amphitheater
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C1 noun /ˈæmfɪˌθiətər/

amphitheater

Meaning
A large open circular or oval building with rising tiers of seats, used for public events.
Example
The concert was held in an ancient amphitheater.
C2 verb /əˈnɔɪnt/

anoint

Meaning
To smear or rub with oil, often as part of a religious ceremony or as a sign of consecration.
Example
The priest anointed the king with holy oil.
B2 adjective /əˈlaɪd/

Allied

Meaning
joined by agreement or treaty; associated; connected
Example
The allied forces worked together during the war.
B2 noun /əˈpɒstrəfi/

apostrophe

Meaning
A punctuation mark (') used to indicate possession or the omission of letters or numbers.
Example
You need an apostrophe in the word 'children’s'.
C2 adjective /ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːrfəs/

anthropomorphous

Meaning
having the form or attributes of a human
Example
The statue had an anthropomorphous shape resembling a human.
B2 preposition /əˈmɪd/

amid

Meaning
in the middle of or surrounded by something
Example
The team stayed calm amid the chaos.
C1 adjective /ˈɑːr.dənt/

Ardent

Meaning
very enthusiastic; passionate; fervent
Example
She is an ardent supporter of environmental conservation.
C1 noun əˈɡrɛriən səˈsaɪətiz

agrarian societies

Meaning
Societies based on agriculture and farming as the primary economic activity.
Example
Agrarian societies emerged from a need for stable food sources.
C2 noun /ˌɛərəˈstætɪks/

aerostatics

Meaning
The branch of physics that deals with the equilibrium of air and gases and the forces acting on bodies in them.
Example
Aerostatics is essential for understanding how balloons float.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛniˌbɒdi/

anybody

Meaning
any person; anyone
Example
Anybody can join the club.
C2 noun /ˈæp.ɪˌkʌl.tʃər/

apiculture

Meaning
The practice of keeping and raising bees for honey and other products.
Example
Apiculture plays a vital role in agriculture by supporting pollination.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒ.aɪl/

agile

Meaning
able to move quickly and easily; quick and adaptable in thinking or action
Example
The startup team was agile in responding to market changes.
B2 adjective /əkˈsɛsəbl/

accessible

Meaning
easy to reach, use, or understand
Example
The museum is easily accessible by public transport.
B2 noun /ədˈvɛntʃərər/

adventurer

Meaning
a person who seeks exciting, risky, or unusual experiences; someone who explores new or unknown places
Example
The adventurer traveled deep into the jungle in search of ancient ruins.
A2 verb (past tense / past participle) /əˈtræktɪd/

attracted

Meaning
felt interest or liking toward someone or something; was drawn by appeal or force
Example
She was attracted to the idea of studying abroad.
B2 noun /ˌæbəˈlɪʃən/

abolition

Meaning
the act of formally ending or eliminating a system, practice, or institution
Example
The abolition of slavery was a major milestone in human rights history.
B2 verb /əˈraɪz/

arise

Meaning
to begin to exist or to happen
Example
Problems may arise if you don't plan ahead.
B2 noun /əˈsʌmpʃən/

Assumption

Meaning
a thing that is accepted as true without proof; a supposition
Example
His assumption about the weather proved to be wrong.
B1 verb əˈdrɛst

addressed

Meaning
To think about and begin to deal with an issue or problem.
Example
Addressing key problems is vital for long-term change.
C1 noun ˌɔːɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən

augmentation

Meaning
Increasing quantity, power or performance.
Example
The company invested in the augmentation of its workforce.
C1 noun /əˌsaɪˈniː/

assignee

Meaning
a person to whom a right or property is legally transferred
Example
The assignee of the contract is responsible for all future obligations.
C2 adjective /ˈæməˌtɔːri/

amatory

Meaning
Relating to or expressing sexual love.
Example
The poet’s verses were filled with amatory themes.
A1 preposition, adverb /əˈbaʊt/

about

Meaning
concerning; on the subject of; approximately
Example
We talked about the new project yesterday.
B1 adjective /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

artistic

Meaning
having or revealing natural creative skill
Example
She has an artistic sense of design.
B2 noun ˈæk.tɪv rɪˈkɔːl

Active recall

Meaning
A learning technique that involves actively trying to retrieve information from memory rather than passively reviewing material.
Example
Active recall improves long-term memory and retention.
B1 verb /əˈsɪst/

assist

Meaning
to help or support someone in doing something
Example
The nurse will assist the doctor during the surgery.
C2 adjective /əˈɡeɪp/ or /əˈɡɑːp/

agape

Meaning
With the mouth wide open in surprise or wonder.
Example
She stood agape at the breathtaking view.
A1 conjunction /ænd/

and

Meaning
Used to connect words or sentences that are to be taken jointly.
Example
She bought apples and oranges.
A2 adjective /əˈveɪləbl/

available

Meaning
Able to be used, obtained, or accessed.
Example
The product is now available in all stores.
C2 noun /əˈnæb.ə.lɪ.zəm/

anabolism

Meaning
The set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, involving tissue repair and growth.
Example
Anabolism is essential for muscle growth and tissue repair.
C1 verb /əˈbɔːrt/

abort

Meaning
to stop a process or action before it is completed; to end a pregnancy deliberately
Example
The pilot decided to abort the mission due to bad weather.
C2 noun /ɔːl/

awl

Meaning
a small pointed tool used for making holes, especially in leather
Example
The cobbler used an awl to punch holes in the leather.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrkeɪˌɪzəm/

archaism

Meaning
a word, expression, or style of language that is no longer in everyday use
Example
The poem is full of archaisms that give it an old-fashioned flavor.
C1 noun /əˈkuːstɪks/

acoustics

Meaning
the science of sound, or the properties of a space that affect how sound is heard
Example
The hall’s excellent acoustics made the orchestra sound rich and clear.
C2 noun /əˈluː.vi.əm/

alluvium

Meaning
Fertile soil deposited by flowing water, especially in riverbanks.
Example
The alluvium in riverbanks is highly fertile for agriculture.
C2 adjective /eɪˈrɪðmɪk/

arrhythmic

Meaning
Lacking a regular rhythm or beat.
Example
The patient had an arrhythmic heartbeat.
C1 noun /ˈæbsɛs/

abscess

Meaning
A swollen area within body tissue containing pus, usually caused by infection.
Example
The dentist treated the abscess in his tooth.
B1 verb /əˈdʒʌst/

adjust

Meaning
to change something slightly to make it more suitable or effective
Example
She adjusted the mirror to see the road clearly.
C2 verb /əˈsɪdɪfaɪ/

acidify

Meaning
to make something acidic or more acidic
Example
Farmers worry that pollution will acidify the soil.
C2 adjective /ˌæl.ɪˈmen.tər.i/

alimentary

Meaning
relating to nourishment or the organs of digestion
Example
The doctor explained the role of the alimentary canal in digestion.
C2 noun /ˈeɪʒən siː bæs/

Asian sea bass

Meaning
a large predatory fish found in coastal waters and estuaries of the Indo-Pacific region, prized for its white meat
Example
Asian sea bass is highly valued in aquaculture for its fast growth.
B2 adjective + noun অ্যাডভার্স ইমপ্যাক্ট

adverse impact

Meaning
A negative or harmful effect or influence on something.
Example
Long screen time has an adverse impact on hand muscles.
B2 noun /ˌædməˈreɪʃən/

admiration

Meaning
a feeling of respect, pleasure, or approval for someone or something
Example
She felt great admiration for her teacher’s dedication.
C2 verb /əˈɡriːv/

aggrieve

Meaning
to cause distress or make someone feel resentful
Example
She felt aggrieved by the unfair decision.
B1 noun /ˈæksɛnt/

accent

Meaning
a distinctive way of pronouncing a language, especially one associated with a particular country or region
Example
She spoke English with a strong French accent.
B2 verb /əˈsend/

ascend

Meaning
to go up or climb to a higher position; to rise
Example
The climbers will ascend the mountain at dawn.
B2 noun /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

autonomous vehicles

Meaning
Vehicles that can operate and move without human intervention or control.
Example
Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing the future of transport.
B2 verb /ˈælaɪ/

ally

Meaning
To unite or form a connection or partnership with another person, group, or nation.
Example
The two countries decided to ally against their common enemy.
C2 noun /ˈɔːtɑːrki/

autarchy

Meaning
A system of self-sufficiency where a state or community is economically independent.
Example
The nation attempted autarchy to reduce reliance on imports.
C2 verb /əˈkuːtə/

accoutre

Meaning
to dress or equip, especially in something impressive or elaborate
Example
The knight was accoutred in shining armor.
C1 verb /əˈpɛnd/

append

Meaning
to add something as an attachment or supplement, usually at the end of a document or list
Example
She decided to append a note to the end of the report.
B2 adjective, noun, verb /ˈæb.strækt/

abstract

Meaning
existing in thought or as an idea but not having physical or concrete existence; a summary of a text
Example
The artist is known for her abstract paintings.
C2 adjective, adverb /əˈfʊt/

afoot

Meaning
In progress; happening or being prepared.
Example
There are several new projects afoot in the company.
C1 noun /ɔːˈtɒmətən/

automaton

Meaning
A machine that works automatically; also refers to a person who behaves like a machine, without thinking.
Example
He worked like an automaton, without showing any emotion.
B1 noun/adjective /ˌæfrɪkən əˈmɛrɪkən/

african-american

Meaning
A person of African descent living in or originating from the United States; relating to such people.
Example
She is proud of her African-American heritage.
B2 verb /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/

accomplish

Meaning
to achieve or complete successfully
Example
She managed to accomplish all her goals for the year.
C2 adjective /ˈæʒər/

azure

Meaning
A bright blue color like that of a clear sky.
Example
The clear sky was painted in a deep shade of azure.
C1 adjective /ˈæŋ.ɡjə.lər/

Angular

Meaning
having sharp corners or edges; relating to angles
Example
The building has an angular design with sharp corners.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.sən.əl/

arsenal

Meaning
A collection or storage place for weapons and military equipment.
Example
The army kept its weapons in a secure arsenal.
B1 noun /ɑːrmz/

Arms

Meaning
weapons and ammunition; firearms
Example
The soldiers carried their arms into battle.
C2 noun /ˈiːsθiːt/ or /ˈɛsθiːt/

aesthete

Meaning
A person who has a special appreciation of art and beauty.
Example
The aesthete admired the subtle details of the painting.
C2 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.mənt/

aliment

Meaning
food or nourishment that sustains life
Example
Fruits and vegetables are important aliments for a healthy body.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrməri/

armory

Meaning
A place where weapons are stored; a supply of resources or skills.
Example
The soldiers kept their weapons in the armory.
B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

allocation

Meaning
The action or process of distributing resources or duties for a particular purpose.
Example
Budget allocation for education must be increased.
C2 adjective /ˈæstrəl/

astral

Meaning
Relating to the stars or to spiritual, non-physical realms.
Example
Some believe in astral projection, the ability to leave the body and travel spiritually.
C2 noun /əˈplɒm/

aplomb

Meaning
Complete and confident self-assurance or poise.
Example
She handled the difficult questions with aplomb.
B1 noun əˈreɪndʒmənt

arrangement

Meaning
The way things are organized, positioned, or structured.
Example
The arrangement of protons in the nucleus is critical.
B1 noun ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)

architecture

Meaning
The art or science of designing and constructing buildings.
Example
Ancient architecture is fascinating.
B1 noun /ˈæmətər/

amateur

Meaning
A person who engages in a pursuit, especially a sport or art, on an unpaid basis.
Example
The painting looked impressive, even though it was done by an amateur.
C1 adjective /ɑːrˈkeɪn/

arcane

Meaning
understood by few; mysterious or secret
Example
The professor’s lecture was full of arcane details that only specialists could follow.
C2 noun /æbˈsɪʒən/

abscission

Meaning
The natural detachment of parts of a plant, typically leaves or fruit.
Example
The autumn season is marked by the abscission of leaves from trees.
A2 noun /əˈsɪstənt/

assistant

Meaning
a person who helps or supports another, often in a job
Example
She works as an assistant in a law firm.
C1 adjective, noun /ɔːɡˈzɪliəri/

auxiliary

Meaning
(adjective) providing supplementary or additional help and support; (noun) a person or thing that provides auxiliary support
Example
The hospital has an auxiliary power generator in case of emergencies.
B2 adverb /ˈæŋkʃəsli/

anxiously

Meaning
in a worried, nervous, or uneasy manner; with anxious anticipation
Example
She waited anxiously for the exam results.
C2 adjective /ˌænθrəpəˈmɔːrfɪk/

anthropomorphic

Meaning
attributing human characteristics to non-human things, like animals or objects
Example
The cartoon shows an anthropomorphic cat walking on two legs.
C1 adjective /əˈpriː.ʃə.bəl/

Appreciable

Meaning
noticeable; significant; considerable in amount
Example
There was an appreciable improvement in his test scores.
C1 noun /ˌævɒ̃ˈɡɑːrd/

avantgarde

Meaning
people or works that are innovative, experimental, and ahead of their time
Example
The avantgarde of the 20th century reshaped modern art.
A2 noun /əˈdɪʃ.ən/

Addition

Meaning
the process of adding numbers; something that is added
Example
The addition of a new room made the house more spacious.
B2 verb əˈteɪnd

attained

Meaning
Succeeded in achieving (something that one desires and has worked for); reached a specified age, size, or amount.
Example
The region attained remarkable progress.
C2 noun /əˈreɪ.bi.ən ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Arabian Jasmine

Meaning
A fragrant white flower native to South and Southeast Asia, commonly used in perfumes and religious ceremonies
Example
The Arabian jasmine filled the garden with its sweet fragrance.
C2 noun /əˈpɜːrtənənsɪz/

appurtenances

Meaning
Additional items or accessories associated with something, often used in a legal or property context.
Example
The house was sold along with all its appurtenances, including the garage and garden.
B1 verb /əˈtætʃ/

attach

Meaning
to join or fasten something to another thing
Example
Please attach the document to the email before sending.
A1 noun /ˈɛər.pɔːrt/

airport

Meaning
A place where airplanes take off and land, with buildings for passengers and cargo.
Example
We arrived at the airport two hours before the flight.
C1 verb /əˈnʌl/

annul

Meaning
to declare something legally invalid or cancel it
Example
The court decided to annul the marriage due to fraud.
B1 noun /əˈfek.ʃən/

Affection

Meaning
a feeling of liking or caring for someone or something
Example
She has deep affection for her grandmother.
B1 noun /ˈædʒɪktɪv/

adjective

Meaning
a word that describes or modifies a noun by giving more information about its quality, quantity, or state
Example
The adjective in the sentence adds more detail to the noun.
A2 verb /əˈplaɪ/

apply

Meaning
to make a formal request for something; to put into practice
Example
He decided to apply for the scholarship.
C1 noun /ˈæd.və.ser.i/

adversary

Meaning
One's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
Example
The boxer faced a strong adversary in the ring.
B1 verb /əˈlɑːrm/

alarm

Meaning
to warn of danger; to frighten or disturb
Example
The loud noise alarmed the residents.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.nəs/

Anus

Meaning
the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which waste leaves the body
Example
The doctor examined the patient's anus during the medical checkup.
B1 noun /ˈækses/

Access

Meaning
the ability, right, or permission to approach, enter, or pass to and from a place
Example
Students have access to the library 24 hours a day.
A2 noun /ˈæktrəs/

actress

Meaning
a female performer in plays, movies, or television
Example
The actress looked stunning on the red carpet.
B1 noun /ˈær.əb/

arab

Meaning
a person belonging to the Semitic people of the Middle East and North Africa
Example
He is an Arab living in Dubai.
A2 adverb /əˈhɛd/

ahead

Meaning
in front; in advance; before someone or something in position or progress
Example
She walked ahead of the group.
C2 noun /ˌɑːrbəˈriːtəm/

arboretum

Meaning
a place where trees, shrubs, and plants are grown for scientific study or public display
Example
We visited the city’s arboretum to learn about exotic trees.
C2 noun /ˈæpəfθɛm/

apophthegm

Meaning
A short, pithy, and instructive saying or maxim.
Example
She always had a witty apophthegm to share at meetings.
C1 verb /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪt/

administrate

Meaning
to manage or supervise the execution of duties, laws, or resources; to formally give or apply something such as a test or medicine
Example
The committee will administrate the new policy across all departments.
C2 verb /əˈsɛvəˌreɪt/

asseverate

Meaning
to affirm or declare positively and earnestly
Example
He asseverated that he had never seen the man before.
C1 noun /ˈæpərtʃər/

aperture

Meaning
an opening, hole, or gap, especially one that lets in light
Example
Light entered through the small aperture in the wall.
C1 noun /æɡˈnɒs.tɪk/

agnostic

Meaning
a person who believes that nothing is known or can be known about the existence of God; uncertain in belief
Example
He described himself as an agnostic rather than an atheist.
C2 noun /əˌbɑː.məˈneɪ.ʃən/

abomination

Meaning
a thing that causes disgust or hatred
Example
Slavery was considered an abomination.
B2 adjective /ˈæm.pəl/

Ample

Meaning
large in size, extent, or capacity; plentiful; more than enough
Example
We have ample time to finish the project before the deadline.
B2 noun ˈæsɛt

asset

Meaning
A useful or valuable thing, person, or quality.
Example
Real estate is one of the most valuable assets.
C1 verb /əˈtɛst/

attest

Meaning
To provide or serve as clear evidence of; to confirm or certify the truth of something.
Example
The witness attested to the accuracy of the report.
C1 noun /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/

abstinence

Meaning
the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something, typically alcohol or sex
Example
His doctor advised abstinence from alcohol for better health.
B1 verb /əˈdɒpt/

adopt

Meaning
To take something as your own, such as a child, idea, or method.
Example
They decided to adopt a child from the orphanage.
C2 noun /əˈbluːʃən/

ablution

Meaning
the act of washing oneself, often for religious purposes
Example
He performed his morning ablution before the prayer.
B1 noun /ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ/

advertising

Meaning
the activity of producing advertisements for products or services
Example
The company spends millions on advertising every year.
B1 verb /ədˈmaɪər/

admire

Meaning
To respect, appreciate, or look up to someone or something.
Example
I really admire her dedication to education.
C2 noun /ˌæv.oʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/

avocation

Meaning
a hobby or minor occupation pursued in addition to one's main work
Example
Painting is his avocation after office hours.
C1 noun /ˈænərkɪst/

anarchist

Meaning
a person who believes in or promotes the absence of government or authority
Example
The anarchist group protested against state control.
C1 verb /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/

arbitrate

Meaning
to settle a dispute between two parties by acting as an impartial judge
Example
The committee agreed to arbitrate the contract dispute.
B1 noun /əˈtrækʃən/

Attraction

Meaning
the action or power of evoking interest or pleasure in something; a place that draws visitors
Example
The museum is the main attraction for tourists in this city.
C1 adjective /əˈmiːnəbl/

amenable

Meaning
willing to cooperate or be influenced; open to suggestions
Example
She was amenable to the idea of working longer hours.
C2 noun /ˈɔːlmənæk/

almanac

Meaning
An annual publication containing calendars, weather forecasts, astronomical data, and other useful information.
Example
He consulted the almanac to check the phases of the moon.
C1 noun ˌæprɪˈhɛnʃən

apprehension

Meaning
Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
Example
There is an apprehension about the depletion of fish stocks.
B2 noun /əkˌseləˈreɪʃən/

acceleration

Meaning
the rate at which velocity changes over time; the act of speeding up
Example
The car showed rapid acceleration as it entered the highway.
B2 noun ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənts

antioxidants

Meaning
A substance that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage.
Example
Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants.
C2 noun /ˌæbnɪˈɡeɪʃən/

abnegation

Meaning
the act of renouncing or rejecting something, especially self-denial
Example
The monk’s life was one of complete abnegation of worldly pleasures.
C1 verb /əˈbeɪt/

abate

Meaning
to become less intense or widespread
Example
The storm began to abate after midnight.
B2 noun ˈænsɛstərz

Ancestors

Meaning
A person from whom one is descended; a forefather.
Example
The family tree shows the names of all ancestors.