Advocate
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B2 noun /ˈæd.və.kət/

Advocate

Meaning
a lawyer who represents clients in court; a person who supports or argues for a cause or policy
Example
The advocate presented strong evidence to defend his client in court.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈsleɪvəri/

antislavery

Meaning
Opposed to the practice or system of slavery.
Example
The antislavery movement gained momentum in the 19th century.
A1 noun /ɒkˈtoʊbər/

october

Meaning
the tenth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
Example
The weather becomes cooler in October.
B2 noun /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/

anxiety

Meaning
A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.
Example
Meditation helps reduce anxiety and stress.
C1 adjective /wɪðˈdrɔːn/

withdrawn

Meaning
quiet and shy; not wanting to talk to others
Example
After the incident, he became withdrawn and avoided his friends.
B1 noun /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/

nationality

Meaning
The status of belonging to a particular nation, either by birth or naturalization.
Example
Her nationality is Canadian, though she was born in France.
C2 noun /ˌsɜːrkəmləˈkjuːʃn/

circumlocution

Meaning
the use of many words when fewer would do, especially to avoid stating something directly
Example
The politician's speech was filled with circumlocution.
C1 noun ˌæprɪˈhɛnʃən

apprehension

Meaning
Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
Example
There is an apprehension about the depletion of fish stocks.
C1 verb /kəˈrəʊd/

corrode

Meaning
to gradually destroy or wear away metal or other materials through chemical action
Example
The iron pipes corroded over time due to exposure to water.
C2 adjective /ˈnæti/

natty

Meaning
Neat, stylish, and fashionable in appearance.
Example
He looked very natty in his new suit.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnɪt/

tenet

Meaning
a principle, belief, or doctrine held to be true
Example
Honesty is a central tenet of their philosophy.
C2 adjective /æmˈbroʊʒiəl/

ambrosial

Meaning
Exceptionally pleasing to taste or smell; divine.
Example
The aroma of freshly baked bread was simply ambrosial.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tɪ.nəns/

continence

Meaning
self-restraint, especially regarding bodily functions or desires
Example
He practiced continence to maintain focus on his studies.
B2 verb /bræɡ/

brag

Meaning
to talk proudly about oneself or one's achievements in an annoying way
Example
He always brags about his expensive car.
B2 noun /beɪ liːf/

Bay leaf

Meaning
dried aromatic leaf of the bay laurel tree used as a culinary herb
Example
Add a bay leaf to the soup for extra flavor.
B1 adverb /ˌɔːl.təˈɡeð.ər/

Altogether

Meaning
completely; in total; considering everything
Example
The project cost altogether five thousand dollars.
B2 noun, verb /ˈædvɜːrt/

advert

Meaning
(noun) a notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event; (verb) to refer to something in speaking or writing
Example
The company placed an advert in the newspaper for the new position.
B1 noun /ˈkɒstjuːm/

costume

Meaning
a set of clothes worn to represent a particular character, culture, or occasion
Example
She wore a beautiful costume for the Halloween party.
C2 adjective /dɪˈlɛktəbl̩/

delectable

Meaning
delicious or highly enjoyable
Example
The restaurant served a delectable meal.
A2 verb /bɛɡ/

beg

Meaning
to ask for something earnestly; to request humbly
Example
The child begged for a new toy.
C1 noun /ɛkˈspeɪtriət/

expatriate

Meaning
a person who lives outside their native country
Example
Many expatriates gather in the city’s international community.
C2 verb /fleɪ/

flay

Meaning
to strip off the skin of something or criticize severely
Example
The chef flayed the fish before cooking it.
C2 adjective /rəˈkoʊkoʊ/

rococo

Meaning
characterized by ornate detail and elaborate decoration, especially in art, architecture, and design
Example
The palace was decorated in a lavish rococo style.
C2 noun /ˌbræɡəˈdoʊʃioʊ/

braggadocio

Meaning
boastful or arrogant behavior; empty boasting
Example
His endless braggadocio annoyed everyone at the party.
B2 noun /ˈkəʊ.tɪŋ/

coating

Meaning
A protective or decorative layer applied to a surface.
Example
A protective coating prevents rust formation.
C1 noun /əˈseɪlənt/

assailant

Meaning
a person who attacks another
Example
The police arrested the assailant at the scene.
C1 verb /ˈprɪkəl/

prickle

Meaning
to cause a slight stinging or tingling sensation on the skin
Example
Her skin began to prickle in the cold wind.
B2 noun /ˈrɪb.ən/

ribbon

Meaning
a long, narrow strip of fabric used for tying or decoration
Example
She tied her hair with a red ribbon.
C1 verb /daɪˈɡrɛs/

digress

Meaning
To leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
Example
The professor began to digress from the main topic of the lecture.
B2 adverb /ˈmɒdərətli/

moderately

Meaning
to a reasonable extent, not excessively
Example
She exercises moderately to stay healthy.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

Meaning
A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.
Example
The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.
C1 adjective /trænˈsen.dənt/

transcendent

Meaning
Beyond or above the range of normal or merely physical human experience.
Example
His art has a transcendent quality.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/

extraneous

Meaning
Not directly related or essential to the matter at hand; irrelevant.
Example
The editor removed extraneous details from the report.
A1 noun ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ

language

Meaning
A method of communication used by humans, consisting of spoken and written words structured in specific ways.
Example
Learning a new language can be exciting.
C1 noun /ˌpiːdiˈætrɪks/

pediatrics

Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of children
Example
She decided to specialize in pediatrics after medical school.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
C2 noun /kəˈbɑl/

Cabal

Meaning
a secret political clique or faction
Example
The journalists exposed a cabal of corrupt politicians working together.
B2 adjective /pəˈrɛntəl/

parental

Meaning
relating to a parent or parents; characteristic of a mother or father
Example
Parental guidance is important for a child's development.
B2 noun /fɪɡ/

Fig

Meaning
a soft sweet fruit that is purple or green on the outside and has many small seeds
Example
The fig tree in our backyard produces delicious fruits every summer.
B2 noun /strɔː/

straw

Meaning
a thin tube for sucking up liquids; dried stalks of grain plants
Example
She drank the juice through a straw.
C2 verb /trəˈdjuːs/

traduce

Meaning
To speak badly of someone or tell lies to damage their reputation.
Example
He was furious when he found out that his rivals had traduced him.
C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
C2 verb /ˈoʊɡəl/

ogle

Meaning
To look at someone with obvious sexual interest.
Example
He kept ogling the models on the runway.
B2 verb /rɪˈteɪn/

retain

Meaning
to keep possession of something
Example
The company decided to retain its experienced employees.
C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

Meaning
The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.
Example
She left the job of her own volition.
A2 verb /pruːv/

prove

Meaning
to show that something is true; to demonstrate
Example
The evidence will prove his innocence.
C2 verb /ˈseɪʃiˌeɪt/

satiate

Meaning
To satisfy fully, especially with food or desire.
Example
The large meal satiated his hunger.
A2 adjective ˈnesəseri

necessary

Meaning
Required to be done, achieved, or present; essential.
Example
Strict regulations are necessary for maintaining order.
C2 noun /ˈɡloʊmɪŋ/

gloaming

Meaning
The time of day after the sun has set and before it is completely dark; twilight.
Example
We walked home together in the quiet gloaming.
C2 adjective /ˈnɒti/

knotty

Meaning
Complicated, difficult to solve or full of knots.
Example
He faced a knotty legal issue.
C2 adjective /ˈtɜːrdʒɪd/

turgid

Meaning
Swollen or distended; (of language) pompous and overcomplicated.
Example
The professor’s lecture was so turgid that many students lost interest.
C1 verb /ˌkaʊntərˈbæləns/

counterbalance

Meaning
to offset or balance the effect of something
Example
Exercise can counterbalance the negative effects of stress.
A2 noun /truːθ/

Truth

Meaning
the quality or state of being true; that which is true or in accordance with fact or reality
Example
The witness promised to tell the truth during the court hearing.
B1 noun /tuː θɜːrdz/

two-thirds

Meaning
a fraction equal to two parts of three; 2/3.
Example
Two-thirds of the students passed the exam.
C2 noun /ˈkælvɪnɪzəm/

calvinism

Meaning
A Protestant theological system based on John Calvin’s teachings, emphasizing predestination and the sovereignty of God.
Example
Calvinism played a major role in shaping Protestant theology.
A2 noun /ˈfɪŋ.ɡər/

Finger

Meaning
any of the four long thin parts of the hand (or five, if the thumb is included)
Example
She pointed with her finger to show the direction to the museum.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪk.bæt/

Brickbat

Meaning
a piece of brick, especially one used as a missile; harsh criticism or censure
Example
The angry protesters threw brickbats at the building windows.
B2 adjective aɪˈkɒnɪk

iconic

Meaning
Very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time.
Example
The line "It was the best of times..." is iconic.
A2 noun, verb, adjective /ˈprɛzənt/

present

Meaning
existing or happening now; to give something to someone in a formal way
Example
She presented her report to the team yesterday.
C2 adjective /ˈoʊ.vɔɪd/

ovoid

Meaning
egg-shaped; resembling an oval or ellipse
Example
The artist painted an ovoid shape in the center of the canvas.
B2 noun /ˈɪn.vɔɪs/

Invoice

Meaning
a list of goods sent or services provided, with a statement of the sum due for these
Example
The company sent an invoice for the office supplies delivered last week.
B1 noun /freɪz/

phrase

Meaning
a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit
Example
He gave a memorable phrase at the conference.
C2 verb /səˈfjuːz/

suffuse

Meaning
to gradually spread through or over something
Example
A warm glow suffused her face as she smiled.
B1 verb ɪnˈspaɪər

inspire

Meaning
To fill someone with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially creative or noble.
Example
Artemis seeks to inspire future generations.
C2 noun /dɪsˈjuːnjən/

disunion

Meaning
the state of being separated or not united
Example
Civil wars often result from national disunion.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌp.i fɪʃ/

Guppy fish

Meaning
a small colorful freshwater fish popular in aquariums, known for its vibrant colors and easy breeding
Example
The guppy fish is perfect for beginners who want to start an aquarium.
C1 adjective /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/

igneous

Meaning
Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Example
Granite is an igneous rock commonly used in construction.
C1 verb /slaʊtʃ/

slouch

Meaning
To stand, sit, or move in a lazy or awkward way.
Example
He slouched in the chair, looking tired.
B1 verb /sərˈvaɪv/

survive

Meaning
To continue to live or exist after a difficult event or situation.
Example
He managed to survive the storm.
B1 noun /ˈvaɪtəmɪn/

vitamin

Meaning
a natural substance needed by the body to stay healthy
Example
Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of vitamins.
C2 noun /nɛl/

knell

Meaning
The sound of a bell, especially when rung solemnly for a death or funeral; a signal of the end or failure of something.
Example
The knell of the church bell echoed through the valley at dusk.
B2 noun /koʊl/

coal

Meaning
a black or dark brown rock used as fuel, formed from decomposed plant matter
Example
The factory still uses coal as its main source of energy.
C1 noun /ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

alienation

Meaning
The state of being isolated or estranged from a group or activity.
Example
The new policies created a sense of alienation among employees.
A2 noun

Kite

A1 noun /ˈwiːkˌɛnd/

weekend

Meaning
the end of the week, typically regarded as Saturday and Sunday
Example
They are planning a trip for the weekend.
B2 verb /ˈvaɪbreɪt/

vibrate

Meaning
To move or cause to move continuously and rapidly back and forth.
Example
The phone began to vibrate on the table.
B2 verb /həˈræs/

harass

Meaning
to persistently annoy or torment someone
Example
The employees complained that their boss harassed them.
B2 adjective ɪˈmɜː.sɪv

immersive

Meaning
Providing, involving, or characterized by deep absorption or immersion in something.
Example
Virtual reality creates an immersive learning environment.
C1 noun /frəˈdʒɪl.ɪ.ti/

fragility

Meaning
The quality of being fragile; delicateness.
Example
The cornea's fragility increases with rubbing.
B2 verb /ˈtɛmpər/

temper

Meaning
to moderate, soften, or tone down something; also to strengthen by heat treatment (as in metal).
Example
She tried to temper her criticism with kindness.
C2 noun /ˈbræɡərt/

braggart

Meaning
a person who boasts about achievements or possessions
Example
No one liked him because he was such a braggart.
A1 preposition /wɪðˈaʊt/

without

Meaning
in the absence of, or not having something
Example
He left without saying goodbye.
C2 noun /rɪˈpʌɡ.nəns/

repugnance

Meaning
intense disgust or strong aversion towards something
Example
She felt deep repugnance at the cruelty of the act.
B1 verb/noun /haɪk/

hike

Meaning
To take a long walk in the countryside or mountains; also to increase suddenly (prices, rates, etc.).
Example
We decided to hike in the hills this weekend.
B1 noun /edʒ/

Edge

Meaning
the outside limit of an object or area; a sharp side of a blade
Example
Be careful not to cut yourself on the sharp edge of the knife.
C2 adjective /bɪˈsɒtɪd/

besotted

Meaning
strongly infatuated or obsessed with someone or something
Example
He was completely besotted with her charm.
B2 adjective /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/

mathematical

Meaning
relating to mathematics or the use of mathematics
Example
The mathematical equation was difficult to solve.
C2 noun /ˈæmjʊlət/

Amulet

Meaning
an ornament or small piece of jewelry thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease
Example
She wore a silver amulet around her neck for good luck.
C1 noun ænˈtɪk.wə.ti

antiquity

Meaning
The ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
Example
The ruins are a reminder of the city's antiquity.
A2 verb /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ/

visiting

Meaning
Going to see and spend time with someone or at a place.
Example
The group is visiting islands during the expedition.
B2 noun /ˈmɔːr.nɪŋ/

Mourning

Meaning
the expression of deep sorrow for someone who has died
Example
The family is in mourning for their grandmother.
B1 noun /ɪnˈstrʌktər/

instructor

Meaning
A person who teaches a subject or skill.
Example
The driving instructor was very patient with new learners.
C1 noun mɪˈtɪkjʊləsnɪs

meticulousness

Meaning
Great attention to detail; very careful and precise.
Example
His meticulousness made the project successful.
C2 noun /haɪnd/

Hind

Meaning
a female deer, especially a red deer
Example
The hind protected her fawn from predators.
C1 verb /ˌʌndəˈreɪt/

underrate

Meaning
to fail to recognize the full value or importance of something or someone
Example
Many people underrate the benefits of regular exercise.
C1 noun /pʌn/

pun

Meaning
A humorous use of words that suggests different meanings or words that sound alike.
Example
He made a clever pun about the bakery's bread rising.
A1 determiner/pronoun /iːtʃ/

each

Meaning
every one of two or more people or things considered separately
Example
Each student received a certificate.
C2 adjective /ˌdɪsəˈfɛktɪd/

disaffected

Meaning
Dissatisfied and rebellious, especially against authority or leadership.
Example
The reforms were introduced to calm the disaffected youth.
A1 adjective/adverb /ɪˈnʌf/

enough

Meaning
as much or as many as required
Example
We have enough food for everyone.
B2 adjective /ˈrɒt.ən/

Rotten

Meaning
decayed; spoiled; bad
Example
The apple is rotten and should be thrown away.
C1 verb /pərˈteɪn/

pertain

Meaning
to relate or have reference to something
Example
The rules pertain to all students in the school.
C2 noun /ˈspuːnərɪzəm/

spoonerism

Meaning
A verbal error in which the initial sounds of words are swapped to create a humorous effect.
Example
He made a spoonerism by saying 'queer old dean' instead of 'dear old queen'.
B2 noun /flɛkˈsɪbɪləti/

flexibility

Meaning
The quality of bending easily without breaking; willingness to change or compromise.
Example
The flexibility of the working hours made it easier to balance work and personal life.
A2 noun/verb /ɡraʊnd/

ground

Meaning
the solid surface of the earth; to prohibit someone (often a child) from going out
Example
The children played on the ground near the house.
C2 noun /ˌhaɪdroʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/

hydrodynamics

Meaning
The branch of science concerned with the motion of fluids, especially liquids, and the forces acting on solid bodies immersed in fluids.
Example
Hydrodynamics is essential in designing efficient ship hulls.
B2 noun /næˈreɪʃən/

narration

Meaning
The act of telling a story or describing events in detail.
Example
The movie’s narration was done by a famous actor.
B2 verb prəˈlɔŋd

prolonged

Meaning
Extended in duration; made to last longer than usual.
Example
Modern medicine has prolonged life expectancy.
B1 noun /ˌrɛp.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/

reputation

Meaning
The opinion generally held about someone or something; fame or prestige.
Example
A good reputation is essential for business success.
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
B2 adjective + noun ˈɒptɪməl ˈtempərətʃər

optimal temperature

Meaning
The best or most favorable temperature for a particular purpose
Example
Winter provides optimal temperature for farming.
C1 verb /ˈveɪpəraɪz/

vaporize

Meaning
to turn into vapor or gas
Example
The heat of the sun can vaporize water from the surface.
A2 noun /ɡoʊt/

Goat

Meaning
a farm animal with horns that gives milk and meat
Example
The farmer keeps goats for their milk and cheese.
C2 noun /ˈænθrəsaɪt/

anthracite

Meaning
A hard, shiny form of coal that burns with little smoke and a high heat value.
Example
The factory used anthracite as its primary fuel source.
C1 noun /ˈkwɪk.sænd/

Quick-sand

Meaning
loose wet sand that yields easily to pressure and sucks in anything on its surface
Example
The explorer got trapped in quicksand while crossing the desert.
B1 noun /ˈhæm.ər/

Hammer

Meaning
a tool with a heavy metal head for hitting nails or breaking things
Example
She used a hammer to nail the picture frame to the wall.
C2 noun /ˌhoʊmə.dʒəˈniːəti/

homogeneity

Meaning
The quality or state of being all the same or all of the same kind.
Example
The cultural homogeneity of the village made it feel unified.
C2 noun /skʌlˈdʌɡəri/

skulduggery

Meaning
underhanded or dishonest behavior
Example
The politician was accused of financial skulduggery.
C1 verb /ˈʃɪmər/

shimmer

Meaning
To shine with a soft, wavering light.
Example
The lake shimmered under the moonlight.
A2 noun /biːf/

Beef

Meaning
meat from a cow or bull
Example
The restaurant serves the best beef steak in town.
B1 verb /træk/

track

Meaning
To follow or trace the course or progress of something.
Example
Someone can easily track your location on social media.
B1 adjective /strɪkt/

Strict

Meaning
demanding exact conformity to rules; severe; rigorous
Example
The teacher is very strict about homework deadlines.