amuck
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C2 adverb /əˈmʌk/

amuck

Meaning
in a frenzied, uncontrolled, or chaotic manner
Example
The bull ran amuck through the village.
C2 noun /ˈeɪʒən swɒmp iːl/

Asian swamp eel

Meaning
a snake-like freshwater fish that can survive in muddy waters and is considered a delicacy in South Asian cuisine
Example
Asian swamp eel can breathe air and survive in shallow muddy waters.
C1 noun /əˌsaɪˈniː/

assignee

Meaning
a person to whom a right or property is legally transferred
Example
The assignee of the contract is responsible for all future obligations.
B2 noun /ɑːrˈkeɪd/

arcade

Meaning
a covered passage with arches along one or both sides; also a place with coin-operated games
Example
The children spent the afternoon playing games at the arcade.
C1 noun /ˈælɪbaɪ/

alibi

Meaning
A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a crime, was committed.
Example
She had a strong alibi that proved she was at the cinema during the theft.
C2 noun /ˈækəlaɪt/

acolyte

Meaning
a follower or assistant, especially in a religious service or as a devoted supporter of a leader
Example
The senator arrived with a small group of acolytes who handled the press.
A2 noun /əˈsɪstənt/

assistant

Meaning
a person who helps or supports another, often in a job
Example
She works as an assistant in a law firm.
B1 noun ɔːˈθɒrəti

authority

Meaning
The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience; a person or organization having power or control.
Example
Regional authority was emphasized.
C2 noun /ˌɛərəˈstætɪks/

aerostatics

Meaning
The branch of physics that deals with the equilibrium of air and gases and the forces acting on bodies in them.
Example
Aerostatics is essential for understanding how balloons float.
C2 noun /ˈɔːriˌoʊl/

aureole

Meaning
A halo or radiance surrounding the head or body, often in religious art.
Example
The painting showed the saint with an aureole around his head.
C1 verb /əˈkleɪm/

acclaim

Meaning
to praise enthusiastically and publicly
Example
The audience acclaimed the actor for his outstanding performance.
B2 noun /ˈædvəkəsi/

advocacy

Meaning
public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy
Example
Her advocacy for children's rights earned her international recognition.
C1 noun əˈrɪd.ɪ.ti

aridity

Meaning
The state of being extremely dry, especially having insufficient rainfall to support vegetation.
Example
The aridity of the land is increasing due to climate change.
C1 adjective /əˈtrəʊ.ʃəs/

Atrocious

Meaning
horrifyingly wicked; extremely bad or unpleasant
Example
The conditions in the prison were atrocious.
C1 adverb /əˈkjuːtli/

acutely

Meaning
in a sharp, intense, or severe way; with keen awareness
Example
She was acutely aware of the risks involved.
C2 verb /ˌækwiˈɛs/

acquiesce

Meaning
to accept something reluctantly but without protest
Example
She decided to acquiesce to her parents’ wishes.
C2 verb /ˈædjʊˌleɪt/

adulate

Meaning
to praise or flatter excessively
Example
The fans adulated the actor after his performance.
B2 noun əˈbʌndəns

abundance

Meaning
A very large quantity of something; plenty
Example
The abundance of vegetables in winter is remarkable.
B2 adjective əˈkwætɪk

aquatic

Meaning
Growing or living in or near water; of or relating to water.
Example
Aquatic species are being endangered by pollution.
C2 noun /ɔːl/

awl

Meaning
a small pointed tool used for making holes, especially in leather
Example
The cobbler used an awl to punch holes in the leather.
A2 adjective ˈæv.ər.ɪdʒ

average

Meaning
A number expressing the central or typical value in a set of data; constituting the result obtained by adding together several amounts and then dividing this total by the number of amounts.
Example
The average score reflects overall performance.
B1 adjective /əˈdɪʃənəl/

additional

Meaning
added, extra, or supplementary to what already exists
Example
The teacher gave the students additional homework.
B2 noun ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənts

antioxidants

Meaning
A substance that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage.
Example
Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants.
C1 adjective, noun /əbˈzɔːrbənt/

absorbent

Meaning
able to soak up liquid, moisture, or energy easily; a material or substance that absorbs
Example
This towel is highly absorbent and dries quickly.
A2 noun/verb /əˈmaʊnt/

amount

Meaning
a quantity of something, typically the total of a thing or things in number, size, value, or extent
Example
The total amount of money is not enough.
C1 noun /əˈkʌmpənɪmənt/

accompaniment

Meaning
Something that goes together with or complements another thing, often music or food.
Example
The dish was served with a spicy sauce as an accompaniment.
A1 noun /ɑːrt/

art

Meaning
the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination
Example
She studied art at the university.
C2 adjective /ˈækwɪˌlaɪn/

aquiline

Meaning
curved like an eagle's beak; hooked
Example
He had an aquiline nose that gave him a distinguished appearance.
C1 noun /ˈæmnəsti/

amnesty

Meaning
An official pardon granted to people who have been convicted of political offenses.
Example
The government announced an amnesty for all political prisoners.
B2 noun /əˈpɒstrəfi/

apostrophe

Meaning
A punctuation mark (') used to indicate possession or the omission of letters or numbers.
Example
You need an apostrophe in the word 'children’s'.
A1 adverb /æz/

As

Meaning
in the way that; while; because; during the time that
Example
As you grow older, you become wiser.
C2 adjective /əˈvʌŋkjələr/

avuncular

Meaning
kind and friendly, like an uncle
Example
He had an avuncular manner that made everyone feel comfortable.
C2 noun /ˈɔːldərmən/

alderman

Meaning
An elected member of a municipal council in certain cities and towns.
Example
The alderman proposed a new plan for community parks.
C2 adverb /əˈbæk/

Aback

Meaning
by surprise; unexpectedly
Example
I was taken aback by his sudden announcement.
C1 noun /əˈbɪs/

abyss

Meaning
a deep, immeasurable space, chasm, or void; something seemingly without end
Example
The climbers looked down into the dark abyss below.
A2 adjective /əˈsliːp/

asleep

Meaning
in a state of sleep
Example
The baby is fast asleep.
A2 noun /ˈɑːr.tɪst/

Artist

Meaning
a person who creates art, especially paintings or drawings; a person skilled in a particular art form
Example
The artist displayed her sculptures at the gallery opening.
A1 conjunction /ænd/

and

Meaning
Used to connect words or sentences that are to be taken jointly.
Example
She bought apples and oranges.
C2 noun /əˈdɛpt.nəs/

adeptness

Meaning
Skill and dexterity in a task.
Example
His adeptness in negotiations helped close the deal successfully.
C2 adjective /ˌæk.si.əˈmæt.ɪk/

axiomatic

Meaning
Self-evident, obviously true without need for proof
Example
It is axiomatic that hard work leads to success.
C2 noun /ˌæs.əˈfet.ɪ.də/

Asafoetida

Meaning
a pungent spice derived from the resin of a plant, commonly used in Indian cooking
Example
A pinch of asafoetida adds a distinctive flavor to the lentil curry.
C1 adverb /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bli/

Amiably

Meaning
in a friendly and pleasant manner
Example
They discussed the issue amiably without any arguments.
C2 verb /əˈbrɪdʒ/

abridge

Meaning
to shorten a text without losing its meaning
Example
The editor decided to abridge the long novel for young readers.
C1 adjective /əˈɡrɛəriən/

agrarian

Meaning
Related to farming, agriculture, or rural land.
Example
The country’s economy is still largely agrarian.
C1 noun /ˌæf.ɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/

affirmation

Meaning
The action or process of affirming something or being affirmed; emotional support or encouragement.
Example
Daily affirmation of self-worth boosts confidence.
B2 verb /əˈkʌstəm/

accustom

Meaning
to make someone familiar with something through regular experience or use
Example
It took him a while to accustom himself to the new environment.
C2 verb /əˈɡræn.daɪz/

aggrandize

Meaning
To increase the power, wealth, or importance of a person or entity.
Example
The politician tried to aggrandize himself through exaggerated claims.
C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

Meaning
to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change
Example
The protesters agitated for better working conditions.
C2 adjective /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/

anodyne

Meaning
Not likely to cause offense; bland or harmless. Also refers to something that relieves pain.
Example
The speaker’s anodyne remarks avoided controversy.
C2 verb /əˈsɛvəˌreɪt/

asseverate

Meaning
to affirm or declare positively and earnestly
Example
He asseverated that he had never seen the man before.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.viˌɛr.i/

aviary

Meaning
a large enclosure for keeping birds
Example
The zoo built a new aviary for exotic parrots.
C1 noun /əˈpɒlədʒɪst/

apologist

Meaning
a person who defends or justifies something, often a controversial belief or institution
Example
He is known as an apologist for authoritarian regimes.
C1 adjective /əˈnɒmələs/

anomalous

Meaning
deviating from what is standard, normal, or expected
Example
Scientists observed an anomalous result during the experiment.
A2 verb /əˈplaɪ/

apply

Meaning
to make a formal request for something; to put into practice
Example
He decided to apply for the scholarship.
B2 noun /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/

accomplishment

Meaning
something that has been achieved successfully
Example
Graduating from university was a major accomplishment for him.
B1 adjective /ˈæn.ju.əl/

annual

Meaning
happening once every year
Example
The company holds an annual meeting for all its shareholders.
B2 noun /æʃ/

ash

Meaning
the powdery residue left after the burning of a substance
Example
After the fire, only ash remained of the house.
C2 noun /əˈsɜːrbəti/

acerbity

Meaning
bitterness or sharpness of tone, manner, or taste
Example
The acerbity of his remarks left everyone silent.
C2 noun /æmˈbroʊʒə/

ambrosia

Meaning
The food of the gods in classical mythology; something extremely pleasing to taste or smell.
Example
The dessert was so delicious that it tasted like ambrosia.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪˌtʃeɪmbər/

antechamber

Meaning
a small room serving as an entry to a larger one
Example
The guests waited in the antechamber before being admitted to the hall.
B2 noun /əˈlaɪnmənt/

alignment

Meaning
arrangement in a straight line or in proper position
Example
The alignment of the planets was perfect for the celestial event.
C2 noun /əbˈhɒrəns/

abhorrence

Meaning
a feeling of strong disgust or hatred
Example
He expressed his abhorrence of racial discrimination.
B1 adjective /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/

Anxious

Meaning
feeling worried or nervous; eager with concern
Example
She felt anxious about her upcoming job interview.
C1 adjective ˈɑː.dʒu.əs

arduous

Meaning
Involving or requiring strenuous effort; difficult and tiring.
Example
The trek through the mountains was an arduous journey.
C2 noun /əˈrɪə/

arrear

Meaning
A debt or payment that is overdue and unpaid.
Example
He was sued for an arrear of rent.
C2 noun /ˈænɪ siːd/

Ani seed

Meaning
Small aromatic seeds used as a spice and for medicinal purposes, with a sweet licorice-like flavor
Example
Anise seeds are often used in traditional desserts and teas.
C2 noun/adjective /ælˈbaɪ.noʊ/

albino

Meaning
A person, animal, or plant lacking normal pigmentation, resulting in pale skin, hair, and eyes.
Example
The albino rabbit had white fur and pink eyes.
C1 verb /ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt/

authenticate

Meaning
To prove or show that something is genuine or true.
Example
The bank uses advanced technology to authenticate online transactions.
B1 noun əˈses.mənt

assessment

Meaning
The evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something.
Example
The assessment process ensures fairness.
C1 adjective /əˈluːf/

aloof

Meaning
Not friendly or forthcoming; cool and distant.
Example
He remained aloof during the entire discussion.
C2 noun /ˌæv.oʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/

avocation

Meaning
a hobby or minor occupation pursued in addition to one's main work
Example
Painting is his avocation after office hours.
C1 noun/verb /ˈætrəfi/

atrophy

Meaning
a decrease in size or wasting away of a body part, tissue, or ability due to lack of use
Example
Without regular exercise, muscles may atrophy over time.
B2 adjective /əˈbjuːsɪv/

abusive

Meaning
extremely offensive or insulting; involving physical or verbal harm
Example
She left her job because of her abusive boss.
C2 verb /əˈsweɪdʒ/

assuage

Meaning
To make an unpleasant feeling less intense; to ease or relieve.
Example
The kind words helped assuage her anxiety.
C2 adjective /ˈɑːrtləs/

artless

Meaning
Without deception or pretentiousness; natural and simple.
Example
Her artless smile made everyone feel at ease.
B2 noun /ˈɑːr.mər/

Armour

Meaning
protective covering worn by soldiers; metal plating for military vehicles
Example
The knight wore heavy armour to protect himself in battle.
C2 verb /əˈɡrɛs/

aggress

Meaning
to initiate an attack or show hostile behavior
Example
The army chose not to aggress without provocation.
C2 verb /ˈæd.ʌm.breɪt/

adumbrate

Meaning
to foreshadow or suggest something in an unclear or indirect way
Example
The report adumbrates future economic challenges.
C2 adjective /ɔːˈrɪfərəs/

auriferous

Meaning
Containing or producing gold.
Example
The miners discovered an auriferous vein in the mountains.
C2 noun /ˌæɡ.rəˈdeɪ.ʃən/

aggradation

Meaning
The process of land being built up by sediment deposition.
Example
Aggradation helps in the natural expansion of riverbanks.
A2 preposition /əˈɡɛnst/ or /əˈɡeɪnst/

against

Meaning
In opposition to; contrary to; touching or resting on.
Example
They voted against the proposal.
C2 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːziə/

analgesia

Meaning
The inability to feel pain while still conscious.
Example
The doctor induced analgesia before performing the procedure.
C2 adjective /əˈsɜːrbɪk/

acerbic

Meaning
sharp, harsh, or bitter in tone or taste
Example
His acerbic comments offended many people in the meeting.
C1 noun /əˈdʒɪl.ɪ.ti/

agility

Meaning
Ability to work quickly and easily, both physically and mentally.
Example
Mental agility is essential for problem-solving.
C1 adjective /əˈvɜːrs/

averse

Meaning
having a strong dislike of or opposition to something
Example
He was averse to taking unnecessary risks.
C1 adjective /əˈbɪzməl/

abysmal

Meaning
extremely bad or appalling
Example
The team's performance was abysmal.
C2 verb /ˌæd ˈlɪb/

ad-lib

Meaning
to speak or perform without preparation; to improvise
Example
The comedian ad-libbed a joke when the microphone failed.
C2 adjective /ˌæn.θrə.pəˈdʒen.ɪk/

anthropogenic

Meaning
Originating in human activity; caused by humans.
Example
Climate change is largely due to anthropogenic activities.
B1 verb /əˈdʒʌst/

adjust

Meaning
to change something slightly to make it more suitable or effective
Example
She adjusted the mirror to see the road clearly.
B2 noun /ˌæk.jʊˈzeɪ.ʃən/

accusation

Meaning
A statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal.
Example
She made an accusation of theft against her colleague.
C1 noun /ˌædməˈnɪʃən/

admonition

Meaning
a firm warning or reprimand; gentle or earnest advice
Example
He received an admonition for his careless work.
B1 adverb /əˈsaɪd/

Aside

Meaning
to one side; apart; away from the main part
Example
Please set your book aside and listen to me.
C1 verb /ˈæk.lɪ.meɪt/

acclimate

Meaning
To adapt or become accustomed to a new environment or situation
Example
It takes time to acclimate to a new climate.
B2 noun /ˈæd.və.kət/

Advocate

Meaning
a lawyer who represents clients in court; a person who supports or argues for a cause or policy
Example
The advocate presented strong evidence to defend his client in court.
C2 verb /əˈbeɪs/

abase

Meaning
to belittle or degrade someone
Example
He refused to abase himself before the king.
A2 adjective /əˈnɔɪɪŋ/

annoying

Meaning
causing irritation or mild anger; bothersome or troublesome
Example
The constant noise from the street was extremely annoying.
B1 noun /əˈtʃiːvmənt/

achievement

Meaning
Something that has been successfully completed or accomplished through effort or skill.
Example
Graduating from university was her greatest achievement.
A2 noun /ədˈvɜːrtɪsmənt/

advertisement

Meaning
a public notice or announcement promoting a product, service, or event
Example
The advertisement attracted many new customers.
A2 verb /əˈfɔːrd/

afford

Meaning
to have enough money to buy; to be able to spare
Example
I can't afford a new car right now.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /ˈɔːltərnət/ (adj, noun), /ˈɔːltərˌneɪt/ (verb)

alternate

Meaning
to occur in turn repeatedly; to take turns; also, a substitute or replacement
Example
The students alternate between online and offline classes.
A2 verb /əˈtæk/

attack

Meaning
to use violence against someone; to criticize strongly
Example
The enemy forces attacked at dawn.
B2 noun /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/

anthropology

Meaning
the scientific study of humans, their societies, cultures, and development
Example
She decided to major in anthropology at university.
B1 verb /əˈmjuːz/

amuse

Meaning
to entertain or make someone laugh or smile; to occupy pleasantly
Example
The clown amused the children at the party.
B2 noun /əˈriːnə/

arena

Meaning
a large area surrounded by seats for sports, entertainment, or other events
Example
The basketball game will be held in the new arena downtown.
B1 noun /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/

association

Meaning
an organized group of people who have joined together for a common purpose
Example
She is a member of the local teachers' association.
B1 noun /ˈælkəhɒl/

alcohol

Meaning
A colorless volatile liquid that is the intoxicating constituent of wine, beer, spirits, and other drinks.
Example
Too much alcohol can damage your liver.
B1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tər/

Alligator

Meaning
a large reptile similar to a crocodile but with a shorter, wider head
Example
The alligator basked in the sun on the riverbank.
A1 noun /ˈɛər.pɔːrt/

airport

Meaning
A place where airplanes take off and land, with buildings for passengers and cargo.
Example
We arrived at the airport two hours before the flight.
A2 noun /ˈɔːtoʊ/

auto

Meaning
A motor vehicle, especially a car.
Example
He drove his auto to the market.
C1 noun /əˈrɪs.tə.kræt/

Aristocrat

Meaning
a member of the aristocracy; a person of noble rank or birth
Example
The aristocrat lived in a magnificent castle.
C2 noun /əˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃən/

agglomeration

Meaning
A mass or collection of things, sometimes clustered together.
Example
The city is an agglomeration of diverse cultures and communities.
B2 adverb /əˈkɔːr.dɪŋ.li/

Accordingly

Meaning
in a way that is appropriate to the particular circumstances; therefore; consequently
Example
The weather was bad, so the event was cancelled accordingly.
B2 noun /əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt/

acknowledgment

Meaning
the act of accepting, admitting, or recognizing something
Example
He received an acknowledgment of his application.
C2 noun /ˈɔːldərmənʃɪp/

aldermanship

Meaning
The office, position, or dignity of an alderman.
Example
He was honored with aldermanship after years of service.
B2 noun /ˈædvərtaɪzər/

advertiser

Meaning
a person or company that advertises a product, service, or event
Example
The advertiser paid millions for a Super Bowl commercial spot.
C2 noun /ˈæntiruːm/

anteroom

Meaning
A small room leading to a main one, often used as a waiting area.
Example
The guests waited in the anteroom before being called inside.
B1 noun /əˈpruː.vəl/

approval

Meaning
official permission or agreement for something
Example
The project received government approval.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.nəs/

Anus

Meaning
the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which waste leaves the body
Example
The doctor examined the patient's anus during the medical checkup.
B2 adjective, noun, verb /ˈæb.strækt/

abstract

Meaning
existing in thought or as an idea but not having physical or concrete existence; a summary of a text
Example
The artist is known for her abstract paintings.
C2 verb /əˈmælɡəmeɪt/

amalgamate

Meaning
to combine or unite to form one organization or structure; to merge
Example
The two companies decided to amalgamate their operations.
B2 noun /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/

astonishment

Meaning
Great surprise or amazement.
Example
She looked at the magician with astonishment.