A2 noun /ədˈvɜːrtɪsmənt/

polymath

Meaning

a person with knowledge of many different subjects

Example

Leonardo da Vinci was a true polymath, excelling in art, science, and engineering.

C2 adjective /ˈvɒl.jʊ.bəl/

Voluble

Meaning

speaking fluently and readily; talkative; having a continuous flow of words

Example

The voluble salesman talked for hours about his products.

C1 verb /ˈdaʊn.pleɪ/

downplay

Meaning

to make something seem less important than it really is

Example

The company tried to downplay the risks of the new product.

C2 adjective /ˈtɛsəleɪtɪd/

tessellated

Meaning

arranged in a pattern of repeated shapes fitting together without gaps

Example

The tessellated floor was made of colorful tiles arranged in perfect symmetry.

B1 adjective /ˈʌpər/

upper

Meaning

higher in position or rank

Example

The upper floor of the building is under renovation.

C1 noun /ˌsɛnsəˈbɪləti/

Sensibility

Meaning

the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity

Example

Her artistic sensibility made her appreciate fine details in paintings.

B2 noun /ˈfrʌn.tɪər/

frontier

Meaning

A new area of activity, knowledge, or development; the edge of knowledge or achievement.

Example

Robotic surgery is exploring a new frontier in medicine.

C1 noun /əˈlʌmnəs/

alumnus

Meaning

a former student or graduate of a school, college, or university

Example

He is an alumnus of Harvard University.

B1 noun /ˈeə.rə.pleɪn/

Aeroplane

Meaning

a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greater than that of the air it displaces

Example

The aeroplane took off smoothly from the airport runway.

B2 noun ˈrɛvənuː

revenue

Meaning

Income, especially when of a company or organization.

Example

The company's revenue grew by 10% this year.

C1 noun /rɪˌsɛptɪˈvɪti/

receptivity

Meaning

The ability or willingness to receive something, especially signals or stimuli.

Example

Her receptivity to new ideas helped improve the project.

C1 noun /ˈkɪləˌwɒt/

kilowatt

Meaning

a unit of power equal to 1,000 watts

Example

The generator produces ten kilowatts of electricity.

C1 noun ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən ˈstrætədʒiz

mitigation strategies

Meaning

Plans and actions designed to reduce the severity or impact of problems or risks.

Example

Governments must adopt mitigation strategies for climate change.

C2 adjective /əˈsɪdjʊləs/

acidulous

Meaning

slightly sour or sharp in taste or manner

Example

The critic wrote an acidulous review of the movie.

B2 adjective prɪˈlɪm.ɪ.nər.i

preliminary

Meaning

Denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.

Example

Preliminary steps are crucial before the main project.

A2 noun /dʒuːs/

Juice

Meaning

the liquid obtained from or present in fruit or vegetables; the liquid that comes from meat when it is cooked

Example

The fresh apple juice was delicious and packed with vitamins.

C2 noun /əˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃən/

agglomeration

Meaning

A mass or collection of things, sometimes clustered together.

Example

The city is an agglomeration of diverse cultures and communities.

B1 noun /ˈneɪvi/

Navy

Meaning

the branch of armed forces that conducts military operations at sea

Example

He joined the navy after graduating from college.

C1 adjective /ˈpæl.ɪd/

Pallid

Meaning

pale, especially because of poor health; lacking substance or vitality

Example

His pallid complexion showed signs of illness.

B2 adjective /ˈhoʊm.sɪk/

Homesick

Meaning

experiencing a longing for one's home during a period of absence from it; missing home

Example

After three months studying abroad, Maria felt increasingly homesick for her family.

B1 noun /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zənz/

citizens

Meaning

A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth.

Example

Citizens must follow pollution regulations.

A2 adjective /hjuːdʒ/

huge

Meaning

extremely large in size or amount

Example

The stadium was filled with a huge crowd.

B2 verb /ˈtrɛmbəl/

tremble

Meaning

To shake slightly, often because of fear, cold, or nervousness.

Example

She began to tremble with fear before speaking.

B2 verb kəˈlaɪd

collide

Meaning

Hit with force when moving; come into conflict or opposition.

Example

The two cars collided at the intersection.

B2 noun /ˈtɜr.mər.ɪk/

Turmeric

Meaning

A bright yellow spice powder made from the root of a tropical plant, used in cooking and medicine

Example

Add turmeric to the curry for color and flavor.

B1 noun /ˈeɪ.dʒən.si/

Agency

Meaning

a business or organization that provides a particular service

Example

She works for a travel agency downtown.

C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

discerning

Meaning

having good judgment or insight; able to distinguish well

Example

He is a discerning reader who notices subtle details.

C2 adjective /dɪˈrɪzəbl/

derisible

Meaning

deserving ridicule or mockery

Example

His excuse was so weak that it was plainly derisible.

A2 noun /frɪdʒ/

fridge

Meaning

a household appliance used to keep food and drinks cold to preserve freshness

Example

I put the milk back in the fridge after breakfast.

C2 verb /daʊz/

dowse

Meaning

To search for underground water or minerals using a divining rod; also to drench or extinguish with liquid.

Example

The farmer tried to dowse for water in the dry field.

B2 adjective /ˈpæn.ɪ.ki/

Panicky

Meaning

feeling or showing panic; anxious and fearful

Example

The crowd became panicky when the fire alarm sounded.

C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

Meaning

To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.

Example

He tried to circumvent the security system.

C2 verb /əˈlɪtəreɪt/

alliterate

Meaning

to repeat the same consonant sound at the beginning of words in a phrase or sentence

Example

The poet often alliterates words to create rhythm.

B1 noun /mʌɡ/

Mug

Meaning

a large cup, typically cylindrical and having a handle and used without a saucer

Example

She drank her morning coffee from a ceramic mug.

C1 verb /əˈdʒuːdɪˌkeɪt/

adjudicate

Meaning

to make a formal judgment or decision about a problem or dispute

Example

The committee was formed to adjudicate disputes between the parties.

B1 noun /ɪnˈvɛstər/

investor

Meaning

a person or organization that puts money into financial schemes, property, or business ventures with the expectation of achieving a profit

Example

The investor funded the startup with a large sum of money.

B2 noun /ɡloʊb/

Globe

Meaning

a spherical or rounded object; the earth; a spherical model of the earth

Example

The teacher used a globe to show the students the locations of different countries.

C1 verb /dɪsˈtrʌst/

distrust

Meaning

to have no confidence or trust in someone or something

Example

Many people distrust politicians.

B1 verb /kənˈsuːm/

consume

Meaning

to eat or drink; to use up; to destroy completely

Example

We consume a lot of water during summer.

B2 noun /ˈblɒkˌtʃeɪn/

blockchain

Meaning

A system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system

Example

Blockchain technology ensures transparency in financial transactions.

B2 adjective /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/

conservative

Meaning

Favoring traditional views and values; resistant to change.

Example

He has conservative views on family and society.

C1 noun æmˈbɪvələns

ambivalence

Meaning

Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something; uncertainty or confusion.

Example

She felt ambivalence about taking the job offer.

B2 adjective /əˈstɒnɪʃt/

astonished

Meaning

feeling very surprised or amazed

Example

She was astonished by the magician's incredible trick.

B1 noun /ˈsʌn.laɪt/

sunlight

Meaning

Direct light from the sun.

Example

Sunlight does not reach the abyssal depths of the ocean.

A2 noun /stɛə/

stair

Meaning

a step or set of steps leading from one level to another

Example

He tripped on the stair and fell down.

B2 adverb /ˈsɪmɪlərli/

similarly

Meaning

in a similar way

Example

Similarly, we can achieve success with dedication and hard work.

C1 noun /ˈskeɪ.biːz/

Scabies

Meaning

a contagious skin disease caused by mites that causes intense itching

Example

The doctor diagnosed him with scabies after examining the rash.

C1 verb /pɜːrtʃ/

perch

Meaning

To sit or rest on something high or narrow.

Example

The bird perched on the fence.

C2 adjective /ˈɡɛə.rɪʃ/

garish

Meaning

Excessively bright and showy, often in a tasteless or unattractive way.

Example

The room was decorated with garish neon lights.

B2 noun /ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

notification

Meaning

an official or formal notice or message informing someone of something; an alert delivered by a system or device

Example

You will receive a notification when your application is approved.

C1 verb /ɪˈnɔːɡjʊreɪt/

inaugurate

Meaning

To formally begin or introduce something, especially with a ceremony.

Example

The mayor will inaugurate the new bridge tomorrow.

C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

Meaning

warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt

Example

She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.

B1 adjective ˈkruː.ʃəl

crucial

Meaning

Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.

Example

Fault-tolerance is crucial for reliability.

C1 noun /mɪˈrɑːʒ/

Mirage

Meaning

An optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions, especially in deserts

Example

The travelers saw a mirage of water in the desert.

B2 verb /dɒdʒ/

dodge

Meaning

to move quickly to one side to avoid something; to avoid dealing with something cleverly or dishonestly

Example

The boxer managed to dodge his opponent's punch.

B2 noun /rɪˈbel.jən/

Rebellion

Meaning

an act of armed resistance to an established government or leader

Example

The rebellion against the king lasted for three years.

C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

Meaning

A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.

Example

The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.

B1 noun /ˈkɪlər/

killer

Meaning

A person or thing that kills.

Example

The police caught the killer last night.

C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

Meaning

Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion

Example

The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.

C2 noun /ˈbrɛviˌɛri/

breviary

Meaning

A book containing the service for each day, used in Christian liturgy.

Example

The monk read from the breviary during morning prayers.

C1 noun /ˈdɛljuːdʒ/

deluge

Meaning

A severe flood; an overwhelming quantity of something.

Example

The town was hit by a deluge of rain in just a few hours.

B2 adjective /hɑːrˈmoʊ.ni.əs/

harmonious

Meaning

Characterized by agreement or concord; forming a pleasing or consistent whole.

Example

A harmonious work environment boosts productivity.

C2 verb /əˈsweɪdʒ/

assuage

Meaning

To make an unpleasant feeling less intense; to ease or relieve.

Example

The kind words helped assuage her anxiety.

C2 adjective /ʌnˈkɒnʃənəbl/

unconscionable

Meaning

shockingly unfair or unreasonable

Example

The company made unconscionable profits from the crisis.

B2 noun /skɑːr/

Scar

Meaning

a mark left on the skin after a wound has healed; lasting emotional damage

Example

The accident left a permanent scar on his forehead.

C1 adjective /rɪˈsɪ.prə.kəl/

Reciprocal

Meaning

given or done in return; mutual; shared equally by both parties;

Example

The two countries have a reciprocal trade agreement.

C1 noun /ˈnʌt.meg/

Nut meg

Meaning

a spice made from the seed of the fruit of an evergreen tree, used in cooking and baking

Example

The recipe called for a teaspoon of ground nutmeg to flavor the custard.

B1 adverb /ˈðɛərˌfɔr/

Therefore

Meaning

for that reason; consequently

Example

It was raining, therefore we stayed inside.

A1 noun/adjective /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

english

Meaning

The language of England, widely spoken around the world; relating to England or its people.

Example

She is learning English to study abroad.

C2 adjective /ˈɡlʌt.ən.əs/

gluttonous

Meaning

Excessively greedy in eating or consuming.

Example

His gluttonous appetite shocked everyone at the dinner table.

C2 noun /ɪnˈtræn.sɪ.dʒəns/

intransigence

Meaning

Refusal to change one's views or to agree about something.

Example

The negotiations failed due to the intransigence of both parties.

C1 adjective /ˈbrɪtl/

brittle

Meaning

easily broken or cracked; hard but liable to break

Example

The glass was so brittle that it cracked easily.

B1 adjective /slaɪt/

Slight

Meaning

small in degree; not severe or intense; slim; thin

Example

There was a slight delay in the train schedule.

B1 noun /ˈdʒuː.ni.ər/

Junior

Meaning

a person who is younger or lower in rank than someone else; relating to young people

Example

The junior employee was eager to learn from senior colleagues.

B2 verb /ɪnˈfɛkt/

infect

Meaning

To contaminate with a disease-causing organism.

Example

The virus can infect healthy people quickly.

C2 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɔːri/

prohibitory

Meaning

Serving or tending to prohibit or forbid.

Example

The prohibitory laws were strictly enforced in the region.

C2 noun /ˌprɪnsɪˈpæləti/

principality

Meaning

a state ruled by a prince

Example

Monaco is a famous principality in Europe.

B2 noun əˈmendmənt

amendment

Meaning

A minor change in a document.

Example

The amendment was not supported.

B1 verb /bæn/

ban

Meaning

to officially forbid something; to prohibit

Example

The government banned smoking in public places.

C1 verb /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪt/

administrate

Meaning

to manage or supervise the execution of duties, laws, or resources; to formally give or apply something such as a test or medicine

Example

The committee will administrate the new policy across all departments.

A1 noun, verb /hɛd/

head

Meaning

The upper part of the human body or to lead or be in charge of something.

Example

She turned her head to look out the window.

B1 adjective /rɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/

Ridiculous

Meaning

extremely silly or unreasonable; deserving or causing laughter

Example

The idea of building a house without tools is ridiculous.

C2 adjective /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

itinerant

Meaning

Traveling from place to place, especially for work or duty.

Example

The itinerant teacher moved from village to village to educate children.

C1 noun /ˌsɛlf ɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

self-indulgence

Meaning

The act of allowing oneself to enjoy pleasures or desires excessively.

Example

His weekend of self-indulgence included eating sweets and watching movies nonstop.

C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

Meaning

Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

Example

Broken capillaries cause dark circles.

B2 noun /liːɡ/

league

Meaning

An association of people or groups united for a common purpose; also a unit of distance (old use).

Example

Several clubs formed a league to promote sportsmanship.

C2 noun /ˌkɑːrt ˈblɑːnʃ/

carte blanche

Meaning

complete freedom to act as one wishes

Example

The manager gave her team carte blanche to design the project.

C1 noun /ˈmʌltɪplaɪər/

multiplier

Meaning

a number or factor by which another number is multiplied; something that increases the effect or value of something else

Example

In economics, government spending can act as a multiplier for economic growth.

B2 adjective /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

systematic

Meaning

Done or acting according to a fixed plan or system; methodical.

Example

The company took a systematic approach to solving the issue.

C2 noun /doʊˈniː/

donee

Meaning

A person who receives a gift or donation.

Example

The scholarship fund’s donee expressed heartfelt gratitude.

C2 /laɪð/

lithe

Meaning

thin, supple, and graceful in movement

Example

The lithe dancer captivated the audience with her graceful spins.

A2 noun /ˈæroʊ/

arrow

Meaning

a thin, straight weapon with a pointed tip, shot from a bow

Example

The hunter shot an arrow at the target.

B2 adjective /teɪm/

Tame

Meaning

domesticated and not wild; gentle and easy to control

Example

The tame lion performed tricks in the circus.

B1 noun /ˈbed ˌkʌv.ər/

Bed cover

Meaning

a protective covering for a bed, typically a bedspread or comforter

Example

She pulled the bed cover up to her chin to stay warm.

C1 adjective /ɪmˈpjʊər/

Impure

Meaning

contaminated; not clean; mixed with foreign substances

Example

The impure water caused health problems in the village.

C1 verb /əbˈsɛs/

obsess

Meaning

To preoccupy or fill the mind of someone continually and to an excessive degree.

Example

She tends to obsess over small details.

B2 verb /ɪnˈlaɪtən/

enlighten

Meaning

to give someone greater knowledge or understanding about a subject or situation

Example

The teacher tried to enlighten the students about ancient history.

B2 verb /ˈɔːltər/

alter

Meaning

to change or modify something slightly but significantly

Example

She decided to alter her dress to make it fit better.

A1 noun /kiː/

Key

Meaning

a small piece of shaped metal used to operate a lock; something that provides a means of access

Example

She lost her house key and couldn't get inside until the locksmith arrived.

C2 verb /ˌsuːpərˈæn.ju.eɪt/

superannuate

Meaning

to retire someone with a pension, usually due to age or long service

Example

The company decided to superannuate its senior employees after thirty years of service.

C2 adjective ˌnjʊə.rəʊ.prəˈtek.tɪv

neuroprotective

Meaning

Having the ability to protect nerve cells from damage, degeneration, or impaired function.

Example

Omega-3 fatty acids have neuroprotective benefits.

B2 noun /ˈbænər/

banner

Meaning

a large printed sign used for advertisements or announcements

Example

The company displayed a banner to advertise their new product.

B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

Meaning

able to be believed; convincing

Example

Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.

B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊ/

undergo

Meaning

to go through something, especially something unpleasant or difficult

Example

She had to undergo surgery to recover.

C1 verb /kənˈstrɪkt/

constrict

Meaning

to make narrower or tighter; to shrink or compress

Example

The snake constricted its prey before swallowing.

B2 verb /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/

pinpoint

Meaning

to locate or identify something with precision

Example

The detective was able to pinpoint the exact location of the suspect.

C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɒnəkrəʊm/

monochrome

Meaning

A photograph, painting, or screen image in black and white or varying tones of one color.

Example

The old film was shot entirely in monochrome.

B1 adjective /əˈlɜːrt/

alert

Meaning

quick to notice and respond to potential danger or issues; aware and attentive

Example

The alert dog barked at the stranger approaching the house.

B1 adjective /ˈkɒmplɪˌkeɪtɪd/

complicated

Meaning

consisting of many interconnected parts; difficult to understand

Example

The instructions for the machine are too complicated to follow.

B2 noun /ˌɔː.θɛnˈtɪs.ə.ti/

authenticity

Meaning

The quality of being authentic; genuineness or truthfulness.

Example

The authenticity of the document was verified.

A2 adverb /bɪˈsaɪdz/

Besides

Meaning

in addition to; moreover; furthermore

Example

Besides being smart, he is also kind.

B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/

citizenship

Meaning

the status of being a recognized member of a state or country, with rights and duties

Example

He applied for American citizenship after living there for ten years.

C1 verb /ˈlɛdʒɪsˌleɪt/

legislate

Meaning

to make or enact laws

Example

The government plans to legislate new safety standards.

C2 noun /əˈreɪ.bi.ən ˈdʒæz.mɪn/

Arabian Jasmine

Meaning

A fragrant white flower native to South and Southeast Asia, commonly used in perfumes and religious ceremonies

Example

The Arabian jasmine filled the garden with its sweet fragrance.

C1 noun/verb kənˈdʒɛk.tʃər

conjecture

Meaning

An opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information; to form an opinion or supposition about something.

Example

The scientist's conjecture was later proven true.

B2 noun /ˈtriːti/

Treaty

Meaning

a formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries or states

Example

The peace treaty was signed after years of negotiations.

C2 verb /dʒɪr/

jeer

Meaning

to laugh at someone or something in a cruel or mocking way

Example

The crowd began to jeer at the opposing team.

B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈiːt/

overeat

Meaning

To eat more food than the body needs.

Example

She tends to overeat when she is stressed.

C1 noun /ˈpoʊtənsi/

potency

Meaning

The power or ability of something to affect or influence; strength or effectiveness.

Example

The potency of the new medicine amazed the doctors.

B2 noun /ˈtɜːnˌəʊvə/

turnover

Meaning

the amount of business conducted during a particular period, or the rate at which employees leave a company

Example

The company reported a high turnover in its sales department.