advancements
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B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənts

advancements

Meaning
The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement.
Example
Scientific advancements enhance global innovation.
B2 noun /ˌpɪə.riˈɒd.ɪ.kəl/

periodical

Meaning
a magazine or journal published at regular intervals
Example
She subscribed to a science periodical.
A2 noun /bentʃ/

Bench

Meaning
a long seat for several people, typically made of wood or stone
Example
The students sat on the bench.
C2 noun /kəˈraʊzl/

carousal

Meaning
A noisy or lively drinking party or festivity.
Example
They were exhausted after a night of wild carousal.
B1 noun /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/

Charity

Meaning
the voluntary giving of help to those in need; kindness and tolerance in judging others
Example
The wealthy businessman donated millions to charity for education.
B2 noun ˈmʌltiˌtɑːskɪŋ

multitasking

Meaning
The performance of more than one task at the same time
Example
Multitasking reduces efficiency.
B2 adjective /ˈteɪst.ləs/

Tasteless

Meaning
lacking flavor; showing poor judgment in style
Example
The soup was completely tasteless and needed more seasoning.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpoʊz/

repose

Meaning
a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie in a peaceful position
Example
After the long journey, she sought repose in the quiet garden.
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
A2 noun /ɪɡˈzæm/

exam

Meaning
a formal test of a person's knowledge or skill in a subject
Example
She studied hard for her final exam.
B2 noun /ˈlɒdʒɪk/

logic

Meaning
Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.
Example
Her argument was based on sound logic.
B2 verb /əˈkweɪnt/

acquaint

Meaning
to make someone familiar with something; to inform or introduce
Example
Please acquaint yourself with the safety guidelines before operating the machine.
B2 noun /ʌnˈkɒnʃəsnəs/

unconsciousness

Meaning
the state of being unaware of and unable to respond to one's surroundings
Example
After the accident, he was in a state of unconsciousness for several hours.
C2 noun /ˌnɒn ˈsɛkwɪtər/

non sequitur

Meaning
a statement or conclusion that does not logically follow from the previous statement
Example
His comment about the weather was a complete non sequitur during the budget discussion.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

unforeseen

Meaning
Not anticipated or predicted; unexpected.
Example
The project faced unforeseen challenges that delayed its completion.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒndənt/

respondent

Meaning
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
Example
The survey had over 1,000 respondents.
C2 adjective /ɡlɪb/

glib

Meaning
speaking easily but without sincerity or depth
Example
The politician gave a glib answer to a serious question.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈleɪ.bərd/

labored

Meaning
done with great effort and difficulty; or past tense of labor
Example
He gave a labored explanation that confused the audience.
A2 noun /mɪˈsteɪk/

Mistake

Meaning
An action or judgment that is misguided or wrong; an error
Example
Making mistakes is part of the learning process.
C2 noun /ˈhæbɪtjuːd/

habitude

Meaning
a customary condition or mode of life; habitual practice
Example
He lived in a quiet habitude, avoiding the noise of the city.
C2 adjective /ˈfæl.oʊ/

fallow

Meaning
Describing land that is left unplanted for a period to restore its fertility, allowing soil to recover nutrients and break pest and disease cycles.
Example
Farmers leave their fields fallow to restore soil fertility.
C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

Meaning
morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality
Example
He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.
C1 verb /klɪntʃ/

clinch

Meaning
To secure or settle something decisively; to grasp tightly.
Example
The team clinched the championship with a last-minute goal.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /streɪ/

stray

Meaning
to move away from the correct path or go off course; a person or animal that has wandered off; something that is not where it belongs
Example
The dog strayed from the yard and got lost.
B1 noun /ˈdrɛsɪŋ/

dressing

Meaning
a sauce for salads; or material used to cover a wound
Example
She prepared a delicious salad with Italian dressing.
B2 noun /ˈweɪtˌlɪftɪŋ/

weightlifting

Meaning
the sport or activity of lifting heavy weights to build strength and muscle
Example
Weightlifting requires discipline, proper technique, and consistent training.
B1 verb /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

engage

Meaning
To participate or become involved in; to attract or hold attention.
Example
The teacher tried to engage the students in the discussion.
C1 noun /ˈkjuːmɪn/

Cumin

Meaning
A spice made from the dried seeds of a plant in the parsley family, with a warm earthy flavor
Example
Cumin is an essential spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking.
B2 noun /ˈɔɪ.stər/

Oyster

Meaning
a type of shellfish that can be eaten and sometimes contains pearls
Example
She ordered fresh oysters at the seafood restaurant.
B1 noun /læd/

lad

Meaning
a boy or young man; a male youth
Example
The young lad helped his father in the shop.
B2 noun /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən/

interruption

Meaning
the act of stopping or breaking the continuity of something; a pause caused by an external action
Example
The meeting was delayed due to an unexpected interruption.
C2 noun /ˈrɛd.ə.ləns/

redolence

Meaning
a pleasant smell or the quality of suggesting something strongly
Example
The redolence of jasmine filled the evening air.
C2 adjective /pəˈlædʒ.ɪk/

pelagic

Meaning
Relating to the open sea or ocean water column, away from the shore.
Example
Pelagic fish like tuna are found far from the coast.
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
C1 noun, verb /buːz/

booze

Meaning
alcoholic drink, especially strong liquor; to drink alcohol, often excessively
Example
They bought some booze for the party.
C1 noun ˈsɛlfləsnɪs

selflessness

Meaning
The quality of being concerned more with the needs of others than with one's own.
Example
Selflessness is a key value for community building.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈtʃeɪst/

Unchaste

Meaning
not celibate; having engaged in sexual relations; lacking moral purity
Example
The conservative society considered her behavior unchaste and improper.
C2 noun kəmˈpʌŋk.ʃən

compunction

Meaning
A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that prevents or follows the doing of something bad.
Example
He felt compunction after lying to his friend.
C1 noun /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/

etymology

Meaning
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved.
Example
The etymology of the word 'salary' comes from the Latin word for salt.
B1 adjective /ˈɛnd.ləs/

Endless

Meaning
having no end; infinite; limitless
Example
The ocean seemed endless from the shore.
C2 adjective /ˈpɜːˌblaɪnd/

purblind

Meaning
Having impaired or defective vision; lacking insight or understanding.
Example
The purblind approach to the problem led to many mistakes.
A1 verb /ɡɪv/

give

Meaning
to freely transfer something to someone
Example
I give gifts to my friends on their birthdays.
C1 noun /ˈlaɪbəl/

libel

Meaning
a published false statement that damages a person's reputation
Example
The newspaper was sued for libel after publishing false claims.
B2 noun /ˈtɜːr.naʊt/

turnout

Meaning
the number of people who attend or participate in an event or activity
Example
The turnout at the rally was impressive, with thousands showing up.
C1 noun /ˈdʒuː.və.naɪl/

Juvenile

Meaning
a young person below the age of adult criminal responsibility; relating to young people
Example
The juvenile court handles cases involving young offenders under eighteen.
A2 adjective /ˈhɛl.θi/

healthy

Meaning
Good physical and mental condition, free from disease or illness.
Example
Regular exercise and a balanced diet keep the body healthy.
A1 noun /pɑːrt/

part

Meaning
a piece or segment of something
Example
She gave me a part of her chocolate.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪ.kə.nəˈklæs.tɪk/

iconoclastic

Meaning
Characterized by attacking or rejecting cherished beliefs, traditions, or established values.
Example
Her iconoclastic views challenged the conventional wisdom of the industry.
B2 adjective /ˈɔɪl.i/

Oily

Meaning
covered with oil; containing oil; greasy
Example
Her oily skin needs special care.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

foreground

Meaning
the part of a scene that is nearest to and in front of the viewer
Example
The flowers in the foreground brightened the picture.
C2 noun /ˈrʊkəri/

rookery

Meaning
a place where rooks or other birds breed and nest in colonies
Example
We saw a rookery full of noisy birds near the forest.
B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

Meaning
relating to the period after a war has ended
Example
The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.
B2 noun/verb /bʌst/

bust

Meaning
As a noun: A sculpture of a person's head, shoulders, and chest; As a verb: To break, smash, or arrest.
Example
The police busted the gang last night.
C2 verb /əˈɡlɒməˌreɪt/

agglomerate

Meaning
To collect or form into a mass or group.
Example
The dust particles began to agglomerate into larger clusters.
C1 noun /treɪd fəˌsɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

trade facilitation

Meaning
The simplification, modernization and harmonization of export and import processes.
Example
Trade facilitation boosts economic growth.
A2 adjective, noun /dɛd/

dead

Meaning
No longer alive; the end of life.
Example
The old tree is completely dead.
C1 verb /ˈnɪbəl/

nibble

Meaning
to take small bites of food
Example
The rabbit nibbled on a carrot.
B2 verb /prəˈkleɪm/

proclaim

Meaning
to announce something publicly or officially, especially something important
Example
The president proclaimed a national day of mourning.
C1 verb /ˈswɪndl/

swindle

Meaning
to cheat someone out of money or possessions by deceit
Example
The con artist tried to swindle the old man out of his savings.
B2 noun /ˈlɛtɪs/

lettuce

Meaning
a leafy green vegetable commonly used in salads and sandwiches
Example
She added fresh lettuce to the sandwich.
B2 verb /buːst/

boost

Meaning
To increase, improve, or raise something.
Example
The company launched a campaign to boost sales.
B1 adverb /ˈkloʊsli/

closely

Meaning
in a way that is very near in space, time, or relationship; carefully and attentively
Example
The detective examined the evidence closely.
A2 abbreviation (noun/pronoun) /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

sth.

Meaning
abbreviation for 'something'
Example
Can you give me sth. to write with?
A1 noun /klɑːs/

class

Meaning
a group of students taught together or a category of people or things with shared characteristics
Example
Our class meets every morning at nine.
A2 verb /ˈkɑːpi/

copy

Meaning
to make an identical reproduction of something
Example
Please copy this document for the meeting.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːr.teɪ/ or /fɔːrt/

forte

Meaning
a strong ability or talent; something one does particularly well
Example
Cooking is definitely her forte.
B2 adverb /ˈstɛdɪli/

steadily

Meaning
in a regular and continuous way; without stopping or changing
Example
The company's profits have been increasing steadily.
B2 noun /ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/

Expectation

Meaning
a strong belief that something will happen or be the case; anticipation
Example
The new teacher exceeded everyone's expectations with her innovative teaching methods.
C1 adjective /ˈtæn.tə.laɪ.zɪŋ/

Tantalizing

Meaning
tempting and attractive but out of reach
Example
The tantalizing aroma of fresh bread filled the bakery.
C1 adjective, verb /sɪˈdeɪt/

sedate

Meaning
calm, quiet, and composed; or to administer a drug to make someone calm or sleep
Example
The nurse sedated the patient before the operation.
B1 verb /əˈtætʃ/

attach

Meaning
to join or fasten something to another thing
Example
Please attach the document to the email before sending.
A1 verb /drɪŋk/

drink

Meaning
to take liquid into the mouth and swallow it
Example
I drink water every morning.
B2 noun; verb /ˈlaɪnʌp/

line-up

Meaning
a group or arrangement of people or things in a line; to arrange people or things in a row or planned order
Example
The coach announced the team line-up before the match.
C1 noun /ˈʃɪvəlri/

chivalry

Meaning
The medieval knightly system with its moral, social, and religious code; courteous behavior, especially toward women.
Example
The knight lived by the code of chivalry.
C2 adjective /ˈhɔːri/

hoary

Meaning
gray or white with age; very old and respected
Example
The hoary oak tree stood as a witness to centuries of history.
B1 noun freɪm

Frame

Meaning
A rigid structure that surrounds something such as a picture, door, or windowpane.
Example
A framed family tree can be displayed in your home.
C2 adjective /ˈhiːðənɪʃ/

heathenish

Meaning
Lacking culture or religion; barbaric or uncivilized.
Example
They considered the ancient tribe’s rituals heathenish.
C2 verb /dɪˈkæmp/

decamp

Meaning
To depart suddenly or secretly, often to avoid trouble or escape.
Example
The thief decamped before the police arrived.
B2 adverb /kənˈsɪstəntli/

consistently

Meaning
in a way that does not vary; regularly and dependably
Example
She has been performing consistently well in her studies.
C2 adjective /ˈfɪt.fəl/

fitful

Meaning
occurring in irregular bursts; not continuous or steady
Example
He had a fitful sleep due to the storm.
B2 noun /ʌnˈsɜːrtənti/

Uncertainty

Meaning
the state of being uncertain; doubt or lack of sureness
Example
The uncertainty about the weather delayed our trip.
B2 verb /stɪŋ/

sting

Meaning
to pierce with a sharp point; to cause sharp pain
Example
The bee stung him on his arm while he was gardening.
B1 noun /soʊl/

Soul

Meaning
the spiritual or immaterial essence of a human being or animal; a person's emotional or intellectual nature
Example
She poured her heart and soul into her artwork.
A2 noun /spuːn/

Spoon

Meaning
an implement consisting of a small, shallow bowl on a long handle, used for eating, stirring, and serving food
Example
He used a spoon to eat his soup.
C1 verb /hoʊn/

hone

Meaning
To sharpen a blade or to improve a skill through practice.
Example
She honed her presentation skills before the big meeting.
C2 verb /ɛnˈfrænˌtʃaɪz/

enfranchise

Meaning
To grant the right to vote or other rights of citizenship.
Example
The new law enfranchised thousands of people.
C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

phytonutrients

Meaning
Bioactive compounds found in plants that have health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Example
Green tea contains powerful phytonutrients.
C1 adjective /ˈplʌk.i/

plucky

Meaning
having or showing courage and determination
Example
The plucky child rescued the kitten from the tree.
C2 noun /ˈæstər/

Aster

Meaning
a flowering plant with daisy-like flowers that typically bloom in fall
Example
The purple asters bloomed beautifully in the autumn garden.
C1 noun /fɪˈnɑːleɪ/

finale

Meaning
the last part or conclusion of a performance, event, or series
Example
The concert ended with a spectacular finale.
B2 noun /ˈθiːərɪst/

theorist

Meaning
A person who develops, studies, or explains theories in a particular field.
Example
The political theorist explained the impact of democracy on social structures.
C2 noun /ˌtɛliˈɒlədʒi/

teleology

Meaning
the explanation of phenomena by the purpose they serve rather than by cause
Example
Aristotle is often associated with the concept of teleology in philosophy.
C1 noun /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

intimidation

Meaning
The action of frightening or threatening someone to make them do something.
Example
The workers reported cases of intimidation by the management.
C2 noun /ˈpɔːrfəri/

porphyry

Meaning
A hard igneous rock containing crystals, often used for decorative or building purposes.
Example
The ancient Romans used porphyry to make columns and statues.
C2 noun /ˌpaɪrəˈmeɪniə/

pyromania

Meaning
An uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.
Example
The suspect was diagnosed with pyromania after repeated incidents of arson.
C2 noun /spliːn/

spleen

Meaning
an organ in the body that produces lymphocytes and filters blood; also refers to bad temper or spite
Example
He vented his spleen on his coworkers after the meeting.
C2 noun /ˈfeɪ.tə.lɪ.zəm/

fatalism

Meaning
the belief that all events are predetermined and inevitable
Example
He embraced fatalism, believing that nothing he did could change his destiny.
A2 adjective /ˈreɡ.jə.lər/

Regular

Meaning
happening at fixed intervals; consistent; normal; frequent
Example
She goes for regular exercise every morning at 6 AM.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈfɪt/

Unfit

Meaning
not in good physical condition; unsuitable or inappropriate
Example
He was declared unfit for military service due to his poor health.
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
B2 adjective /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/

behavioral

Meaning
relating to the way a person or animal acts
Example
The psychologist studied the child's behavioral patterns.
B2 noun /ˌɔː.θɛnˈtɪs.ə.ti/

authenticity

Meaning
The quality of being authentic; genuineness or truthfulness.
Example
The authenticity of the document was verified.
B2 noun /ˈfæbrɪk/

fabric

Meaning
Cloth or material produced by weaving or knitting fibers.
Example
The tailor used silk fabric to make the dress.
A1 interjection /haɪ/

hi

Meaning
a friendly greeting used when meeting someone
Example
Hi, it's nice to meet you!
C1 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

physiology

Meaning
the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system
Example
She is majoring in human physiology at the university.
B1 noun roʊps

ropes

Meaning
A length of thick strong cord made by twisting together strands of hemp, sisal, nylon, or similar material.
Example
The ropes were tied securely to lift the heavy load.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæl.ənt/

gallant

Meaning
Brave, heroic, or chivalrous.
Example
The gallant firefighter saved the child from the burning building.
A2 noun /ˈoʊ.ʃən/

ocean

Meaning
A very large expanse of sea, especially the main areas of sea between continents.
Example
The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface.
A1 noun /aɪs/

Ice

Meaning
water that has frozen and become solid
Example
The ice in my drink melted quickly in the hot weather.
C1 noun /ˈnʌt.meg/

Nut meg

Meaning
a spice made from the seed of the fruit of an evergreen tree, used in cooking and baking
Example
The recipe called for a teaspoon of ground nutmeg to flavor the custard.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪ.li/

Scaly

Meaning
covered with scales; having a rough surface like scales
Example
The fish has scaly skin.
C2 noun, verb /ˈkæŋkər/

canker

Meaning
A fungal disease of plants; an ulcerous sore in the mouth; to corrupt or destroy slowly
Example
The tree was infected with a canker that damaged its bark.
C2 verb /dɪsˈroʊb/

disrobe

Meaning
to remove one's clothes
Example
The monk disrobed before entering the river.
C1 noun /læns/

Lance

Meaning
a long weapon with a sharp metal point, used by soldiers on horseback
Example
The knight charged forward with his lance ready.
B1 noun ədˈvɛnʧər ˈsiːkərz

Adventure Seekers

Meaning
People who actively look for exciting and potentially risky activities or experiences.
Example
Sajek Valley is a popular destination for adventure seekers.
C1 verb; noun /beltʃ/

belch

Meaning
to expel air noisily from the stomach through the mouth; to emit or pour out suddenly and forcefully
Example
After drinking the soda, he belched loudly.
B1 noun /əkˈsɛptəns/

acceptance

Meaning
the act of agreeing to receive or undertake something offered
Example
Her acceptance of the award was met with applause.
A2 noun /keɪdʒ/

Cage

Meaning
a structure with bars or wire for keeping birds or animals
Example
The parrot lives in a large cage.
B2 noun ˈlaɪf ɪkˌspek.tən.si

life expectancy

Meaning
The average period that a person may expect to live; the length of time for which something is expected to last or to continue being effective.
Example
Life expectancy depends on healthcare quality.
C1 adjective /ˈflæʃi/

flashy

Meaning
ostentatious or showy in a way that attracts attention
Example
He drove a flashy sports car through the city streets.
C1 noun /əbˈstrʌkʃən/

obstruction

Meaning
Something that blocks or gets in the way; the action of obstructing.
Example
There was an obstruction on the railway track.