alms
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C2 noun /ɑːmz/

alms

Meaning
Money, food, or goods given to the poor as charity.
Example
The monk distributed alms to the needy villagers.
A2 noun ˈɑːrɡjumənt

argument

Meaning
A reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong.
Example
His argument was based on majority.
C1 noun /ˈæl.ɪ.moʊ.ni/

alimony

Meaning
financial support that a person is ordered by a court to give to their spouse after separation or divorce
Example
He was ordered by the court to pay monthly alimony to his ex-wife.
B1 adjective /əˈʃeɪmd/

Ashamed

Meaning
feeling embarrassed or guilty because of one's actions
Example
He was ashamed of his poor performance.
C2 noun /əˈmɛrɪkəˌnɪzəm/

americanism

Meaning
A word, phrase, or practice characteristic of American English or culture.
Example
The term 'sidewalk' is an Americanism, while 'pavement' is used in British English.
C2 verb /əˈleɪ/

allay

Meaning
to reduce the intensity of fear, worry, or pain; to calm
Example
The teacher tried to allay the students’ fears before the exam.
C2 noun /əˈpɜːrtənənsɪz/

appurtenances

Meaning
Additional items or accessories associated with something, often used in a legal or property context.
Example
The house was sold along with all its appurtenances, including the garage and garden.
A1 determiner/pronoun /əˈnʌðər/

another

Meaning
one more person or thing of the same type
Example
Can I have another cup of tea?
B2 verb /əˈlɛdʒ/

allege

Meaning
to claim or assert something, typically without proof
Example
The witness alleged that the man was at the crime scene.
B2 adverb /ɔːˈθentɪkli/

authentically

Meaning
in a genuine, real, or true manner; in a way that reflects true character or origin
Example
She speaks authentically about her experiences.
C1 adjective /əˈmiːnəbl/

amenable

Meaning
willing to cooperate or be influenced; open to suggestions
Example
She was amenable to the idea of working longer hours.
C1 adjective /əˈbɪzməl/

abysmal

Meaning
extremely bad or appalling
Example
The team's performance was abysmal.
C1 noun, adjective /ˌæntiˈsɛptɪk/

antiseptic

Meaning
A substance that prevents the growth of disease-causing microorganisms; clean and free from germs.
Example
The nurse applied an antiseptic to the wound.
B2 verb /əˈpɔɪnt/

appoint

Meaning
to choose someone for a job or position
Example
The board will appoint a new director.
A2 noun /æd/

ad

Meaning
a notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event
Example
The company released a new ad for their smartphone.
C1 noun /əˈkʌmpənɪmənt/

accompaniment

Meaning
Something that goes together with or complements another thing, often music or food.
Example
The dish was served with a spicy sauce as an accompaniment.
B2 noun /ˈædvəkəsi/

advocacy

Meaning
public support for or recommendation of a particular cause or policy
Example
Her advocacy for children's rights earned her international recognition.
C1 noun /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənts/

antecedents

Meaning
previous events, conditions, or people that influence or serve as a basis for something that follows
Example
The lawyer examined the criminal antecedents of the suspect.
B1 noun /əˈtʃiːvmənt/

achievement

Meaning
Something that has been successfully completed or accomplished through effort or skill.
Example
Graduating from university was her greatest achievement.
B2 verb /əˈplɔːd/

applaud

Meaning
to show approval by clapping or expressing admiration
Example
The audience applauded the performance.
B1 adjective /əkˈsɛptəbəl/

acceptable

Meaning
able to be agreed upon; satisfactory or suitable
Example
Your proposal is acceptable to the committee.
C1 adjective /æbˈdɑː.mə.nəl/

abdominal

Meaning
relating to the abdomen (the part of the body between the chest and pelvis)
Example
He complained of severe abdominal pain.
B1 noun /ˈeər fɔːrs/

Air force

Meaning
the military organization of a country that uses aircraft for fighting
Example
The air force conducted a training exercise over the mountains.
B2 adjective ˌæn.tiˌdɪs.krɪˈmɪn.eɪ.ʃən

anti-discrimination

Meaning
Opposed to or working against discrimination; promoting equal treatment regardless of differences.
Example
The anti-discrimination movement was groundbreaking.
C1 verb /əbˈsteɪn/

abstain

Meaning
To restrain oneself from indulging in or partaking of something.
Example
People often abstain from digital devices to enhance focus.
C1 verb /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

abdicate

Meaning
To give up a position of power or responsibility, especially a throne.
Example
The king decided to abdicate the throne.
C2 noun ˌæm.ɔː.tɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

amortization

Meaning
The process of paying off debt with regular payments over time.
Example
The amortization schedule showed a 10-year repayment plan.
C2 adverb /əˈbæk/

Aback

Meaning
by surprise; unexpectedly
Example
I was taken aback by his sudden announcement.
B1 adjective /əˈlɜːrt/

alert

Meaning
quick to notice and respond to potential danger or issues; aware and attentive
Example
The alert dog barked at the stranger approaching the house.
B2 verb /əˈstɒnɪʃ/

astonish

Meaning
to surprise someone greatly; to fill with sudden wonder or amazement
Example
The magician’s final trick astonished the entire audience.
B2 verb /əˈweɪkən/

awaken

Meaning
to stop sleeping; to cause to become aware
Example
The loud noise awakened the entire neighborhood.
C1 adverb /əˈlɜːrtli/

alertly

Meaning
in a watchful, attentive, and quick-to-notice manner
Example
She listened alertly to every sound in the dark forest.
C2 noun /ˌædʒʊˈreɪʃən/

adjuration

Meaning
a solemn urging or appeal
Example
The priest made an adjuration for peace and unity.
C1 noun ænˈtɪk.wə.ti

antiquity

Meaning
The ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
Example
The ruins are a reminder of the city's antiquity.
B1 noun /ˌæv.əˈkɑː.doʊ/

Avocado

Meaning
a green pear-shaped fruit with creamy flesh and high fat content, often used in healthy diets
Example
Avocado is rich in healthy fats and is popular in salads and toast.
C2 adjective /ˈækwɪˌlaɪn/

aquiline

Meaning
curved like an eagle's beak; hooked
Example
He had an aquiline nose that gave him a distinguished appearance.
C2 adverb /ˌeɪˈmɔːrəli/

amorally

Meaning
In a way that shows no concern about whether behavior is morally right or wrong.
Example
He acted amorally, ignoring the consequences of his actions.
C2 noun /ˌæpəˈrɪʃən/

apparition

Meaning
A ghostly figure or an unusual or unexpected appearance.
Example
The children were frightened by the sudden apparition in the old house.
B2 noun /ˈɑːrkaɪvz/

archives

Meaning
A place or collection where historical records and documents are stored.
Example
She visited the national archives to research her family history.
B2 noun /əˈlaʊəns/

Allowance

Meaning
a sum of money paid regularly to a person; permission to do something
Example
Children receive a weekly allowance for helping with chores.
B2 noun /əˈvɔɪdəns/

avoidance

Meaning
the act of staying away from something; deliberate prevention of contact or confrontation
Example
Avoidance of difficult conversations can create bigger problems later.
B1 noun/verb /əˈwɔːrd/

award

Meaning
a prize or recognition given for an achievement; to give a prize or recognition
Example
She received an award for her outstanding performance.
B1 verb /əˈweɪk/

awake

Meaning
to stop sleeping; to become conscious or alert
Example
I awake every morning at six o'clock.
C2 adjective /ɑːrˈbɔːr.i.əl/

arboreal

Meaning
Relating to trees or living in trees; tree-dwelling.
Example
Monkeys are arboreal animals that spend most of their time in trees.
B2 noun əˈsʌmp.ʃənz

assumptions

Meaning
Things that are accepted as true or certain to happen, without proof.
Example
His assumptions about the project were completely wrong.
C2 noun /ˈeə.rəm/

Arum

Meaning
a plant with large arrow-shaped leaves and a white spathe, also known as taro
Example
Arum leaves are commonly used in Bengali cuisine for cooking.
C1 verb /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/

augment

Meaning
To increase or strengthen something.
Example
The company plans to augment its workforce.
C1 adjective /ˈænsɪləri/

ancillary

Meaning
providing necessary support to the main system or organization
Example
The company provides ancillary services to the healthcare industry.
C1 noun /əˈtjuːn.mənt/

attunement

Meaning
Being in harmony or responsive to someone's emotional state.
Example
Attunement to emotions improves relationships.
C1 adjective /ˈɔː.də.bəl/

Audible

Meaning
able to be heard; loud enough to hear
Example
The speaker's voice was barely audible from the back of the large hall.
C1 adjective /əˈfɜːrmətɪv/

affirmative

Meaning
expressing agreement, approval, or a positive response
Example
She gave an affirmative answer to the proposal.
B2 noun /ɑːrtʃ/

arch

Meaning
a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight above it
Example
The ancient arch still stands in the city center.
C2 noun /ˌɑːrtʃˈdiːkən/

archdeacon

Meaning
A senior clergyman in the Christian Church ranking below a bishop.
Example
The archdeacon assisted the bishop in administrative duties.
C1 noun ˈæk.si.əm

axiom

Meaning
A statement or principle that is considered true and does not require proof.
Example
Actions speak louder than words is a well-known axiom.
B1 adjective /ænˈtiːk/

Antique

Meaning
old and valuable; belonging to ancient times
Example
She collected antique furniture from the Victorian era.
A1 adverb /ɔːlˈredi/

Already

Meaning
before now; by this time; previously
Example
I have already finished my homework for today.
C2 noun /ˈændaɪərn/

andiron

Meaning
a metal support used in a fireplace to hold logs
Example
The logs rested on the andirons in the old fireplace.
B2 adjective /əˈdʒʌstəbəl/

Adjustable

Meaning
নিয়মযোগ্য; পরিবর্তন-সাধ্য; সমন্বয়যোগ্য;
Example
This chair has an adjustable height feature.
B2 adjective /ɔːˈθen.tɪk/

Authentic

Meaning
genuine; real; not fake or copied
Example
The museum displays only authentic artifacts from ancient civilizations.
C2 verb /ˌæpərˈteɪn/

appertain

Meaning
to relate to or be connected with something
Example
The rules only appertain to members of the club.
C2 noun /ˈæn.dʒi.əʊ.plæs.ti/

angioplasty

Meaning
A medical procedure to open blocked or narrowed blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.
Example
Angioplasty is now safer with robotic assistance.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪpədiːz/

antipodes

Meaning
places on opposite sides of the Earth; also refers to things that are direct opposites
Example
Australia and Britain are often considered antipodes of each other.
C1 noun /ˈækəleɪd/

accolade

Meaning
An award, honor, or expression of praise.
Example
She received an accolade for her outstanding performance.
A2 noun /ˈeər kənˈdɪʃ.ən.ər/

Air conditioner

Meaning
a system that controls the temperature, humidity, and air quality in a building or room
Example
We turned on the air conditioner because it was too hot outside.
B1 noun /ˈætməsˌfɪər/

Atmosphere

Meaning
the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet; the pervading tone or mood of a place
Example
The atmosphere protects us from harmful solar radiation.
C2 noun/adjective /ælˈbaɪ.noʊ/

albino

Meaning
A person, animal, or plant lacking normal pigmentation, resulting in pale skin, hair, and eyes.
Example
The albino rabbit had white fur and pink eyes.
B2 verb /əˈsaɪn/

assign

Meaning
to give someone a task, duty, or responsibility
Example
The manager will assign tasks to the new employees.
C2 noun /ˌæs.əˈfet.ɪ.də/

Asafoetida

Meaning
a pungent spice derived from the resin of a plant, commonly used in Indian cooking
Example
A pinch of asafoetida adds a distinctive flavor to the lentil curry.
C1 noun /əˈpɒlədʒɪst/

apologist

Meaning
a person who defends or justifies something, often a controversial belief or institution
Example
He is known as an apologist for authoritarian regimes.
C2 verb /ˈæsəneɪt/

assonate

Meaning
To correspond or agree in sound, especially by vowel sounds; to rhyme approximately.
Example
The lines assonate beautifully, giving the song a unique flow.
C2 noun /ˌænɪˈmɒmɪtər/

anemometer

Meaning
An instrument used to measure the speed and direction of wind.
Example
The scientist used an anemometer to record the wind speed during the storm.
B1 adverb /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

Absolutely

Meaning
completely; totally; without exception
Example
I absolutely agree with your decision.
B2 noun /ˈæstərɔɪd/

asteroid

Meaning
A small rocky body orbiting the sun, mostly found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Example
The asteroid belt lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
C2 noun /əˈdɛpt.nəs/

adeptness

Meaning
Skill and dexterity in a task.
Example
His adeptness in negotiations helped close the deal successfully.
C1 noun /əˈlɜːrtnəs/

alertness

Meaning
the state of being mentally aware and quick to notice or respond; vigilance
Example
The driver maintained a high level of alertness during the long journey.
C1 verb /ˈɑːrbɪtreɪt/

arbitrate

Meaning
to settle a dispute between two parties by acting as an impartial judge
Example
The committee agreed to arbitrate the contract dispute.
B2 noun /ˈækni/

acne

Meaning
a skin condition in which pores become inflamed and clogged, causing pimples and spots
Example
Regular cleansing and a balanced diet can help reduce acne.
C1 verb /əˈtoʊn/

atone

Meaning
to make amends for a wrong or injury; to make reparation
Example
He tried to atone for his mistakes by helping others.
C1 adjective /ədˈmɪsəbl/

admissible

Meaning
acceptable or valid, especially as evidence in a court of law
Example
The judge ruled that the document was admissible as evidence.
C1 adjective /ˈæntɪkweɪtɪd/

antiquated

Meaning
Old-fashioned or outdated.
Example
The office still uses an antiquated filing system.
C1 noun /ˈæntlɚ/

antler

Meaning
The branched horns on the head of a deer or similar animal, usually shed and regrown annually.
Example
The deer’s antlers grew larger each year.
A2 verb /ˈɑːrɡjuː/

argue

Meaning
to have a disagreement; to present reasons for or against
Example
They often argue about politics.
B2 noun /əˈtɜːrni/

attorney

Meaning
a person who practices law; a lawyer
Example
She hired an attorney to represent her in court.
C2 adjective /əˈskjuː/

askew

Meaning
Not in a straight or level position; crooked or tilted.
Example
The picture on the wall hung slightly askew.
B2 noun /əˈreɪ/

array

Meaning
an impressive display or arrangement of things
Example
The shop displayed an array of colorful dresses.
B1 verb /ədˈvaɪz/

advise

Meaning
to recommend what should be done; to give advice
Example
The doctor advised him to rest for a week.
B1 noun, adjective, gerund /ˈæk.tɪŋ/

acting

Meaning
the art or profession of performing in plays, films, or television; temporary performance of duties; the process of performing an action
Example
She is studying acting to become a professional actress.
A1 noun /ˈɑːnti/

aunty

Meaning
the sister of one’s father or mother; a term of respectful address for an older woman, especially in South Asian usage
Example
My aunty lives near our house and often visits us.
C1 adjective ˌæv.ɒ̃ˈɡɑːd

avant-garde

Meaning
New and experimental; characterized by departure from or rejection of accepted standards.
Example
Avant-garde designs redefine the dining experience.
A2 verb /əˈtend/

attend

Meaning
to be present at; to give attention to; to take care of
Example
I will attend the conference next week.
B2 adjective, noun /ədˈvaɪzəri/

advisory

Meaning
(adjective) having the power to give advice but not to make sure that it is followed; (noun) an official announcement containing information or a warning
Example
The committee serves in an advisory capacity to the board of directors.
A1 adverb /ˈɔːl.weɪz/

Always

Meaning
at all times; on all occasions; forever
Example
She always arrives early to work.
C1 verb /əˈfɪliˌeɪt/

affiliate

Meaning
to officially attach or connect (a group or organization) to a larger body
Example
The school is affiliated with the local university.
A1 noun /eər/

Air

Meaning
the invisible gaseous substance surrounding the earth; a mixture mainly of oxygen and nitrogen
Example
Fresh air is essential for good health.
B2 verb /ˈæmplɪˌfaɪ/

amplify

Meaning
to make sounds louder; to make something larger or more significant
Example
The microphone amplifies her voice.
C1 adjective /ədˈhiːsɪv/

Adhesive

Meaning
আঠালো; চটচটে;
Example
The adhesive tape stuck firmly to the wall.
C1 verb /eɪl/

ail

Meaning
to be ill or suffer from a physical or mental problem; to trouble or afflict
Example
She has been ailing since last winter.
C2 verb /əˈvɜːr/

aver

Meaning
to state or assert something confidently and strongly
Example
She averred that she was innocent.
C2 noun /ˌɔːskʌlˈteɪʃən/

auscultation

Meaning
The act of listening to internal sounds of the body, typically using a stethoscope.
Example
The doctor performed auscultation to check the patient’s lungs.
C2 adjective /ˌæl.ɪˈmen.tər.i/

alimentary

Meaning
relating to nourishment or the organs of digestion
Example
The doctor explained the role of the alimentary canal in digestion.
A2 noun /əˈsɪstənt/

assistant

Meaning
a person who helps or supports another, often in a job
Example
She works as an assistant in a law firm.
C1 noun /ˈædʒʌŋkt/

adjunct

Meaning
a thing added to something else as a supplementary part
Example
The professor worked as an adjunct at the university.
C2 noun /əˈkʌmpənɪst/

accompanist

Meaning
A person who plays a musical instrument to support a singer or another musician.
Example
The pianist served as the accompanist for the singer during the concert.
B1 noun əˈdɒp.ʃən

adoption

Meaning
The process of accepting, embracing, or taking up something new, such as a practice, technology, or idea.
Example
The adoption of electric vehicles is increasing worldwide.
C1 noun /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

armada

Meaning
A large fleet of warships.
Example
The Spanish Armada sailed against England in 1588.
B1 adjective /ˈæbsənt/

absent

Meaning
not present at a place or event
Example
She was absent from the meeting yesterday.
B2 noun /əˈkaʊntɪŋ/

accounting

Meaning
the process of recording, summarizing, and reporting financial transactions
Example
She works in the accounting department of a large firm.
B2 noun /ˈɑːr.mər/

Armour

Meaning
protective covering worn by soldiers; metal plating for military vehicles
Example
The knight wore heavy armour to protect himself in battle.
C2 verb /ˈæntɪdeɪtɪd/

antedated

Meaning
assigned to an earlier date than the actual one; happened earlier
Example
The letter was antedated to appear more official.
B2 verb /əkˈsɛləreɪt/

accelerate

Meaning
to increase speed or make something happen sooner
Example
The driver accelerated to overtake the truck.
B2 noun /ˈeɪkər/

acre

Meaning
a unit of land area equal to 4,840 square yards (about 4,047 square meters)
Example
The farmer owns five acres of fertile land.
C1 noun, adverb /ˈeɪliəs/

alias

Meaning
A false or assumed identity; also used to mean 'otherwise called'.
Example
The criminal was known by the alias 'Shadow'.
C2 noun /əbˈdʌktər/

abductor

Meaning
a person who kidnaps or forcibly takes someone away
Example
The police arrested the abductor after a nationwide search.
C2 noun /ˈænɪ siːd/

Ani seed

Meaning
Small aromatic seeds used as a spice and for medicinal purposes, with a sweet licorice-like flavor
Example
Anise seeds are often used in traditional desserts and teas.
A1 verb (first person singular of 'be') /æm/

am

Meaning
the first person singular present tense of 'be'
Example
I am happy today.
A2 verb /ədˈmɪt/

admit

Meaning
to confess to be true; to allow entrance; to accept as valid
Example
He had to admit his mistake to the teacher.
A2 adjective /əˈwɛər/

aware

Meaning
having knowledge or perception of a situation or fact
Example
She is aware of the risks involved.
C2 noun /əˈluː.vi.əm/

alluvium

Meaning
Fertile soil deposited by flowing water, especially in riverbanks.
Example
The alluvium in riverbanks is highly fertile for agriculture.
B1 noun ədˈvɛnʧər ˈsiːkərz

Adventure Seekers

Meaning
People who actively look for exciting and potentially risky activities or experiences.
Example
Sajek Valley is a popular destination for adventure seekers.
B2 noun /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/

anxiety

Meaning
A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.
Example
Meditation helps reduce anxiety and stress.
C1 noun /ˌɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

archbishop

Meaning
A senior bishop in charge of an archdiocese in the Christian Church.
Example
The archbishop delivered a sermon to thousands of people.