed or contradictory feelings about something or someone.

Example

She was ambivalent about accepting the new job offer.

B2 verb, noun, adjective /ˈɔːltərnət/ (adj, noun), /ˈɔːltərˌneɪt/ (verb)

alternate

Meaning

to occur in turn repeatedly; to take turns; also, a substitute or replacement

Example

The students alternate between online and offline classes.